Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Installation and maintenance of FADs by the Government of Guam began in 1979, initially with funding from the Salstonstall-Kennedy Act through the Pacific Tuna Development Foundation. Current funding for the Guam FAD project is provided through the Dingell-Johnson/Wallop-Breaux Sport Fish Restoration programme, a Federal Aid Project funded by taxes collected on the purchase of fishing equipment and motorboat fuels nationwide. There are now sixteen operational FAD sites in Guam's waters. At a cost of approximately US$10,000 per system, concern for the rising costs of replacing and maintaining FAD systems has prompted the Department of Agriculture's Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources (DAWR) to investigate alternative FAD maintenance strategies and system design. Several cost-cutting measures being considered include the use of reliable solar-powered navigation lights to reduce the number of maintenance trips required, and switching to a newer generation of lighter, more durable buoys and mooring systems. Average time on station for a dawr fad system is nearing two years. Interestingly, in most cases where an errant system is recovered, the failure in the mooring system was observed to occur at a depth from 35 to 500 metres. These observations have led to speculation that additional protection of the mooring line down to 500 m may result in doubling the average time on station of most FAD systems.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15324/12650.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15324/

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Le Bénin, pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest est confronté à la destruction des terres humides particulièrement dans la partie sud du pays. Les terres humides riches biodiversité sont importantes tant pour les humains que pour milieu naturel. La menace la plus importante est la pression de l’anthropique. Même si ce territoire est reconnu par la Convention Ramsar, la destruction continue. En 1995 le gouvernement a décidé de créer une aire de gestion communautaire pour ces territoires. L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre les grands défis liés à la mise en œuvre de la gestion communautaire des milieux humides à travers une étude de cas, en l’occurrence celui de la vallée du Sitatunga. Pour atteindre cet objectif, un séjour de 3 mois a été effectué sur le site. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été alors réalisées. Les résultats montrent que la vallée du Sitatunga est considérée comme inutile, voire nuisible, par les populations riveraines rencontrées dans le cadre de l’étude, qui sont davantage préoccupées à se sortir de leur état de pauvreté. Les traditions et valeurs autrefois attribuées à la conservation des milieux humides ont quasiment disparu et l’individualisme est grandissant. Il importe de tenir compte de tous ces facteurs pour espérer véritablement préserver ces milieux. D’un autre côté, parlant de gestion de l’environnement et plus particulièrement de gestion des milieux humides à l’échelle béninoise, le constat n’est pas reluisant. En effet, l’État étant donné son état de sous-développement et donc de manque de ressources, à du mal à coordonner ces activités. Il est de même pour les ONG. La situation est accentuée par l’état des relations entre ONG et structures de l’État qui se considèrent davantage comme des adversaires que comme des partenaires ce qui affecte l’efficacité des activités menées. Pour que la gestion communautaire devienne une réalité, il importe qu’un partenariat soit établi entre les différents acteurs liés à la gestion de la vallée du Sitatunga en particulier et des milieux humides en général : les ONG, l’État et les communautés locales.
Bénin, a country in West Africa is actually facing the destruction of its wetlands, especially those in the southern part of the country. The wetlands which their richness in natural resources are important for both human and wildlife are also threatened by many factors. The most important threat is population pressure. Although recognised as Ramsar sites, the destruction continues. In 1995, the Government has decided to create community protected areas in this part of the country. The objective of this research is to understand the main challenges around the community management of wetlands. The case of the Sitatunga valley, in south Bénin has been studied. The methodology used consisted on interviews with stakeholders during a period of 3 months. The results show that, although the good intentions of community management, its practical application is not easy, and reveal many difficulties in its practical application. The site although rich in biodiversity and used as refuge for several species, is regarded as useless even harmful by the bordering populations, which are more worried by their poverty state. The traditions and values formerly allotted to the wetlands almost disappeared and individualism is growing. It is important to take into account all these factors to truly hope to preserve these wetlands. The study shows that management of the wetlands on a Beninese scale is also difficult. Indeed, the government through its structures struggles to coordinate its activities. It is the same for NGOs. The situation is accentuated by the poor relations between NGOs and government institutions which consider each other more as adversaries than as partners. This affects the effectiveness of the undertaken activities. It is then important for all the stakeholders (NGOs, Government and local communities) to install a partnership to help achieve community management objectives.
Bénin

