Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
In the foreground are archaeologist Ripley Pierce Bullen and his wife, bioanthropologist Adelaide Kendall Bullen. Ripley Bullen was the curator emeritus at the Florida State Museum, currently the Florida Museum of Natural History, at the University of Florida. Adelaide Bullen was the Research Associate in Anthropology at the Florida State Museum. In the background of the restaurant is a painting of a Bahamian market scene which includes fruit, fish, straw vendors, shoppers, a police officer, and surrey carriage. Slide labeled Bullens at Nassau Restaurant, April '65.
Bahamas -- North America -- New Providence Island

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 17:18
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00029537/00001

Éditeur(s) : Sage Publications
Résumé : It is becoming increasingly clear that humans impact marine ecosystems and their biodiversity to a very considerate degree, and evidence of the scale of impact is growing. An enabling factor for this has been a change in focus from local-level studies to increased emphasis on meta-analysis of global or regional-level analysis of fisheries' impact, Results include the facts that the world's total fish catches have been decreasing over the last decade or more; that larger, predatory fishes (table fish) are becoming increasingly scarcer; and that we are appropriating the ocean shelves' primary productivity to the same level as we are for terrestrial ecosystems. Ecosystems are being eroded in countries throughout the world, and though one might get the impression from the IUCN Red List that it is mainly a developed-country problem, it is alarming that the impact of severe overfishing may be on an even larger scale for developing countries. We describe aspects of the risks overfishing poses to marine ecosystems, and point out how ecosystem approaches to fisheries can be used to evaluate the potential impact of alternative fishing policy scenarios.
Il devient de plus en plus clair que les activités humaines altèrent les écosystèmes marins et leur biodiversité à un degré considérable, et les preures de l'échelle des impacts anthropiques s'accumulent. Un des facteurs déterminants de cette prise de conscience réside dans le changement d'échelle des études de l'impact des pêches qui sont passées d'un niveau local à un niveau global ou régional au travers d'études de type méta-analyse. Les résultats obtenus les plus évocateurs incluent le fait que la totalité des captures mondiales de poissons a diminué pendant la dernière décennie ou plus; que les grands prédateurs (l'essentiel des poissons "de table") deviennent de plus en plus rares; et que nous nous approprions la productivité primaire des plateaux continentaux au même titre que nous nous sommes appropriés celle des écosystèmes terrestres. Les écosystèmes sont érodés dans les pays du monde entier, et bien que la liste rouge de l'IUCN laisse penser que c'est principalement le problème des pays développés, il est alarmant de constater que l'impact de la surpêche excessive pourrait être une échelle bien plus grande encore pour les pays en voie de développement. Nous décrivons certains aspects des risques que pose la surpêche pour les écosystèmes marins, et mettons en exergue comment l'approche écosystémique des pêches peut être employée pour évaluer l'impact potentiel de scénarios alternatifs de règlementation des pêches.
Social Science Information (0539-0184) (Sage Publications), 2007-03 , Vol. 46 , N. 1 , P. 67-86

