Éditeur(s) : LC2S : Laboratoire Caribéen de Sciences Sociales
Extrait de : "Discriminations genrées/raciales dans la danse, danse/théâtre, performance martiniquaises" : journées d'étude, les 30 et 31 mai 2017. Université des Antilles
Description : Discussion

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V17129
V17129

Éditeur(s) : Université de Paris 7
Résumé : The Seine estuary and its adjacent region Pays de Caux are two significant sources of mercury for coastal marine environments. It is carried through fluvial means for the Seine bay and through karstic fresh water emergences for Pays de Caux's coastal area. Mercury cycle in the Seine estuary and bay is affected by additional anthropical activities. The estuary's maximal turbidity area acts like a trap and a chemical reactor for fluvial mercury. Within this area, we can confirm: (i) the non conservative behaviour of dissolved mercury; (ii) mercury enrichment of particles when comparing the Seine's and marine environment and we suggest mercury particle redistribution from the organic fraction to the oxyhydroxydes fraction. A large fraction of mercury is exported in this state towards coastal areas. Mercury reduction in surface coastal waters and its atmospherical recycling are major phenomena. Photoreduction and biological reduction play quantitative roles equivalent to total mercury recycling via the atmosphere corresponding approximately to 30 % of fluvial exchanges. We are demonstrating that reactive forms of mercury are supporting photoreduction. Mercury behaviour within Pays de Caux's karst depends of the hydrogeological context of the system (time and flow speed, turbidity, flow); regardless of the speciation and/or partition in underground waters, the total amount of mercury in intertidal areas is quantitatively the same as in the Seine estuary. Mercury brought through intertidal emergences (karstic exudations) is not « filtered » by a maximal turbidity area and is more widely bio-available for mussels than in the Seine estuary. Even being free from growth factor influences through simple models, mussels found in Pays de Caux still show one of the highest mercury contamination on the French coast; for the first time this places the emphasis on how much mercury is brought from underground waters to the coastal environment. Surface complexation modelisation tests are able to reproduce the major part of mercury partition in the Seine estuary and bay if a very low mercury exchangeable fraction and minimum complexation parameters are taken into account; thermodynamic calculations also suggest that a strong or highly concentrated « dissolved » ligand must be present in the water in order to compete with chlorocomplex formations and explain our measures.
L'estuaire de la Seine et la région adjacente du Pays de Caux sont deux sources significatives en mercure pour le milieu marin côtier. Les apports sont d'une part fluviatiles en ce qui concerne la Baie de Seine et karstiques via des émergences d'eau douce pour la zone côtière du Pays de Caux. Le cycle du mercure en estuaire et baie de Seine est perturbé par les apports liés aux activités anthropiques. La zone de turbidité maximum de l'estuaire joue le rôle de piège et de réacteur chimique pour le mercure fluviatile. Au sein de cette zone, nous mettons en évidence : (i) un comportement non-conservatif du mercure dissous; (ii) un enrichissement en mercure des particules par rapport à celles de la Seine et du milieu marin et suggérons une redistribution du mercure particulaire de la fraction organique vers la fraction oxyhydroxydes. C'est sous cette forme qu'une fraction importante du mercure est exportée vers la zone côtière. La réduction du mercure dans les eaux côtières de surface et son recyclage atmosphérique sont des phénomènes majeurs. En effet, la photoréduction et la réduction biologique jouent des rôles quantitativement équivalents avec un recyclage total du mercure via l'atmosphère correspondant à environ 30% des apports fluviatiles. Nous montrons que les formes réactives du mercure constituent le substrat de la photoréduction. Le comportement du mercure au sein du karst du Pays de Caux dépend du contexte hydrogéologiques du système (temps et vitesse de circulation, turbidité, débit) ; quelle que soit la spéciation et/ou la partition dans les eaux souterraines, l'apport en mercure total à la zone intertidale est quantitativement du même ordre de grandeur que les apports de la Seine. Le mercure apporté par les émergences intertidales (exutoires karstiques) n'est pas « filtré » par une zone de turbidité maximale et se trouve plus largement biodisponible pour les moules qu'en estuaire de Seine. En s'affranchissant, par des modèles simples, de l'influences des facteurs de croissance, les moules du Pays de Caux affichent toujours une contamination par le mercure parmi les plus élevées du littoral français; ceci met pour la première fois l'emphase sur l'importance de l'apport en mercure par des eaux souterraines dans un environnement côtier. Les essais de modélisation de complexation de surface reproduisent la majeure partie de la partition du mercure dans l'estuaire et la baie de Seine si l'on tient compte d'une fraction échangeable en mercure très faible et de paramètres de complexation minimums ; les calculs thermodynamiques suggèrent aussi qu'un ligand « dissous » fort ou présent à de fortes concentrations doit être présent dans l'eau afin d'entrer en compétition avec la formation de chlorocomplexes et expliquer nos mesures.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2001/these-1842.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1842/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0003-4975

hal-01563338
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-01563338
DOI : 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.03.093
PUBMED : 27262916

