Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles AREBio Groupe de recherche BIOSPHERES : BIOlogie, Sciences Physiques & Humaines pour les énergies Renouvelables, l
Extrait de : 1er colloque international BIOSPHERES, du 18 au 20 juin 2019. Université des Antilles
Description : The Chemical Purification, analysis and Screening core laboratories (CPAS) are located at the University of South Florida campus in Tampa. This core offers instrumentation and expertise in fractionation, purification, and various chemical analyses to support synthetic and natural products drug discovery research groups. Our main equipment are dedicated to chromatographic separation and purification (MPLC, HPLC) and mass-spectrometry for analytic detection, quantification and identification (LC-MS SQ, QqQ and QToF). The CPAS services also include Circular Dichroism spectrometry, general spectroscopic characterization (UV, FTIR), lyophilization (bench top and high capacity freeze-dryers), synthesis (microwave reactor), ADME screening (permeability and drug solubility testing), and high-throughput screening development capability (automated liquid handler and multimode plate reader). An example of three significant studies will be presented at the conference to illustrate the CPAS core facility services: 1) Identification of new bioactive compounds from mangrove endophytic fungi as potential alternatives to malaria drug resistance, 2) Myricanol isolated from Bayberry (Myrica Cerifera) and its synthetic derivatives targeting the microtubuleassociated protein tau accumulation in the Alzheimer's disease and 3) New ent-labdane diterpenes with solid tumor cell lines antiproliferative properties from the endemic plant Eupatorium obtusissmum from the island of Hispaniola. The core provides research lab training workshops in advanced technology and assistance so users can operate any instruments available in the laboratories to successfully accomplish their analyses and research projects.

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V19063
V19063

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The emerging orbicular batfish (Platax orbicularis) aquaculture is the most important fish aquacultureindustry in French Polynesia. However, bacterial infections are causing severe mortality episodes.Therefore, there is an urgent need to find an effective management solution. Besides the supplyingdifficulty and high costs of veterinary drugs in French Polynesia, batfish aquaculture takes place close tothe coral reef, where use of synthetic persistent drugs should be restricted. Medicinal plants andbioactive algae are emerging as a cheaper and more sustainable alternative to chemical drugs. We havestudied the effect of local Polynesian plants and the local opportunistic algae Asparagopsis taxiformis onbatfish when orally administered. Weight gain and expression of two immune-related genes (lysozyme ge Lys G and transforming growth factor beta - TGF-b1) were studied to analyze immunostimulant activityof plants on P. orbicularis. Results showed that several plants increased Lys G and TGF-b1 expressionon orbicular batfish after 2 and 3 weeks of oral administration. A. taxiformis was the plant displaying themost promising results, promoting a weight gain of 24% after 3 weeks of oral administration andsignificantly increasing the relative amount of both Lys G and TGF-b1 transcripts in kidney and spleen ofP. orbicularis.
ISSN: 1050-4648

hal-01381334
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01381334
DOI : 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.011

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde
Résumé : International audience
This study examined whether the antidermatophytic activity of essential oils (EOs) can be used as an indicator for the discovery of active natural products against Leishmania amazonensis. The aerial parts of seven plants were hydro-distilled. Using broth microdilution techniques, the obtained EOs were tested against three strains of dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum and Microsporum canis). To compare the EOs antifungal and antiparasitic effects, the EOs activities against axenic amastigotes of L. amazonensis were concurrently evaluated. For the most promising EOs, their antileishmanial activities against parasites infecting peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice were measured. The most interesting antifungal candidates were the EOs from Cymbopogon citratus, Otacanthus azureus and Protium heptaphyllum, whereas O. azureus, Piper hispidum and P. heptaphyllum EOs exhibited the lowest 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50) values against axenic amastigotes, thus revealing a certain correspondence between both activities. The P. hispidum EO was identified as the most promising product in the results from the infected macrophages model (IC 50 : 4.7 µg/mL, safety index: 8). The most abundant compounds found in this EO were sesquiter-penes, notably curzerene and furanodiene. Eventually, the evaluation of the antidermatophytic activity of EOs appears to be an efficient method for identifying new potential drugs for the treatment of L. amazonensis.
ISSN: 0074-0276

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01230471
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01230471
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01230471/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01230471/file/0074-0276-mioc-0140332.pdf
DOI : 10.1590/0074-02760140332