Droits : 2007 Sage Publications
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-6123.pdf
DOI:10.1177/0539018407073656
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6123/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : French Polynesia started it's Fish Aggregating Device programme in June 1981 with the positioning of the first buoy offshore of the main island of Tahiti. Since then, 251 structures have been installed throughout the 5 archipelagoes of this French overseas territory. The shape and size of the devices have evolved 8 times over this period, however, a single model has not yet been adopted. Trials are currently underway using lighter structures similar to those found in the Indian Ocean. The anchoring lines have progressively been modified through better knowledge of material and product availability, as well as better understanding of environmental constraints. The programme is entirely financed by the territorial government and managed by the public sector. This ongoing technical assistance, aimed towards the local small-scale coastal fishery, is considered an important factor to maintaining this activity alive. Up until 1997, this economical support policy of outer island populations far from the metropolis central town, along with incidental fishing methods around FADs, have given mitigated results without nevertheless putting into cause this programme. The use of 'drifting handlines' retained at the surface by small indicator floats are one of the contributing factors to the degradation of the anchor lines. It is now commonly accepted that a new fishing strategy must be adopted so that professional coastal fishermen become more aware with regards to an expensive work tool due to local bathymetric conditions, so that fishing effort is increased through the development of better adapted fishing techniques, and finally so that community spirit rules over individualism.Original Abstract: Le programme d'ancrage de DCP en Polynesie francaise a vu le jour en juin 1981 avec l'implantation d'un premier dispositif au large des cotes de Tahiti. Depuis cette date, ce sont 251 structures qui ont ete installees dans les cinq archipels de ce pays d'outre-mer. La forme et la taille des bouees ont evolue huit fois sans etre definitivement arretees a un seul modele et des essais sur des structures legeres de type " Ocean Indien " sont en cours. Les lignes d'ancrage ont fait l'objet de modifications progressives en raison de meilleures connaissances des produits ainsi que des contraintes du milieu environnant. Ce programme est finance en totalite par le territoire de la Polynesie francaise et gere par le secteur public. Il s'adresse a la pecherie artisanale et cotiere qui considere depuis de nombreuses annees cette assistance technique comme un atout indispensable au maintien de son activite. La politique d'engagement de ce soutien economique jusqu'en 1997 aupres des populations d'iles et atolls tres eloignes de la capitale ainsi que l'incidence de la technique de peche la plus repandue autour des DCP ont abouti a des resultats mitiges sans pour autant remettre en cause ce programme. En effet, les lignes a main derivantes et retenues en surface par une petite bouee temoin sont un des principaux facteurs de degradation des lignes d'ancrage. Il est desormais reconnu par tous les intervenants qu'une nouvelle strategie doit etre deployee afin que les pecheurs cotiers professionnels soient mieux responsabilises face a un outil de travail onereux en raison de la bathymetrie environnante, pour que l'effort de peche soit accru par l'utilisation de techniques de peche mieux adaptees, et enfin que l'esprit communautaire prime sur l'individualisme.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15292/12649.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15292/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : In order to provide reliable scientific advice and support for fisheries management, it is necessary to evaluate the biological and economic sustainability of complex fisheries, such as multi-species multi-fleet fisheries. Existing policy-screening modelling tools are not fully suitable in this purpose due to either an over-simplified description of population dynamics, or due to the lack of consideration of economic aspects. In this paper, we present a package that enables quantitative bioeconomic assessment of management scenarios. Population dynamics is described through spatially- and seasonally-explicit models. Exploitation dynamics is characterized by several fishing activities with specific spatial and seasonal features, and practiced by several kinds of vessels with specific technical characteristics. Exploitation costs and revenues are considered at several levels: the fishing trip, the fishing unit (vessel and crew), and the vessel owner. The model is generic and can be used for different types of fisheries. A database is attached to the software for the storage and updating of information for each fishery. This includes the specification of model dimensions and of the parameters describing populations and exploitation. Several model assumptions regarding either population or exploitation may be adapted to suit a specific fishery. Both policies and corresponding fishers' response may be interactively specified through JAVA (TM) scripts. This version of ISIS-Fish allows for the calculation of biological and economic consequences of a range of policies, including conventional ones like catch and effort controls, and alternative policies such as marine protected areas. To facilitate policy-screening in a high-dimension parameter space, the software includes features, like interfaces for sensitivity analysis and simulation queues. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ecological Modelling (0304-3800) (Elsevier), 2009-04 , Vol. 220 , N. 7 , P. 1013-1033

Droits : 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6782.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.007
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6782/

