Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD The Company of Biologists
Résumé : International audience
The ability to produce sound has been known for decades inBalistidae. Sounds of many species have been recorded and a varietyof sound-producing mechanisms have been proposed, includingteeth stridulation, collision of the buccal teeth and movements of thefins. The best-supported hypothesis involves movements of thepectoral fin against the lateral part of the swimbladder, called adrumming membrane. In this study, we describe for the first time thesounds made by the blackbar triggerfish Rhinecanthus aculeatus,which are like short drum rolls with an average duration of 85 ms,193 Hz dominant frequency and 136 dB SPL level at 3 cm distance.The sounds are a series of pulses that result from alternate sweepingmovements of the right and left pectoral fins, which push a system ofthree scutes that are forced against the swimbladder wall. Pulses fromeach fin occur in consecutive pairs. High-speed videos indicate thateach pulse consists of two cycles. The first part of each cyclecorresponds to the inward buckling of the scutes, whereas the secondpart of the cycle corresponds to an apparent passive recoil of thescutes and swimbladder wall. This novel sound productionmechanism is probably found in many members of Balistidaebecause these peculiar scutes occur in other species in the family.Comparison of sound characteristics from fishes of different sizesshows that dominant frequency decreases with size in juveniles butnot in adults.KEY WORDS: Acoustic, Communication, Swimbladder
ISSN: 00220949

hal-01472506
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01472506
DOI : 10.1242/jeb.146514

Résumé : Elaboré à la demande du ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’alimentation et de la pêche par l’IFREMER, l’IRD, le MNHN et FranceAgriMer, ce document d’aide à la réflexion a pour objet de donner une base documentaire minimale aux réflexions qui seront conduites au cour des Assises de la pêche. Sans être exhaustif, mais ayant été conçu dans un souci d’objectivité et de transparence, ce document regroupe des données sur l’état des principaux stocks exploités par les pêcheries françaises. Il décrit également les grandes évolutions qu’ont connues les pêches maritimes au cours des dernières décennies, tout en tentant d’offrir une image de la flotte de pêche française actuelle. Enfin, ce document rend également compte des principales données relatives à l’organisation de la filière pêche et au marché des produits de la mer.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00001/11247/7783.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00001/11247/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 1752-0894

hal-01667978
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01667978
DOI : 10.1038/s41561-017-0028-x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Conférence MISTRALS PAELOMEX
Montpellier, France

hal-01683548
https://hal-univ-tlse2.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01683548

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Association for the Advancement of Science
Résumé : International audience
Most eukaryotic organisms are arthropods. Yet, their diversity in rich terrestrial ecosystems is still unknown. Here we produce tangible estimates of the total species richness of arthropods in a tropical rainforest. Using a comprehensive range of structured protocols, we sampled the phylogenetic breadth of arthropod taxa from the soil to the forest canopy in the San Lorenzo forest, Panama. We collected 6144 arthropod species from 0.48 hectare and extrapolated total species richness to larger areas on the basis of competing models. The whole 6000-hectare forest reserve most likely sustains 25,000 arthropod species. Notably, just 1 hectare of rainforest yields >60% of the arthropod biodiversity held in the wider landscape. Models based on plant diversity fitted the accumulated species richness of both herbivore and nonherbivore taxa exceptionally well. This lends credence to global estimates of arthropod biodiversity developed from plant models.
ISSN: 0036-8075

hal-00817285
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00817285
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00817285/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00817285/file/1226727Revisedtext.pdf
DOI : 10.1126/science.1226727

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
EGU General Assembly 2015
Vienne, Austria

hal-01286324
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01286324
BIBCODE : 2015EGUGA..1713337U

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0025-3227

hal-01496242
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01496242
DOI : 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.05.017

