Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0003-4975

hal-01563338
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-01563338
DOI : 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.03.093
PUBMED : 27262916

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Paris : Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
Résumé : International audience
The present study aimed to identify the Aetobatus species present in French Polynesia using DNA barcoding. Our study contributesto a better understanding of the distribution of species in the Aetobatus complex, which is necessary for a correct evaluation of the conservation status of the different species.
ISSN: 0399-0974

hal-01325811
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01325811

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Aims: The aims of this study were to compare short-and long-term outcomes for clinical T2N0 oesophageal cancer with analysis of (i) primary surgery (S) versus neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery (NS), (ii) squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma subsets; and (iii) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods: Data were collected from 30 European centres from 2000 to 2010. Among 2944 included patients, 355 patients (12.1%) had cT2N0 disease; 285 (S) and 70 (NS), were compared in terms of short-and long-term outcomes. Propensity score matching analyses were used to compensate for differences in baseline characteristics.Results: No significant differences between the groups were shown in terms of in hospital morbidity and mortality. Nodal disease was observed in 50% of S-group at the time of surgery, with 20% pN2/N3. Utilisation of neoadjuvant therapy was associated with significant tumour downstaging as reflected by increases in pT0, pN0 and pTNM stage 0 disease, this effect was further enhanced with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. After adjustment on propensity score and confounding factors, for all patients and subset analysis of squamous cell and adenocarcinoma, neoadjuvant therapy had no significant effect upon survival or recurrence (overall, loco-regional, distant or mixed) compared to surgery alone. There were no significant differences between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in short-or long-term outcomes.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a surgery alone treatment approach should be recommended as the primary treatment approach for cT2N0 oesophageal cancer despite 50% of patients having nodal disease at the time of surgery.
ISSN: 0959-8049

hal-01666517
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01666517
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.11.024

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The extent of the global human footprint [ 1 ] limits our understanding of what is natural in the marine environment. Remote, near-pristine areas provide some baseline expectations for biomass [ 2, 3 ] and suggest that predators dominate, producing an inverted biomass pyramid. The southern pass of Fakarava atoll—a biosphere reserve in French Polynesia—hosts an average of 600 reef sharks, two to three times the biomass per hectare documented for any other reef shark aggregations [ 4 ]. This huge biomass of predators makes the trophic pyramid inverted. Bioenergetics models indicate that the sharks require ∼90 tons of fish per year, whereas the total fish production in the pass is ∼17 tons per year. Energetic theory shows that such trophic structure is maintained through subsidies [ 5–9 ], and empirical evidence suggests that sharks must engage in wide-ranging foraging excursions to meet energy needs [ 9, 10 ]. We used underwater surveys and acoustic telemetry to assess shark residency in the pass and feeding behavior and used bioenergetics models to understand energy flow. Contrary to previous findings, our results highlight that sharks may overcome low local energy availability by feeding on fish spawning aggregations, which concentrate energy from other local trophic pyramids. Fish spawning aggregations are known to be targeted by sharks, but they were previously believed to play a minor role representing occasional opportunistic supplements. This research demonstrates that fish spawning aggregations can play a significant role in the maintenance of local inverted pyramids in pristine marine areas. Conservation of fish spawning aggregations can help conserve shark populations, especially if combined with shark fishing bans.
ISSN: 0960-9822

hal-01359391
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01359391
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2016.05.058

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oldendorf/Luhe
Résumé : International audience
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being increasingly used in studies of marinefauna. Here, we tested the use of a UAV (DJI Phantom II®) to assess fine-scale variation in densitiesof 2 elasmobranchs (blacktip reef sharks Carcharhinus melanopterus and pink whiprays Himanturafai) on reef systems off Moorea (French Polynesia). We flew parallel transects designed to samplereef habitats (fringing, channel and sandflat habitats) across 2 survey blocks. Block 1 included ashark and ray provisioning site with potentially higher elasmobranch densities, whereas Block 2most likely had lower densities with no provisioning activities. Across 10 survey days in July 2014,we flew 3 transects (400 m) within each survey block (n = 60 total transect passes). As expected,densities (animals ha−1) were significantly higher in Block 1 than in Block 2, particularly where provisioningactivities occur. Differences between habitats surveyed were also found. Our study providesthe first direct estimates of shark and ray densities in coral-reef ecosystems and demonstratesthat UAVs can produce important fishery-independent data for elasmobranchs, particularly inshallow-water habitats.
ISSN: 0171-8630

hal-01416757
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01416757
DOI : 10.3354/meps11945

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Luís Felipe Toledo
Résumé : International audience
Expedition Pakaihi I Te Moana was conducted in 2011 to the Marquesas Islands, lying between 07°50ʹ S and 10°35ʹ S latitude and 138°25ʹ W and 140°50ʹ W longitude. The expedition combined extensive collections and visual censuses of the shore fish fauna. A total of 74 species are added as new records for the Marquesas Islands; the coastal fish fauna of the Marquesas Islands is increased from 415 to 495 species and the number of endemic species is increased from 48 to 68 species. This increases the percentage of species-level endemism for the Marquesas Islands to 13.7%, ranking as the third highest region of endemism for coral reef fishes in the Indo-Pacific. Only two other peripheral regions, the Hawai'ian Islands and Easter Island, have higher values.
ISSN: 1809-127X