Éditeur(s) : Blackwell science
Résumé : This paper deals with the design of modelling tools suitable for investigating the consequences of alternative policies on the dynamics of resources and fisheries, such as the evaluation of marine protected areas (MPA). We first review the numerous models that have been developed for this purpose, and compare them from several standpoints: population modelling, exploitation modelling and management measure modelling. We then present a generic fisheries simulation model, Integration of Spatial Information for FISHeries simulation (ISIS-Fish). This spatially explicit model allows quantitative policy screening for fisheries with mixed-species harvests. It may be used to investigate the effects of combined management scenarios including a variety of policies: total allowable catch (TAC), licenses, gear restrictions, MPA, etc. Fisher's response to management may be accounted for by means of decision rules conditioned on population and exploitation parameters. An application to a simple example illustrates the relevance of this kind of tool for policy screening, particularly in the case of mixed fisheries. Finally, the reviewed models and ISIS-Fish are discussed and confronted in the light of the underlying assumptions and model objectives. In the light of this discussion, we identify desirable features for fisheries simulation models aimed at policy evaluation, and particularly MPA evaluation.
Fish and Fisheries (1467-2960) (Blackwell science), 2005-12 , Vol. 6 , N. 4 , P. 307-349

Droits : 2005 Blackwell Publishing, Inc
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-1031.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-2979.2005.00199.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1031/

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : L’Union européenne opère actuellement la seconde révision de sa politique de la pêche depuis la création de celle-ci, en 1970. Instituée pour développer la pêche maritime et garantir un revenu aux pêcheurs, la politique commune de la pêche (PCP) s’est orientée progressivement vers la protection des espèces et de l’environnement marin. Pour cela, elle a sacrifié une part importante du secteur productif, mais a échoué et, avec le déclin de la pêche en Europe, les régions ultrapériphériques de la Caraïbe (RUP-C) ont gagné en importance relative dans ce domaine. Elles représentent aujourd’hui près de 30 % de la flotte nationale et les fondements malthusiens de la PCP ne sont plus adaptés à leurs caractéristiques : ressources halieutiques, développement économique, emplois, sécurité des approvisionnements alimentaires, etc. La réforme actuellement en cours, qui devrait aboutir avant 2012, offre peut-être une alternative aux RUP-C permettant la mise en œuvre des mesures spécifiques en application de l’article 349 du Traité sur le Fonctionnement de l’Union européenne.
The European Union currently operates the second reform of its Common Fisheries Policy since its creation in 1970. Established to develop the fisheries and provide incomes for fishermen, the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) was directed gradually towards the protection of the species and the marine environment. To do this, it sacrificed a large part of the productive sector, but failed, and with the decline of fisheries in Europe, the outermost regions of the Caribbean gained relative importance in this field. They now account for nearly 30% of the national fleet and the Malthusians bases of the CFP are not suited any more to their characteristics: fisheries resources, economic development, jobs, security of food supply, etc. The ongoing reform, which should be in force before 2012, may offer an alternative to the outermost regions of the Caribbean for the implementation of specific measures under Article 349 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
Caraïbes
Europe

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.4356
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/4356