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Aims: The aims of this study were to compare short-and long-term outcomes for clinical T2N0 oesophageal cancer with analysis of (i) primary surgery (S) versus neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery (NS), (ii) squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma subsets; and (iii) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods: Data were collected from 30 European centres from 2000 to 2010. Among 2944 included patients, 355 patients (12.1%) had cT2N0 disease; 285 (S) and 70 (NS), were compared in terms of short-and long-term outcomes. Propensity score matching analyses were used to compensate for differences in baseline characteristics.Results: No significant differences between the groups were shown in terms of in hospital morbidity and mortality. Nodal disease was observed in 50% of S-group at the time of surgery, with 20% pN2/N3. Utilisation of neoadjuvant therapy was associated with significant tumour downstaging as reflected by increases in pT0, pN0 and pTNM stage 0 disease, this effect was further enhanced with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. After adjustment on propensity score and confounding factors, for all patients and subset analysis of squamous cell and adenocarcinoma, neoadjuvant therapy had no significant effect upon survival or recurrence (overall, loco-regional, distant or mixed) compared to surgery alone. There were no significant differences between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in short-or long-term outcomes.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a surgery alone treatment approach should be recommended as the primary treatment approach for cT2N0 oesophageal cancer despite 50% of patients having nodal disease at the time of surgery.
ISSN: 0959-8049

hal-01666517
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01666517
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.11.024

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background: HCV treatment uptake has drastically increased in HIV-HCV coinfected patients in France since direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment approval, resulting in HCV cure in 63% of all HIV-HCV patients by the end of 2015. We investigated the impact of scaling-up DAA on HCV prevalence in the whole HIV population and in various risk groups over the next 10 years in France using a transmission dynamic compartmental model.Methods: The model was based on epidemiological data from the French Dat’AIDS cohort. Eight risk groups wereconsidered, including high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) men who have sex with men (MSM) and male/female heterosexuals,intra-venous drug users, or patients from other risk groups. The model was calibrated on prevalence and incidence dataobserved in the cohort between 2012 and 2015.Results: On January 1, 2016, 156,811 patients were registered as infected with HIV in France (24,900 undiagnosedpatients) of whom 7938 (5.1%) had detectable HCV-RNA (722 undiagnosed patients). Assuming a treatmentcoverage (TC) rate of 30%/year (i.e., the observed rate in 2015), model projections showed that HCV prevalenceamong HIV patients is expected to drop to 0.81% in 2026. Sub-analyses showed a similar decrease of HIV-HCVprevalence in most risk groups, including LR MSM. Due to higher infection and reinfection rates, predicted prevalencein HR MSM remained stable from 6.96% in 2016 to 6.34% in 2026. Increasing annual TC rate in HR MSM to 50/70%would decrease HCV prevalence in this group to 2.35/1.25% in 2026. With a 30% TC rate, undiagnosed patients wouldaccount for 34% of HCV infections in 2026.Conclusions: Our model suggests that DAA could nearly eliminate coinfection in France within 10 years for most riskgroups, including LR MSM. Elimination in HR MSM will require increased TC.
ISSN: 1741-7015

