Résumé : On August 18th, 1967, H.M. Arvid Pardo, Malta's delegate at the UN, referred to the General Assembly with the question entitled: "Examination of the question of the reservation exclusively for peaceful purposes of the sea-bed and the ocean floor, and the subsoil thereof, underlying the high seas beyond the limits of present national jurisdiction, and the use of their resources in the interests of mankind." (1) This proposal was not the result of pure abstract thinking, but was, on the contrary, the wording of the necessity to adapt marine legislation to the current development state of the international society. However, this evolutive perspective does not exist only economically and technically speaking: it develops in the political field, especially in the development of the nations claim over marine spaces and the genesis of the principle of freedom of high seas. As in any dialectical perspective, legislation interferes with these de facto situations and imposes a number of directions to the study of a legal regime responding to the needs of a changing international society.
Le 18 août 1967, SE Arvid PARDO, représentant de Malte à l'ONU, saisit l'Assemblée Générale de la question intitulée : "Examen de la question de l'affectation à des fins exclusivement pacifiques du lit des mers ainsi que de leur sous sol, au-delà des limites de la juridiction nationale actuelle et de l'exploitation de leurs ressources dans l'intérêt de l'humanité". (1) Cette proposition n'était pas l'émanation d'une réflexion purement abstraite, mais traduisait au contraire la nécessité d'adapter le droit de la mer à l'état de développement de la société internationale. Cependant, cette perspective évolutive n'existe pas seulement sur le plan économique et technologique : elle se développe au niveau politique, particulièrement dans l'extension des prétentions étatiques sur les espaces maritimes et la genèse du principe de liberté de la haute mer. Comme dans toute perspective dialectique, le droit interfère sur ces situations de fait et impose donc a priori certaines orientations à l'étude d'un régime juridique répondant aux besoins d'une société internationale en pleine mutation. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1973/rapport-4803.PDF
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4803/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : Understanding of antimicrobial defence mechanisms of penaeid shrimp should help in the design of efficient strategies for the management and disease control in aquaculture. In this study, we have specifically analysed the expression in circulating hemocytes of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) encoding genes, such as PEN2 and PEN3, ALF, crustin, lysozyme and a putative cysteine-rich peptide. We evidenced a relationship between the level of expression of some AMPs and the successful response of the shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris, to circumvent a pathogenic Vibrio penaeicida infection. Additionally, significant differences in some AMP transcript amounts are evidenced between control, non-selected shrimp line and the third generation breeding of shrimp selected for their survival to natural V. penaeicida infections. On the basis of these results, it will now be of great interest to determine if these AMPs are directly involved in the resistance of shrimp to infection or if they only reflect other acquired defence mechanisms which can confer a resistance. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Molecular Immunology (0161-5890) (Elsevier), 2008-07 , Vol. 45 , N. 12 , P. 3438-3445

Droits : 2008 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4524.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2008.04.002
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4524/