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Installation and maintenance of FADs by the Government of Guam began in 1979, initially with funding from the Salstonstall-Kennedy Act through the Pacific Tuna Development Foundation. Current funding for the Guam FAD project is provided through the Dingell-Johnson/Wallop-Breaux Sport Fish Restoration programme, a Federal Aid Project funded by taxes collected on the purchase of fishing equipment and motorboat fuels nationwide. There are now sixteen operational FAD sites in Guam's waters. At a cost of approximately US$10,000 per system, concern for the rising costs of replacing and maintaining FAD systems has prompted the Department of Agriculture's Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources (DAWR) to investigate alternative FAD maintenance strategies and system design. Several cost-cutting measures being considered include the use of reliable solar-powered navigation lights to reduce the number of maintenance trips required, and switching to a newer generation of lighter, more durable buoys and mooring systems. Average time on station for a dawr fad system is nearing two years. Interestingly, in most cases where an errant system is recovered, the failure in the mooring system was observed to occur at a depth from 35 to 500 metres. These observations have led to speculation that additional protection of the mooring line down to 500 m may result in doubling the average time on station of most FAD systems.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15324/12650.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15324/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : In 1998, the French and Spanish tuna-boat owners associations have volentarily reconducted the Atlantic tuna protection plan (also called moratorium) initiated the previous year. This plan which has become an iccat recommendation for 1999, consists mainly in preventing fishing on floating objects (logs) and in having observers on board tuna purse seiners. Data collected by these observers and landing statistics allow to draw preliminary conclusions on some effects of the protection plan, on the fleets and on the Atlantic tuna stocks. Largely respected, the moratorium has led to a spatial redistribution of the fishing effort, an important reduction of the proportion of sets on logs and a decrease of the landings by one third compared to those realised the years before during the same months, particularily for the skipjack and the bigeye tunas. Moreover, data collected allow to calculate catch rates for a number of by-catch species in the purse seine fishery.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15313/12660.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15313/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : Small-scale fisheries have traditionally received less research effort than large-scale fisheries and are generally under-studied in Europe. In spite of their comparatively low volume of catches and economic importance, small-scale fisheries are socially important and an integral part of the European coastal zone. Considering the high heterogeneity of situations and the paucity of quantitative data, we used an analytical methodology based on the comparative method. We carried out an analysis of small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in Europe based on a selection of nine case studies. Our objective was to obtain a comprehensive description of small-scale fleets covering different areas/fisheries/species, encompassing the diversity and specific conditions under which SSFs operate, in order to demonstrate the ecological and social sustainability of this often overlooked fisheries segment. A common approach formulated so that the case studies could be compared with the case histories of other competing users, required that for each set of criteria – technical, biological, socio-economic, and institutional – a set of relevant items and indicators was established. An analysis of characteristics common to the selected case studies is conducted and an attempt made to extend our comparisons to the whole of the European Union. Our results show that (as compared with large-scale fleets, their main competitor) small-scale fleets: (i) are composed of smaller vessels and, consequently, travel lower distances to fishing grounds, and are more reliant on coastal areas; (ii) have smaller crews (although the global employment figure is similar to that of large-scale fleets in Europe); (iii) use mostly, but not exclusively, passive gears; (iv) use multi-purpose fishing approaches, and can change the fish species they target during the year; (v) have lower extraction rates; (vi) have lower total capital investments (including fishing rights), turnover and costs; and (vii) have lower fuel consumption, making them less sensitive to changing oil prices. Dependence on subsidies is lower (viii). Involvement in fisheries management is variable, conservation and access regulation measures are largely local in origin. For the selected case studies, the most significant competitors are large-scale fleets, and recreational fisheries, but other sources of interaction (water quality, invasive species, etc.) cannot be ignored.
Fisheries Research (0165-7836) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2013-02 , Vol. 140 , P. 1-13

Droits : 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00118/22934/20757.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2012.11.008
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00118/22934/