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union (EGU)
Résumé : International audience
Pollen and clay mineralogical analyses of a Holocene sequence from Sebkha Boujmel (southern Tunisia) traces the climatic and environmental dynamics in the lower arid bioclimatic zone over the last 8000 years. During the Mid- to Late Holocene transition, between 8 and 3 ka, a succession of five wet/dry oscillations is recorded. An intense arid event occurs between 5.7 and 4.6 ka. This episode marks the onset of a long-term aridification trend with a progressive retreat of Mediterranean woody xerophytic vegetation and of grass steppes. It ends with the establishment of pre-desert ecosystems around 3 ka. The millennial-scale climate change recorded in the data from Sebkha Boujmel is consistent with records from the south and east Mediterranean, as well as with climatic records from the desert region for the end of the African Humid Period (AHP). Eight centennial climatic events are recorded at Sebkha Boujmel and these are contemporary with those recorded in the Mediterranean and in the Sahara. They indicate a clear coupling between the southern Mediterranean and the Sahara before 3 ka. The event at 4.2 ka is not evidenced and the link between events recorded in Sebkha Boujmel and the North Atlantic Cooling events is clearer from 3 ka onwards. These variations indicate the importance of climatic determinism in the structuring of landscapes, with the establishment of the arid climatic conditions of the Late Holocene. It is only from 3 ka onwards that the dynamic of plant associations is modified by both human activity and climatic variability. The climatic episodes identified during the historic period indicate strong regionalisation related to the differential impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) on the Mediterranean basin. The local human impact on regional ecosystems is recorded in the form of episodes of intensification of pastoral and/or agricultural activities. The development of olive production and of several taxa associated with agriculture attest to increasing sedentism among human populations during Classical Antiquity. The significant increase in Artemisia (wormwood) between 1.1 and 0.8 ka (850–1150 AD) is linked to intensive pastoral activity, associated with heightened interannual and/or seasonal climatic instability. A complete re-shaping of the landscape is recorded during the 20th century. The remarkable expansion of the olive tree, and the deterioration of regional ecosystems with the spread of desert species, is linked to recent local socio-economic changes in Tunisia.
ISSN: 1814-9324

hal-01319967
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01319967
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01319967/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01319967/file/cp-12-1339-2016.pdf
DOI : 10.5194/cp-12-1339-2016

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union (EGU)
Résumé : International audience
Holocene climate fluctuations and human activity since the Neolithic have shaped present-day Mediter-ranean environments. Separating anthropogenic effects from climatic impacts to better understand Mediterranean pale-oenvironmental changes over the last millennia remains a challenging issue. High-resolution pollen analyses were un-dertaken on two cores from the Palavasian lagoon system (Hérault, southern France). These records allow reconstruction of vegetation dynamics over the last 4500 years. Results are compared with climatic, historical and archeological archives. A long-term aridification trend is highlighted during the late Holocene, and three superimposed arid events are recorded at 4600–4300, 2800–2400 and 1300–1100 cal BP. These periods of high-frequency climate variability coincide in time with the rapid climatic events observed in the Atlantic Ocean (Bond et al., 2001). From the Bronze Age (4000 cal BP) to the end of the Iron Age (around 2000 cal BP), the spread of sclerophyllous taxa and loss of forest cover result from anthropogenic impact. Classical Antiquity is characterized by a major reforestation event related to the concentration of rural activity and populations in coastal plains leading to forest recovery in the mountains. A major regional deforestation occurred at the beginning of the High Middle Ages. Around 1000 cal BP, forest cover is minimal while the cover of olive, chestnut and walnut expands in relation to increasing human influence. The present-day vegetation dominated by Mediterranean shrubland and pines has been in existence since the beginning of the 20th century.
ISSN: 1814-9324

hal-01447627
https://hal-univ-tlse2.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01447627
https://hal-univ-tlse2.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01447627/document
https://hal-univ-tlse2.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01447627/file/Azuara%20et%20al%202015_cor.pdf
DOI : 10.5194/cp-11-1769-2015