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.3630
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/3630

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley/Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
Marine fishes exhibit spectacular phenotypic changes during their ontogeny, and the identification of their early stages is challenging due to the paucity of diagnostic morphological characters at the species level. Meanwhile, the importance of early life stages in dispersal and connectivity has recently experienced an increasing interest in conservation programmes for coral reef fishes. This study aims at assessing the effectiveness of DNA barcoding for the automated identification of coral reef fish larvae through large-scale ecosystemic sampling. Fish larvae were mainly collected using bongo nets and light traps around Moorea between September 2008 and August 2010 in 10 sites distributed in open waters. Fish larvae ranged from 2 to 100 mm of total length, with the most abundant individuals being <5 mm. Among the 505 individuals DNA barcoded, 373 larvae (i.e. 75%) were identified to the species level. A total of 106 species were detected, among which 11 corresponded to pelagic and bathypelagic species, while 95 corresponded to species observed at the adult stage on neighbouring reefs. This study highlights the benefits and pitfalls of using standardized molecular systems for species identification and illustrates the new possibilities enabled by DNA barcoding for future work on coral reef fish larval ecology.
ISSN: 1755-098X

hal-01342973
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01342973
DOI : 10.1111/1755-0998.12293

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : The tropical coast of Queensland, Australia is experiencing rapid population and tourism growth. Heavy development pressure is being placed on the biophysical environment, which includes the largest sand island in the world (World Heritage listed), Fraser Island. Despite the existence of State planning legislation oriented towards environmental sustainability, it is apparent that little, if any, regard is being paid to the long-term effects of resort and canal-estate development on the underlying biophysical environment of the coast and islands. While the remarkable surface features of the tropical coastal environment such as the surf beaches, the unique dune lakes, and the coastal vegetation, as well as the prolific wildlife, are used as selling points for new settlement and above all tourism, little is known or apparently of major concern with respect to the long term environmental impact of coastal development. While the crowding effect of large numbers of visitors and their impact on the natural environment - through significant degradation, site hardening or lack of proper on-site management – has been identified as a particular problem in certain areas, there is little knowledge of impacts on the underlying coastal geomorphology. In particular, developmental choices are often made in ignorance of, or disregard of, the widespread existence of tropical acid sulfate soils in that coastal environment. Reactive soils such as these can, and do, greatly affect the biophysical outcomes of a development if they are exposed. This paper documents such impacts in the form of a case study of the acid sulfate soil problem in relation to the development of tourist resorts, and suggests that part of the solution is for the State Government to insist on enforceable standards relating to their development for tourism in the coastal zone. These would reduce the use by many resort owners of fancy golf course developments as an environmental cover up to make it look as if they put a lot of effort into protecting the environment….
La côte tropicale du Queensland est confrontée à un accroissement rapide de la population. Les fortes pressions anthropiques pèsent sur le milieu biophysique, qui comprend notamment a plus grande île de sable du monde, un site classé Patrimoine de l’Humanité, Port Hinchinbrook et Fraser Island. Malgré l’existence d’une législation nationale orientée vers la préservation de l’environnement, il est manifeste que peu d’attention est accordée aux effets à long terme des sites touristiques et du développement de l’urbanisation sur ces franges côtières sensibles. L’aspect massif des flux de visiteurs et leurs impacts sur le milieu naturel a été identifié comme un sujet d’inquiétude particulier dans certaines régions. La connaissance des impacts sur la géomorphologie côtière souterraine est très réduite et les choix de développement sont souvent faits dans l’ignorance ou au mépris de la présence répandue de terrains de sulfate d’acide dans ce milieu côtier. Des sols réactifs comme ceux-là peuvent affecter, et affectent, grandement les résultats géophysiques d’un développement lorsqu’ils sont connus. Des études de cas sur le problème des sols de sulfate d’acide suggèrent qu’une partie de la solution pour le gouvernement de l’Etat du Queensland est d’imposer des normes obligatoires pour le développement du tourisme dans la zone côtière.
Australie
Queensland

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.1272
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/1272