Résumé : By looking at the common thread between 4 programs* in which the IFREMER Palavas (34, Languedoc-Roussillon region in France) station took part, this report show the evolution over 20 years in the perception of the pathology of farmed fish, and of the sea bass in particular (Dicentrarchus labrax). During the 1990’s farming techniques became sufficiently reliable to enable to distinguish between problems of a zootechnical nature and those with a pathological origin. In anticipation of future illnesses, the necessary tools and monitoring were implemented in order to study the immune system of the sea bass. These methods arose from the recent creation of anti-immunoglobin monoclonal probes in the sea bass. These techniques, together with others, served to search for a solution to the nodavirus epidemic which struck in1996. In the absence of a cure for this virus, the research focused on knowledge of the virus, its epidemiology and vaccine development. Despite interesting scientific results, the solution withheld to curb the Nodavirus epidemic was zootechnical. This pragmatic outcome catalysed reflections on the role of pathology, leading to notions of health, animal well-being and image. Management choices in the health of farmed fish stocks became a parameter, amongst others, included in a global commercial and farming policy. * Définition des critères d’évaluation de l’immunocompétente chez le loup et le turbot. UMR1 Université Montpellier II IFREMER ; Nodavirus disease of cultured marine fish in Europe. FAIR PL98 4036 EU; Recherche de moyens de dépistage et prévention de la nodavirose du bar. ANVAR 9804041J ; Welfare and Health in Sustainable Aquaculture WEALTH. E.U N°501984.
En prenant comme fil conducteur les travaux de 4 programmes* auxquels a participé la station IFREMER de Palavas (34), ce rapport montre l’évolution sur 20 ans de la perception de la pathologie des poissons d’élevages et du loup en particulier (Dicentrarchus labrax). Dans les années 1990 les techniques d’élevages devinrent suffisamment fiables pour permettre de distinguer les problèmes d’origines zootechniques de ceux d’origines pathologiques. En prévision des futures maladies potentielles, les outils d’étude et de suivi du système immunitaire spécifique du loup furent mis en place. Ils découlaient de la création récente de sondes monoclonales anti-immunoglobulines de loup. Ces techniques, couplées à d’autres, servirent à chercher une solution à l’épidémie de nodavirose des années 1996. En l’absence de traitement pour un virus l’accent fut mis sur la connaissance du virus, de son épidémiologie et de la vaccination. Bien que les résultats scientifiques furent très satisfaisants la solution trouvée pour juguler l’épidémie de Nodavirose fut zootechnique. Cette issue pragmatique catalysa une réflexion sur le rôle de la pathologie qui maturait depuis plusieurs années et qui déboucha sur la notion de santé, de bien être des animaux et d’image. Les choix de gestion de la santé des cheptels devinrent un paramètre, parmi d’autres, s’incluant dans d’une politique globale d’élevage et commerciale * Définition des critères d’évaluation de l’immunocompétente chez le loup et le turbot. UMR1 Université Montpellier II IFREMER ; Nodavirus disease of cultured marine fish in Europe. FAIR PL98 4036 EU; Recherche de moyens de dépistage et prévention de la nodavirose du bar. ANVAR 9804041J ; Welfare and Health in Sustainable Aquaculture WEALTH. E.U N°501984.

Droits : 2013 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00167/27866/26103.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00167/27866/26105.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00167/27866/26106.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00167/27866/

Éditeur(s) : EURAQUA 1992
Résumé : Aquaculture is an important part of the Common Fisheries Policy. Indeed, the Community incentives policy for the farming of sea or fresh water fish, shellfish and molluscs must contribute to supplying the Common Market with fisheries products and to reducing the chronic negative trade balance in this area. The collection of statistics on the economic and social aspects of Aquaculture in the European Community is not a straightforward process. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1992/acte-4280.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4280/

Éditeur(s) : ICES 2008 Annual Science Conference, 22-26 september 2008, HALIFAX, CANADA
Résumé : While the majority of small-scale coastal fisheries are found in developing nations, a considerable number exist in developed nations as well. Indeed, small-scale fisheries are strongly represented in all European Union (EU) Member States, 81% and 87% of the EU 25 whole fleet is composed of vessels less than 12 and 15 meters long respectively. In 2000, European regulation established a fisheries data collection framework including economic information requirements in order to provide the scientific basis for the implementation of the Common Fisheries Policy. This paper presents the methodology designed to collect the relevant economic data and characterize the status of the French fleets from an economic perspective. Based on stratified sampling plan including the following of small-scale fleets, data collection by field survey is based on a single questionnaire for all the fleets, whatever the size of the vessel, the gear used, the fishing area or the species targeted. It provides a large data set including earnings and costs but also capital, employment, fishing activity figures. Statistical analysis through a revenue model gives the basis for a re-assessing of the small-scale fisheries contribution to national production. Economic indicators such as gross added value, revenues, and direct employment are derived from the data set. The significant role of small scale fisheries in the French fishing sector is established and the impact of the rising fuel costs in fisheries is discussed.