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The Black Rat (Rattus rattus) spread out of Asia to become one of the world's worst agricultural and urban pests, and a reservoir or vector of numerous zoonotic diseases, including the devastating plague. Despite the global scale and inestimable cost of their impacts on both human livelihoods and natural ecosystems, little is known of the global genetic diversity of Black Rats, the timing and directions of their historical dispersals, and the risks associated with contemporary movements. We surveyed mitochondrial DNA of Black Rats collected across their global range as a first step towards obtaining an historical genetic perspective on this socioeconomically important group of rodents. We found a strong phylogeographic pattern with well-differentiated lineages of Black Rats native to South Asia, the Himalayan region, southern Indochina, and northern Indochina to East Asia, and a diversification that probably commenced in the early Middle Pleistocene. We also identified two other currently recognised species of Rattus as potential derivatives of a paraphyletic R.rattus. Three of the four phylogenetic lineage units within R. rattus show clear genetic signatures of major population expansion in prehistoric times, and the distribution of particular haplogroups mirrors archaeologically and historically documented patterns of human dispersal and trade. Commensalism clearly arose multiple times in R. Rattus and in widely separated geographic regions, and this may account for apparent regionalism in their associated pathogens. Our findings represent an important step towards deeper understanding the complex and influential relationship that has developed between Black Rats and humans, and invite a thorough re-examination of host-pathogen associations among Black Rats.
PLoS ONE

ird-00714383
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00714383
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00714383/document
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0026357
IRD : fdi:010055548

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0166-445X

hal-01679436
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01679436
DOI : 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 1752-0894

hal-01668923
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01668923
DOI : 10.1038/s41561-017-0028-x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Ethnopharmacological relevancePsidium acutangulum Mart. ex DC is a small tree used by the Wayana Amerindians from the Upper-Maroni in French Guiana for the treatment of malaria.Aim of the studyIn a previous study, we highlighted the in vitro antiplasmodial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the traditional decoction of P. acutangulum aerial parts. Our goal was then to investigate on the origin of the biological activity of the traditional remedy, and eventually characterize active constituents.Materials and methodsLiquid-liquid extractions were performed on the decoction, and the antiplasmodial activity evaluated against chloroquine-resistant FcB1 ([3H]-hypoxanthine bioassay) and 7G8 (pLDH bioassay) P. falciparum strains, and on a chloroquine sensitive NF54 ([3H]-hypoxanthine bioassay) P. falciparum strain. The ethyl acetate fraction (D) was active and underwent bioguided fractionation. All the isolated compounds were tested on P. falciparum FcB1 strain. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα) of the ethyl acetate fraction and of an anti-Plasmodium active compound, was concurrently assessed on LPS-stimulated human PBMC and NO secretion inhibition was measured on LPS stimulated RAW murine macrophages. Cytotoxicity of the fractions and pure compounds was measured on VERO cells, L6 mammalian cells, PBMCs, and RAW cells.ResultsFractionation of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction (IC50 ranging from 3.4 to <1 µg/mL depending on the parasite strain) led to the isolation of six pure compounds: catechin and five glycosylated quercetin derivatives. These compounds have never been isolated from this plant species. Two of these compounds (wayanin and guaijaverin) were found to be moderately active against P. falciparum FcB1 in vitro (IC50 5.5 and 6.9 µM respectively). We proposed the name wayanin during public meetings organized in June 2015 in the Upper-Maroni villages, in homage to the medicinal knowledge of the Wayana population. At 50 µg/mL, the ethyl acetate fraction (D) significantly inhibited IL-1β secretion (−46%) and NO production (−21%), as previously observed for the decoction. The effects of D and guiajaverin (4) on the secretion of other cytokines or NO production were not significant.ConclusionsThe confirmed antiplasmodial activity of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the decoction and of the isolated compounds support the previous results obtained on the P. acutangulum decoction. The antiplasmodial activity might be due to a mixture of moderately active non-toxic flavonoids. The anti-inflammatory activities were less marked for ethyl acetate fraction (D) than for the decoction.
ISSN: 0378-8741

hal-01313006
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01313006
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01313006/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01313006/file/Houel_Wayanin_and.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.053