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
inserm-01685739
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01685739
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01685739/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01685739/file/2017%2C%20Virlogeux%20-%20Modeling%20HIV-HCV%20coinfection.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/s12916-017-0979-1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Background and objectives.[br/] Dairy propionibacteria are isolated from various ecological niches, including soil, grass, silage, rumen, raw milk and dairy plants, showing great adaptability and robustness. Used as ripening starters in Swiss type cheeses, these food grade bacteria are described as nutraceutical producers and they release into the external medium short chain fatty acids (SCFA), folic acid, cobalamin and the bifidogenic 1,4- dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA). These compounds are known to play a pivotal role in the modulation of intestinal physiology through diet. Considering the pro-apoptotic potential of some of these metabolites, we investigated the potential of dairy products fermented by the main species, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, to prevent colon carcinogenesis. Methods.[br/] We developed a new fermented milk. Taking advantage of milk fractions, high and stable populations of P. freudenreichii were obtained in this product. It was tested in vitro on gastric HGT-1 and colic HT-29 cells with respect to the typical hallmarks of apoptosis. In vivo, the fermented milk was evaluated in piglets with respect to general health parameters and in human microbiota-associated rats, treated or not with dimethylhydrazine (DMH), with respect to intestinal proliferation and apoptosis. Results. Fermented milk induced cell death in both gastric and colon cancer cells. Cellular and molecular characterization of cells dying in response to SCFA treatment revealed cell cycle arrest, drop in intracellular ATP, depolarization of mitochondria, translocation of key apoptosis proteins, processing of caspases and fragmentation of the nucleus. Interestingly, the new fermented milk was shown to potentiate the cytotoxic effect of molecules used in cancer chemotherapy. In accordance, it modulated expression of key apoptotic proteins. In vivo, the fermented milk was evaluated in piglets. Daily oral gavage led to high colic P. freudenreichii populations, to modulation of the intestinal microbiota and modulation of intestinal cytokines. Promotion of piglets’ growth also revealed general probiotic effects of fermented milk. Considering that propionibacteria were metabolically active in the intestine, we further investigated their impact on colon carcinogenesis (induced by dimethylhydrazine, DMH) in human microbiota-associated rats. Consumption of selected strains of propionibacteria resulted in enhanced apoptotic depletion of DMH damaged epithelial cells, yet had no effect on neither proliferation nor apoptosis in healthy rats. Conclusions and perspectives.[br/] These results open new perspectives in the field of colon cancer cells prevention and/or treatment. The synergy with pro-apoptotic chemotherapy molecules suggests that such a fermented product may be proposed as a food supplement to enhance the effects of anticancer treatments.
colloque international « Nutrition and Cancer : Hot topics from biology to public health issues »
Paris, France

hal-01190452
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01190452
PRODINRA : 201853

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. The "economically developed countries" life style, including diet, constitutes a risk factor favoring this cancer. Diet modulation may lower digestive cancer incidence. Among promising food components, dairy propionibacteria were shown to trigger apoptosis of human colon cancer cells, via the release of short-chain fatty acids acetate and propionate. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A fermented milk, exclusively fermented by P. freudenreichii, was recently designed. In this work, the pro-apoptotic potential of this new fermented milk was demonstrated on HGT-1 human gastric cancer cells. Fermented milk supernatant induced typical features of apoptosis including chromatin condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies, DNA laddering, cell cycle arrest and emergence of a subG1 population, phosphatidylserine exposure at the plasma membrane outer leaflet, reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption, caspase activation and cytochrome c release. Remarkably, this new fermented milk containing P. freudenreichii enhanced the cytotoxicity of camptothecin, a drug used in gastric cancer chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Such new probiotic fermented milk may thus be useful as part of a preventive diet designed to prevent gastric cancer and/or as a food supplement to potentiate cancer therapeutic treatments.
ISSN: 1932-6203

inserm-00871491
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00871491
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00871491/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00871491/file/Milk_Fermented_by_Propionibacterium_freudenreichii.accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0031892

Éditeur(s) : SPC
Fisheries Newsletter (0248-076X) (SPC), 2011-09 , Vol. 136 , P. 35-45

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00115/22657/20383.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00115/22657/20384.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00115/22657/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Landes Bioscience
Résumé : International audience
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Autophagy

hal-00735751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735751
PUBMED : 22966490

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : absent
1 st International congress cell death in cancer
Saint Malo, France

hal-01209327
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01209327
PRODINRA : 171025