Droits : 2008 ICES
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00059/16998/14500.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00059/16998/

Éditeur(s) : Ifremer
Résumé : The external trade deficit of seafood is a subject of general concern, for the administration as it is for the profession and for research. From IFREMER's inception, its president, Mr SILLARD, made this problem one of the major guiding factors of the Institute by asking, as early as 1984, research teams to provide him with a complete and detailed view of the evaluation of seafood in France. The objective assigned to this task was twofold: assess France's room for manoeuvre and establish a research policy that must contribute to the improvement of this room for manoeuvre. The external trade deficit of sea products is a significant, long-term, structural problem to which it is conceivable to apply partial solutions. It is a national and therefore governmental problem: but it does not make it possible to judge the economic health of the fishing and marine farming sector. Its very importance tends to mask that of the challenges that management of the fishing and marine farming sector represents, a bit like a large tree hiding a forest, which we would like to try to show in this short article that does not, far from it, pretend to exhaust the subject.
(OCR non controlé) Le déficit du commerce extérieur des produits de la mer est un sujet de préoccupation général, pour l'administration comme pour la profession et la recherche. Dès la création d'IFREMER, son Président, M. SILLARD faisait de ce problème l'un des paramètres majeurs d'orientation de l'Institut, en demandant dès 1984 aux équipes de chercheurs de lui fournir une vue complète et détaillée de la valorisation des produits de la mer en France. L'objectif assigné à ce travail était double : évaluer la marge de manoeuvre de la France et asseoir une politique de recherche devant contribuer à améliorer cette marge de manceuvre. Le déficit du commerce extérieur des produits de la mer est un problème important, durable, structurel, auquel il est envisageable d'apporter des solutions partielles. Il est un problème national, donc gouvernemental : mais il ne permet pas de juger de la santé économique du secteur des pêches et cultures marines. Son importance même tend à masquer celle des enjeux que représente la gestion du secteur des pêches et cultures marines, un peu comme un grand arbre cachant une forêt, ce que nous voudrions tenter de montrer dans ce bref article qui ne prétend pas, loin de là, épuiser le sujet.
Equinoxe (Ifremer), 1986 , P. 7-13

Droits : 1986 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1986/publication-2469.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2469/

Résumé : The maritime fisheries and mariculture guidance law passed in 1997 specifies that with the perspective of renegotiation of the common fisheries policy in 2002, a report on the special conditions of inshore fisheries be drawn up by the Government. To do so, the Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries entrusted this task to three experts, who are the authors of this report. In accordance with their remit, the situation of fisheries in territorial waters and estuaries of metropolitan France and the four DOM overseas departments ( counties) was examined, in the framework of meetings with professional fishermen, administrations, elected officials and scientific organisations. The first part situates fishing activities in coastal areas within the overall context of French fisheries. The second part provides a detailed report for each seafront (Channel, Atlantic, Mediterranean, West Indies, French Guyana and Reunion Island) on the regulatory framework, fleets, stocks, uses of resources and vulnerable areas of interest for fisheries. The report then analyses the competition within fisheries and with other activities (recreational fishing, extraction of aggregates, tourism, etc.). After these observations, the authors make ten proposals to improve the conditions under which coastal or inshore fisheries are practiced.
La loi d'orientation sur la pêche maritime et les cultures marines votée en 1997 précise que dans la perspective de la renégociation de la politique commune des pêches en 2002, un rapport sur les conditions particulières de l'exercice de la pêche dans la bande côtière sera établi par le Gouvernement. Pour y satisfaire, le Ministre de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche en a confié l'élaboration à trois experts, les auteurs du présent rapport. Conformément à la lettre de mission, la situation de la pêche dans les eaux territoriales et estuaires du territoire métropolitain et des quatre départements d'Outre-Mer a été examinée dans le cadre de rencontres avec les professionnels, les administrations, les élus, les organismes scientifiques. Une première partie permet de situer les activités halieutiques en zone côtière dans le contexte global de la pêche française. La seconde partie est un bilan détaillé par façade (Manche, Atlantique, Méditerranée, Antilles, Guyane, Réunion) du cadre réglementaire, des flottilles, des ressources, des usages de la ressource et des zones sensibles d'intérêt halieutiques. Le rapport analyse ensuite les compétitions au sein de la pêche et avec d'autres activités (pêche récréative, extractions de granulats, tourisme,...). A l'issue de ces différents constats, les auteurs font dix propositions pour améliorer les conditions d'exercice de la pêche en zone côtière.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2000/rapport-1200.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1200/

