Éditeur(s) : Université de Paris 7
Résumé : The Seine estuary and its adjacent region Pays de Caux are two significant sources of mercury for coastal marine environments. It is carried through fluvial means for the Seine bay and through karstic fresh water emergences for Pays de Caux's coastal area. Mercury cycle in the Seine estuary and bay is affected by additional anthropical activities. The estuary's maximal turbidity area acts like a trap and a chemical reactor for fluvial mercury. Within this area, we can confirm: (i) the non conservative behaviour of dissolved mercury; (ii) mercury enrichment of particles when comparing the Seine's and marine environment and we suggest mercury particle redistribution from the organic fraction to the oxyhydroxydes fraction. A large fraction of mercury is exported in this state towards coastal areas. Mercury reduction in surface coastal waters and its atmospherical recycling are major phenomena. Photoreduction and biological reduction play quantitative roles equivalent to total mercury recycling via the atmosphere corresponding approximately to 30 % of fluvial exchanges. We are demonstrating that reactive forms of mercury are supporting photoreduction. Mercury behaviour within Pays de Caux's karst depends of the hydrogeological context of the system (time and flow speed, turbidity, flow); regardless of the speciation and/or partition in underground waters, the total amount of mercury in intertidal areas is quantitatively the same as in the Seine estuary. Mercury brought through intertidal emergences (karstic exudations) is not « filtered » by a maximal turbidity area and is more widely bio-available for mussels than in the Seine estuary. Even being free from growth factor influences through simple models, mussels found in Pays de Caux still show one of the highest mercury contamination on the French coast; for the first time this places the emphasis on how much mercury is brought from underground waters to the coastal environment. Surface complexation modelisation tests are able to reproduce the major part of mercury partition in the Seine estuary and bay if a very low mercury exchangeable fraction and minimum complexation parameters are taken into account; thermodynamic calculations also suggest that a strong or highly concentrated « dissolved » ligand must be present in the water in order to compete with chlorocomplex formations and explain our measures.
L'estuaire de la Seine et la région adjacente du Pays de Caux sont deux sources significatives en mercure pour le milieu marin côtier. Les apports sont d'une part fluviatiles en ce qui concerne la Baie de Seine et karstiques via des émergences d'eau douce pour la zone côtière du Pays de Caux. Le cycle du mercure en estuaire et baie de Seine est perturbé par les apports liés aux activités anthropiques. La zone de turbidité maximum de l'estuaire joue le rôle de piège et de réacteur chimique pour le mercure fluviatile. Au sein de cette zone, nous mettons en évidence : (i) un comportement non-conservatif du mercure dissous; (ii) un enrichissement en mercure des particules par rapport à celles de la Seine et du milieu marin et suggérons une redistribution du mercure particulaire de la fraction organique vers la fraction oxyhydroxydes. C'est sous cette forme qu'une fraction importante du mercure est exportée vers la zone côtière. La réduction du mercure dans les eaux côtières de surface et son recyclage atmosphérique sont des phénomènes majeurs. En effet, la photoréduction et la réduction biologique jouent des rôles quantitativement équivalents avec un recyclage total du mercure via l'atmosphère correspondant à environ 30% des apports fluviatiles. Nous montrons que les formes réactives du mercure constituent le substrat de la photoréduction. Le comportement du mercure au sein du karst du Pays de Caux dépend du contexte hydrogéologiques du système (temps et vitesse de circulation, turbidité, débit) ; quelle que soit la spéciation et/ou la partition dans les eaux souterraines, l'apport en mercure total à la zone intertidale est quantitativement du même ordre de grandeur que les apports de la Seine. Le mercure apporté par les émergences intertidales (exutoires karstiques) n'est pas « filtré » par une zone de turbidité maximale et se trouve plus largement biodisponible pour les moules qu'en estuaire de Seine. En s'affranchissant, par des modèles simples, de l'influences des facteurs de croissance, les moules du Pays de Caux affichent toujours une contamination par le mercure parmi les plus élevées du littoral français; ceci met pour la première fois l'emphase sur l'importance de l'apport en mercure par des eaux souterraines dans un environnement côtier. Les essais de modélisation de complexation de surface reproduisent la majeure partie de la partition du mercure dans l'estuaire et la baie de Seine si l'on tient compte d'une fraction échangeable en mercure très faible et de paramètres de complexation minimums ; les calculs thermodynamiques suggèrent aussi qu'un ligand « dissous » fort ou présent à de fortes concentrations doit être présent dans l'eau afin d'entrer en compétition avec la formation de chlorocomplexes et expliquer nos mesures.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2001/these-1842.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1842/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : Phosphorus forms with respect to sediment characteristics, such as grain-size, and major chemical elements, were studied in French coastal marine areas (the Bay of Seine and the Loire and Gironde Estuaries).In the three areas, Fe/Al-bound phosphate (Fe/Al-P) and exchangeable phosphate (exch-P) were significantly related to the proportion of fine fraction (< 63 mum). The special association of these forms with fine particles, as well as the relationships between exch-P, Fe/Al-P and Fe showed that adsorption processes on Fe oxides had taken place. However, for similar Fe concentrations, Bay of Seine sediments showed Fe/Al-P concentrations which were four to five times higher than those found in the Loire and Gironde Estuaries. This was attributed to differences in sediment nature and processes in these two types of areas. Indeed, the Loire and Gironde Estuaries frequently show hypoxia.Calcium-bound phosphate (Ca-P) was found in all grain size classes with comparable concentrations in the Bay of Seine where there was no correlation between Ca-P and Ca. This corresponded to the calcium's marine origin (shells) in the Bay of Seine. In contrast, the correlation of Ca-P with Ca and the fine fraction of the sediment in the Loire and Gironde Estuaries was characteristic of the predominant metamorphic origin of Ca-P in these areas.Useful information for interpretation of P-forms can be obtained from major sediment characteristics. Thus, for areas where specific relationships have previously been established good estimates of P-forms could be predicted from sediment properties.
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (0272-7714) (Elsevier), 2001-05 , Vol. 52 , N. 5 , P. 617-629

Droits : 2001 Academic Press. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2001/publication-469.pdf
DOI:10.1006/ecss.2001.0766
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/469/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Tecpar
Résumé : International audience
The general structure and organization of the shallow water (<1.5 m) fish assemblages were studied in two southern Brazilian ecosystems, a bay and a lagoon, under different marine or continental influences. The abiotic factors were measured to define the hydrology of the sites and the biotic descriptors were evaluated to characterize the assemblage structures. Transparency, salinity and organic matter were the abiotic factors which best distinguished the sites. A total richness of 69 species was observed. Ecological guilds, density, diversity and evenness indices values were different in each site. Hydrodynamism and geomorphology determined the structure and the organization of the fish assemblages in these shallow waters. It was observed that variations in the hydrological attributes generated by the marine or continental water movements are able to alter the conditions in the lagoon more quickly and at more regular frequencies than those in the bay.
ISSN: 1516-8913

hal-00753018
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00753018
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00753018/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00753018/file/BRAZILIAN_2010.pdf