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/
hal-01223491
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01223491
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01223491/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01223491/file/12228-51386-1-PB.pdf
DOI : 10.15560/11.5.1758

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD EDP Sciences
Résumé : International audience
This study determined the movements of a Giant Grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus, in which an acoustictag was surgically implanted and monitored by an array of six VR2W acoustic receiver units from August 2010 toJanuary 2013 in the remote, uninhabited Chesterfield Islands, Coral Sea (800 km West of New Caledonia). Our datarevealed a home reef area (residency rate of 44.9%) with an increased activity revealed by movements at dawn anddusk toward and between two adjacent reef passages, probably for foraging. The fish was absent from its residentreef between October and December 2010 and 2012, corresponding to the time known for spawning aggregationsof this species in New Caledonia. A skipped spawning seems to have occurred in 2011. We hope these data will becomplemented in the future by locating the spawning site or sites and thus provide adequate conservation measures.The Coral Sea links two World Heritage Sites, the Australian Great Barrier Reefs and the New Caledonian coral reefs.It would be fitting to create a Marine Protected Area for the Chesterfield Islands between these two major conservationareas of the sea.
ISSN: 0990-7440

hal-01238809
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01238809
DOI : 10.1051/alr/2015006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Royal Society, The
Résumé : International audience
Individuals can play different roles in maintaining connectivity and socialcohesion in animal populations and thereby influence population robustnessto perturbations.We performed a social network analysis in a reef shark populationto assess the vulnerability of the global network to node removal underdifferent scenarios. We found that the network was generally robust to theremoval of nodes with high centrality. The network appeared also highlyrobust to experimental fishing. Individual shark catchability decreased as afunction of experience, as revealed by comparing capture frequency and sitepresence. Altogether, these features suggest that individuals learnt to avoidcapture, which ultimately increased network robustness to experimentalcatch-and-release. Our results also suggest that some caution must be takenwhen using capture–recapture models often used to assess population sizeas assumptions (such as equal probabilities of capture and recapture) maybe violated by individual learning to escape recapture.
EISSN: 1471-2954

hal-01561754
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01561754
DOI : 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0824

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
A better understanding of the key ecological processes of marine organisms is fundamental to improving design and effective implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs) and marine biodiversity. The movement behavior of coral reef fish is a complex mechanism that is highly linked to species life-history traits, predation risk and food resources. We used passive acoustic telemetry to study monthly, daily and hourly movement patterns and space use in two species, Schoolmaster snapper (Lutjanus apodus) and Stoplight parrotfish (Sparisoma viride). We investigated the spatial overlap between the two species and compared intra-specific spatial overlap between day and night. Presence-absence models showed different diel presence and habitat use patterns between the two species. We constructed a spatial network of the movement patterns, which showed that for both species when fish were detected by the array of receivers most movements were made around the coral reef habitat while occasionally moving to silt habitats. Our results show that most individuals made predictable daily crepuscular migrations between different locations and habitat types, although individual behavioral changes were observed for some individuals across time. Our study also highlights the necessity to consider multiple species during MPA implementation and to take into account the specific biological and ecological traits of each species. The low number of fish detected within the receiver array, as well as the intraspecific variability observed in this study, highlight the need to compare results across species and individuals to be used for MPA management.
ISSN: 0141-1136

hal-01169390
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01169390
DOI : 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.06.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Wound healing is important for sharks from the earliest life stages, for example, as the 'umbilical scar' in viviparous species heals, and throughout adulthood, when sharks can incur a range of external injuries from natural and anthropogenic sources. Despite anecdotal accounts of rapid healing in elasmobranchs, data regarding recovery and survival of individuals from different wound or injury types has not been systematically collected. The present study documented: (i) 'umbilical scar' healing in wild-caught, neonatal blacktip reef sharks while being reared for 30 days in flow-through laboratory aquaria in French Polynesia; (ii) survival and recovery of free-swimming blacktip reef sharks in Australia and French Polynesia following a range of injuries; and (iii) long-term survival following suspected shark-finning activities. Laboratory monitoring, tag-recapture records, telemetry data and photo-identification records suggest that blacktip reef sharks have a high capacity to survive and recover from small or even large and severe wounds. Healing rates, recovery and survival are important factors to consider when assessing impacts of habitat degradation and fishing stress on shark populations. The present study suggests that individual survival may depend more on handling practices and physiological stress rather than the extent of physical injury. These observations also contribute to discussions regarding the ethics of tagging practices used in elasmobranch research and provide baseline healing rates that may increase the accuracy in estimating reproductive timing inferred from mating scars and birth dates for neonatal sharks based on umbilical scar healing status. Cite as: Chin A, Mourier J, Rummer JL (2015) Blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) show high capacity for wound healing and recovery following injury. Conserv Physiol 3: doi:10.1093/conphys/cov062.
Conservation physiology

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01250745
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01250745
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01250745/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01250745/file/Conserv%20Physiol-2015-Chin-.pdf
DOI : 10.1093/conphys/cov062