Éditeur(s) : Actes du colloque, April 28-30 1997
Résumé : Due to favourable environmental conditions and political will, marine fish farming has developed recently around the Mediterranean. The Mediterranean area is characterised by a large number of islands which are extremely diversified from geographical, political or socioeconomic point of views. As a matter of fact, it turns out that almost a third of the Mediterranean fish farming production comes from these islands which have proven to offer good conditions for the development of that new activity. The reasons why somany enterprises have been established on islands are very diverse. Taking advantage of good environmental conditions is the most common motivation, since islands are usually less submitted to constraints due to town extension, industry development or intensive agriculture. Moreover, as far as European Union countries are concerned, incentive policy towards ultraperipheral or late development regions has made it possible to attribute specific subsidies to islands for aquaculture in the aim of more employment and wealth. Like any other economic activity, aquaculture has to face some specific constraints due to the insular context. Transport to and from the islands is more expensive and less regular, which has a negative impact on the price competitiveness of the insular products. Local markets are often too small to make it possible for the enterprises to develop first at a domestic level and to take advantage of economies of scale. Thanks to their positive and attractive world-wide image, Mediterranean islands could promote the quality of their products on the basis of geographical origin, of quality of the environment or of specific production processes. Information networks implementation and marketing approach in terms of image are challenges Mediterranean islands have to take up in order to supply the large European seafood market with quality products. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]
Grâce à de bonnes conditions de milieu et à une volonté politique affirmée, l'élevage des poissons marins s'est développé récemment dans la Méditerranée. Le bassin méditerranéen possède un très grand nombre d'îles qui sont très diverses de par leur caractéristiques géographiques, politiques ou socio-économiques. Près du tiers de la production de poissons marins d'élevage des pays méditerranéens est réalisée dans des îles. Les raisons qui ont incité tant d'entreprises à s'établir sur des îles sont diverses. La motivation principale avancée par les promoteurs de l'aquaculture insulaire méditerranéenne est la qualité de l'environnement des îles et la disponibilité en sites, justifiée par le fait que les îles sont moins soumises à certaines contraintes comme l'extension des villes, le développement de zones industrielles ou l'intensification de l'agriculture. La politique d'aide envers les régions ultra-périphériques ou en retard de développement a permis d'attribuer des subventions spécifiques aux îles pour développer l'aquaculture dans un objectif de création de richesse et d'emploi. Comme toute autre activité économique dans les îles, l'aquaculture doit faire face à des contraintes directement liées à l'insularité. Le transport est plus coûteux et moins régulier, ce qui a un effet négatif sur la compétitivité prix des produits. Les marchés locaux sont souvent trop petits pour permettre aux entreprises de se développer d'abord en interne et de profiter d'économies d'échelle. Une réponse possible à cette contrainte de concurrence internationale pourrait être la promotion des produits sur la base de l'origine géographique,de la qualité de l'environnement ou de procédés de production spécifiques afin de valoriser l'image très positive et la notoriété de ces îles dans le monde entier. Les réseaux dédiés à l'information, à la recherche et au transfert technologique sont des outils nécessaires pour compenser les contraintes dues à la petite taille et à l'isolement dans le but de fournir le vaste marché européen en produits de la mer de qualité. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1997/acte-4010.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4010/