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : In southern Corsica, three successive Upper Burdigalian coral reef episodes (R1, R2 subdivided into R2A and R2B subunits, and R3) developed within the Cala di Labra Formation. Tabular corals dominated under high water energy and siliciclastic input conditions. The R1 reefs show the highest coral diversity with 16 species described for the first time. A coral impoverishment was recorded in the R2 and R3 reefal episodes. The reefs did not reach a climax growth stage, except the R1 ones. Analogous to North Sardinian reefs, they reflect local vanishing conditions in the Corsican-Sardinian block through Upper Burdigalian because of constant siliciclastic inputs and deepening of the Bonifacio straight.
ISSN: 1631-0713

hal-01054332
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01054332
DOI : 10.1016/j.crte.2014.02.003

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
The New Jersey continental shelf extends 150 km off the shoreline. During IODP Expedition 313, siliciclastic deposits of late Eocene to late Pleistocene age were drilled down to 631, 669 and 755 m below seafloor at sites 27A, 28A and 29A respectively in very shallow waters (33.5 to 36 m depth). Pore water salinities display multilayered brackish-salty-brine units 10 to 170 m thick, where low-salinity water is preferentially stored in fine-grained sediments. The sharp boundaries of these buried aquifers are often marked by cemented layers a few centimetres thick. The mineralogy and scanning electron microscope observations of these layers show two phases of cementation by authigenic minerals: (1) the early carbonate cement is frequently associated with pyrite, and (2) the late silicate cement infills the residual porosity. The isotopic compositions of the carbonate cements vary widely: −2.4 < δ¹⁸O ‰ VPDB < +2.8; −15.1 < δ¹³C ‰ VPDB < +15.6. The δ¹⁸O values indicate that the carbonate cements precipitated with pore waters comprising variable mixtures of seawater and ¹⁸O-depleted fresh water originating from submarine groundwater discharge. The δ¹³C values of the carbonate cements are related to organic matter diagenesis, providing ¹³C-depleted dissolved inorganic carbon during bacterial sulphate reduction and anaerobic oxidation of methane, and ¹³C-rich dissolved inorganic carbon during methanogenesis. The diagenetic cementation processes included chemical weathering of reactive silicate minerals by the CO²-rich pore waters issued from organic matter diagenesis that released bicarbonate, cations and dissolved silica, which were further precipitated as carbonate and silicate cements. The estimated range of temperature (18±4 °C) during carbonate precipitation is consistent with carbonate cementation at moderate burial depths; however, silicate cementation occurred later during diagenesis at deeper burial depths.
ISSN: 0276-0460

hal-01559985
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01559985
DOI : 10.1007/s00367-017-0506-6

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
A new genus and species of deep-sea eelpout (Zoarcidae), Barbapellis pterygalces, is herein described from a single adult female specimen carrying eggs and measuring 204 mm in total length. It was collected on the eastern Antarctic continental slope, off Terre Ad,lie, at ca. 1,200 m depth, on muddy bottom. Barbapellis is placed in the subfamily Gymnelinae and can be distinguished from all other genera by morphological characters unusual in zoarcids as well as by molecular barcoding. The genus is characterized by the presence of a complex system of cephalic skin crests and flaps, especially well developed around the mouth. A new terminology is proposed for the eleven crests and sevenfolds described. The skin folds may be used for foraging on muddy sea bottoms. The genus is also characterized by large, flexible, and highly palmate pectoral fins. The designation of the new genus is discussed.
ISSN: 0722-4060

hal-01544913
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01544913
DOI : 10.1007/s00300-011-1057-3