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected disease with a high incidence in French Guiana, mainly in the middle and upper Oyapock basin, where Amerindian and some Brazilian people live. The main goals of this work were (i) to assess the knowledge about leishmaniasis in the different populations of the middle and upper Oyapock basin, (ii) to study the therapeutic strategies adopted by people affected by leishmaniasis and (iii) to document the use of phytotherapeutic remedies for leishmaniasis. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (K.A.P.) related to this disease and its treatments have been studied according to cultural group and geographical settlement. Within the Wayãpi group, the evolution of the knowledge of phytoremedies over the last 20 years has been characterised by literature-based comparisons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 144 questionnaires were administered in all the villages of the upper Oyapock and Camopi basins. Correspondence analyses were used for multivariate analysis. Plant species were identified at the Cayenne Herbarium (CAY). RESULTS: The biomedical concept of leishmaniasis correlates well with the Teko and Wayãpi concepts of kalasapa and kalasapau. Although the vector of this disease was not correctly identified, the most commonly cited aetiology (74.5%) was vector-borne, and related epidemiological schemes correlate well with the one encountered in French Guiana. Theoretically and practically, health centres were the most commonly used resource for diagnostic in instances of leishmaniasis infection (65.9%), independently of the patient's cultural group, along with the use of pharmaceutical drugs (85.3%). Pharmaceuticals were commonly utilised despite the frequent (51.5%) use of phytotherapeutic remedies, alone or in combination with drugs. The most cited medicinal plant species for the treatment of leishmaniasis included Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. (Iridaceae, cited 14 times), Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Arecaceae, 9), Cecropia obtusa Trecul (Cecropiaceae, 8), Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae, 7), Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (Bombacaceae, 6) and Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae, 6). Multiple correspondence analyses demonstrated that the species used in leishmaniasis remedies are more prone to vary by the user's place of residence than by their cultural origin, which indicates that exchange of knowledge about leishmaniasis remedies has occurred across different cultural groups. Literature-based comparisons between the remedies for leishmaniasis used by the Wayãpi during the 1980s showed a striking evolution, both in terms of diversity of species and number of plants used. The large number of species shared with other Guianese groups argues for intercultural exchange and may explain the majority (57.1%) of the newly used species highlighted in our study. CONCLUSIONS: Leishmaniasis is a well-known disease in the studied area. Phytotherapeutic treatments are still in use, although they are not the main source of remedies, and should undergo pharmacological studies to evaluate their potential therapeutic value.
ISSN: 0378-8741

pasteur-00634597
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00634597
DOI : 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.044
PUBMED : 21816216

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Ethnopharmacological relevance: Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis are neglected tropical diseases that occur in all intertropical regions of the world. Amazonian populations have developed an abundant knowledge of the disease and its remedies. Therefore, we undertook to review traditional antileishmanial plants in Amazonia and have developed new tools to analyze this somewhat dispersed information.Material and methods: A literature review of traditional remedies for cutaneous/mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon was conducted and the data obtained was used to calculate distribution indexes designed to highlight the most relevant uses in Amazonia. The cultural distribution index represents the distribution rate of a given taxon among different cultural groups and was calculated as the ratio of the number of groups using the taxon to the total number of groups cited. The geographical distribution index allowed us to quantify spatial distribution of a taxon's uses in Amazonia and was calculated geometrically by measuring the average distance between the points where uses have been reported and the barycenter of those points. The general distribution index was defined as an arithmetic combination of the previous two and provides information on both cultural and spatial criteria.Results: 475 use reports, concerning 291 botanical species belonging to 83 families have been gathered depicted from 29 sources. Uses concern 34 cultural groups. While the use of some taxa appears to be Pan Amazonian, some others are clearly restricted to small geographical regions. Particular attention has been paid to the recipes and beliefs surrounding treatments. Topical application of the remedies dominated the other means of administration and this deserves particular attention as the main treatments against Neotropical leishmaniasis are painful systemic injections. The data set was analyzed using the previously defined distribution indexes and the most relevant taxa were further discussed from a phytochemical and pharmacological point of view.Conclusions: The Amazonian biodiversity and cultural heritage host a fantastic amount of data whose systematic investigation should allow a better large-scale understanding of the dynamics of traditional therapies and the consequent discovery of therapeutic solutions for neglected diseases. Distribution indices are indeed powerful tools for emphasizing the most relevant treatments against a given disease and should be very useful in the meta-analysis of other regional pharmacopeia. This focus on renowned remedies that have not yet benefitted from extended laboratory studies, could stimulate future research on new treatments of natural origin for leishmaniasis.
ISSN: 0378-8741

hal-01603285
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01603285
DOI : 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.048
PRODINRA : 401890