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
3D seismic data located in the Gjallar Ridge (Vøring Basin, offshore Norway) reveals a closely-spaced polygonal fault system affecting more than 800 m of homogeneous mud-dominated Quaternary and Tertiary sequences. As some faults reach the modern seafloor, they represent an active polygonal fault system at present day. Even if the processes remain unclear and are still under debate, it is generally agreed that the initiation of polygonal faults is the result of shallow burial dewatering of fine-grained unconsolidated sediments by volumetric compaction. 3D seismic data are commonly interpreted by propagating horizons automatically and by picking faults manually. However, in the case of polygonal fault intervals, this approach is time consuming due to the huge number of faults and because automatic propagation can be misleading. In this study, we applied a new technique of 3D seismic interpretation based on a sequential stratigraphy analysis, using the new PaleoScan© software (Eliis Company). It allowed us to build a 3D geological model computing more than 300 horizons within the faulted intervals. We then used the coherency attribute, depicting anomalies in the shape of seismic waveform like faults, in order to constrain a possible link between fault distribution and stratigraphic levels. Our approach allows fault throws to be calculated in milliseconds on any polygonal fault plane. The result shows that fault segments have been reactivated by dip-linkage. Distribution of faults depends on mechanical units, intervals characterized by different petrophysical properties, which are independent from lithological and diagenetic changes. According to these results, we propose a model showing the evolution of polygonal fault intervals in which faulting stages are separated by a quiescence phase during burial. A first tier of polygonal faults is initiated at a specific depth, according to the Cam-clay model. Then, following a period of quiescence during which mud-rich sediments continued to accumulate, new fault segments are initiated above the first mechanical unit and within this undeformed interval. New nucleated faults then connect downward to pre-existing underlying polygonal fault system, thus progressively increasing the thickness of the faulted interval.
ISSN: 0025-3227

hal-00772470
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00772470
DOI : 10.1016/j.margeo.2012.07.016

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We have discovered in a marine core, located 20 km east of the Coastal Range of Taiwan at the top of a 1200 m deep submarine high, sheltered from rivers discharges and gravitational flows, a 23 cm-thick anomalous sequence topped with broken bivalves and wood fragments. Based on radiocarbon dating, we distinguish five sub-events within ∼ 100 yrs, about 3000 years ago. The oldest four sub-events are interpreted as the record of local submarine landslides, likely triggered by clustered earthquakes that are common in this tectonically active area. The last event including shells and wood has a different origin. Despite the high level of climatic and tectonic recent activity, no comparable event has been observed at the same site since that time, making it unique during the last 3.75 ka. Hydrodynamical modeling stimulated with a set of submarine landslide-triggered tsunami sources and combined with the regional oceanic circulation dominated by the Kuroshio Current, allow us to better constrain the transport paths of the suspended material, the expected run-up at the coast, and ultimately the trigger and source that best fit our observations. The Kuroshio Current appears as a strong constraint that generally prevents cross-shore transport of suspended material even during a major tsunami. Since the largest aerial debris flow observed along the east coast of Taiwan during the last 4 ka was synchronous with the marine deposit, our preferred scenario starts with the occurrence of four distinct large earthquakes within less than a century, triggering both submarine and aerial landslides in the study area. Then, a giant typhoon reworked the nearshore material as well as the slided material stored upstream resulting in a debris flow. It deeply modified the surface current, allowing the wood debris and shells to fastly reach the core site.
ISSN: 0040-1951

hal-01467640
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467640
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.11.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Session 3: Health & Nutrition/Fat and Salt Reduction
absent
The eighth Cheese symposium
Moorepark, Ireland

hal-01409434
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01409434
PRODINRA : 47217

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Frontiers Media
Résumé : International audience
With global climate change altering marine ecosystems, research on plankton ecology is likely to navigate uncharted seas. Yet, a staggering wealth of new plankton observations, integrated with recent advances in marine ecosystem modelling, may shed light on marine ecosystem structure and functioning. A EuroMarine foresight workshop on the “Impact of climate change on the distribution of plankton functional and phylogenetic diversity” (PlankDiv) identified five grand challenges for future plankton diversity and macroecology research: 1) What can we learn about plankton communities from the new wealth of high-throughput ‘omics’ data? 2) What is the link between plankton diversity and ecosystem function? 3) How can species distribution models be adapted to represent plankton biogeography? 4) How will plankton biogeography be altered due to anthropogenic climate change? and 5) Can a new unifying theory of macroecology be developed based on plankton ecology studies? In this review, we discuss potential future avenues to address these questions, and challenges that need to be tackled along the way.
ISSN: 2296-7745

hal-01545318
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545318
DOI : 10.3389/fmars.2017.00068

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Centre de Biotechnologies de Bretagne
Résumé :  
absent
4th International Symposium Health Molecules & Ingredients : Proceedings, conferences and posters abstracts
Quimper, France

hal-01409415
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01409415
PRODINRA : 40774