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
International statistical ecology conference 2014
Montpellier, France

hal-01503286
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01503286

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : Growth defense tradeoff theory predicts that plants in low-resource habitats invest more energy in defense mechanisms against natural enemies than growth, whereas plants in high-resource habitats can afford higher leaf loss rates. A less-studied defense against herbivores involves the synchrony of leaf production, which can be an effective defense strategy if leaf biomass production exceeds the capacity of consumption by insects. The aim of this study was to determine whether leaf synchrony varied across habitats with different available resources and whether insects were able to track young leaf production among tree habitat specialists in a tropical forest of French Guiana. We predicted that high-resource habitats would exhibit more synchrony in leaf production due to the low cost and investment to replace leaf tissue. We also expected closer patterns of leaf synchrony and herbivory within related species, assuming that they shared herbivores. We simultaneously monitored leaf production and herbivory rates of five pairs of tree species, each composed of a specialist of terra firme or white-sand forests within the same lineage. Our prediction was not supported by the strong interaction of habitat and lineage for leaf synchrony within individuals of the same species; although habitat specialists differed in leaf synchrony within four of five lineages, the direction of the effect was variable. All species showed short time lags for the correlation between leaf production and herbivory, suggesting that insects are tightly tracking leaf production, especially for the most synchronous species. Leaf synchrony may provide an important escape defense against herbivores, and its expression appears to be constrained by both evolutionary history and environmental factors.
ISSN: 1385-0237

hal-01204221
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204221
DOI : 10.1007/s11258-013-0290-y
PRODINRA : 288500

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Quelques 70 spécimens de gorgones et alcyoninés (Octocoralliaires, Alcyonacea) ontrécemment été expertisés au Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Nice et constituent une collectionhétéroclite mais désormais référencée, riche de 25 espèces. Les spécimens conservés à sec ou en fluideproviennent surtout de Méditerranée mais également de contrées exotiques lointaines. Les dépôts ou acquisdu Muséum s’échelonnent dans le temps et sont liés à divers contextes. Au-delà de l’intérêt scientifiquerelativement limité de la collection, en raison de la pauvreté des informations attachées aux vieuxspécimens, les valeurs historiques et patrimoniales sont mises ici en exergue à travers l’étude des histoires privées ou collectives qui accompagnent chaque objet. La révision de la collection motive donc une rétrospective de l’épopée de la connaissance des gorgones de Méditerranée depuis l’avènement de l’histoire naturelle jusqu’aux sciences prédictives modernes. La valorisation de la collection que permet le Muséum de Nice est une belle opportunité qui cristallise et interroge les relations entre l’humain et ces créatures marines énigmatiques.
ISSN: 0336-4917

hal-01325843
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01325843

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We report trace element concentrations of silicate phases in chondrules from LL3 ordinary chondrites Bishunpur and Semarkona. Results are similar to previously reported data for carbonaceous chondrites, with rare earth element (REE) concentrations increasing in the sequence olivine < pyroxene < mesostasis, and heavy REE (HREE) being enriched by 1–2 orders of magnitude (CI-normalized) relative to light REE (LREE) in ferromagnesian silicates, although no single olivine with very large LREE/HREE fractionation has been found. On average, olivine in type II chondrules is poorer in refractory lithophile incompatible elements (such as REE) than its type I counterpart by a factor of ∼2. This suggests that olivine in type I and II chondrules formed by batch and fractional crystallization, respectively, implying that type II chondrules formed under faster cooling rates (>∼10 K/h) than type I chondrules. Appreciable Na concentrations (3–221 ppm) are measured in olivine from both chondrule types; type II chondrules seem to have behaved as closed systems, which may require chondrule formation in the vicinity of protoplanets or planetesimals. At any rate, higher solid concentrations in type II chondrule forming regions may explain the higher oxygen fugacities they record compared to type I chondrules. Type I and type II chondrules formed in different environments and the correlation between high solid concentrations and/or oxygen fugacities with rapid cooling rates is a key constraint that chondrule formation models must account for.
ISSN: 0016-7037

hal-01174084
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174084
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.005