Éditeur(s) : Wiley
Résumé : This paper investigates some economic consequences of creating a marine reserve on both fishing and ecotourism, when the range of controllability of fishing effort is limited and the impact of the reserve on ecosystem is considered. The issue is illustrated by the example of creating a no-take zone in part of a region where fishing is managed through a limited entry license system, and which is inhabited by two interacting stocks: a stock of prey (fish) and a stock of predators (seals). While the former is targeted by commercial fishing, the latter is not subject to harvest but is a potential basis for a commercial non-extractive activity (seal watching). Analysis is conducted with the help of a bioeconomic model combining the features of marine reserve modeling and of multispecies modeling. Following a description of the model, results of several simulation runs are presented. These show that creating a marine reserve has more complex economic implications than predicted in studies focused exclusively on one stock and/or commercial fisheries. More specifically, the model shows that the dynamics of the two interacting stocks reduces the benefits of the no-take zone for the fishing industry, while it makes the creation of this zone provide an opportunity for the development of ecotourism. Due to this dynamics, the model suggests that the optimal size of the reserve is larger when ecotourism is taken into account along with fishing activities.
Natural Resource Modeling (1939-7445) (Wiley), 2002-12 , Vol. 15 , N. 4 , P. 387–411

Droits : 2002 Rocky Mountain Mathematics Consortium
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00244/35506/34010.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1939-7445.2002.tb00095.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00244/35506/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Society of Economic Geologists
Résumé : International audience
The ~8-Moz Sadiola Hill gold deposit is located in the Kédougou-Kénieba inlier, a window of deformed ca. 2200 to 2050 Ma rocks that crop out in eastern Senegal and western Mali. The geology of the inlier differs from other Paleoproterozoic granite-greenstone belts and sedimentary basins by the abundance of carbonate rocks. The Sadiola Hill gold deposit occurs within 3 km of the Senegal-Mali shear zone, and country rocks in the region have undergone polycyclic deformation. The lithostratigraphy of the open pit consists of impure limestones overlain by younger sequences of detrital sedimentary rocks, which include arenite, wacke, and siltstone. The sedimentary rocks have been subjected to regional greenschist-facies metamorphism and have been intruded by multiple generations of synkinematic, calc-alkaline stocks and dikes. The bulk of the ore is hosted within a N-S- to NNW-trending, 10- to 50-m-wide, brittle-ductile dilational shear zone defined as the Sadiola shear zone. Gold lodes also occur along an array of steep NNE-trending shear zones. Geometric and kinematic analyses indicate that the ore-hosting structures were undergoing sinistral displacement at the time of mineralization, locally defined as the D3s NNW-SSE-shortening event. Hydrothermal alteration is polyphase and includes an early high-temperature calc-silicate phase (i.e., porphyroblastic growth of actinolite-tremolite) followed by a potassic phase (i.e., biotite-calcite-quartz ± K-feldspar-tourmaline-actinolite) that was synchronous with ore mineral deposition. Paragenetic studies reveal a multistage ore development that includes an As-rich sulfide stage, followed by an Au-Sb stage. The ore is associated with a metal enrichment suite of Au-As-Sb ± Cu-Fe-W-Mo-Ag-Bi-Zn-Pb-Te. The Sadiola Hill deposit shares a similar relative timing and structural setting to that of other world-class orogenic gold systems in the West African craton (e.g., Ashanti, Loulo), with gold deposition occurring during a period of transcurrent tectonics, after the cessation of region-wide compressional deformation. The high-temperature paragenesis at Sadiola Hill is atypical of gold mineralization in the craton and indicates that the late Eburnean tectono-magmatic activity between ca. 2080 and 2060 Ma played an important role in the dynamics of hydrothermal fluid circulation along the Senegal-Mali shear zone.
ISSN: 0361-0128

hal-01583358
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01583358
DOI : 10.2113/econgeo.112.1.23

Résumé : This report presents, in two parts, the results of a study carried out on the coast of Martinique, during 1993. The first part presents the evolution of perceptions and uses of coastal areas, linked to the socio-economic transformations of the island. Completing this presentation, based on the analysis of management plans from different periods, an overview of the recent state of occupation of coastal areas in Martinique is also given. The second part presents four case studies of conflictual situations concerning access to coastal areas, on l and and at sea, considering differents types of activities and decision-making processes. For each case study, an investigation has been conducted to identify implied actors, their motivations and strategies, as well as the mechanisms by which conflict appears and evolves.
Le rapport présente, en deux parties, les résultats d'une étude menée sur le littoral de Martinique en 1993. La première partie présente l'évolution des perceptions et des modes d'usage de la zone côtière, liée aux transformations socio-économiques ayant marqué l'île. Cette présentation, s'appuyant sur l'analyse de documents d'aménagement de différentes époques, est complétée par un état des lieux récent de l'occupation de la bande côtière de l'île. La seconde partie présente quatre études de situations conflictuelles pour l'accès à l'espace littoral, terrestre et marin, considérant des types d'usage et des processus décisionnels différents. Pour chacun de ces cas d'étude, un travail d'enquête a permis de repérer les acteurs impliqués, leurs motivations et stratégies, ainsi que d'approcher les mécanismes décisionnels par lesquels le conflit apparaît et évolue.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1994/rapport-2140.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2140/

Résumé : The document, fifth edition of a collection which has started in 1997, presents a survey of marine-related activities in France. The commercial sector includes exploitation and extraction of marine resources, manufacturing industry, private services. In this new edition, a special effort is devoted to the analysis of maritime ports related industries. The non-commercial sector includes public services, among which the Navy, state services, education, safety, marine and coastal environment protection, marine sciences. Each activity of the commercial sector is described by key figures (turnover, value added, employment). The non-commercial sector includes data on running costs, in particular personnel costs. In addition to indicators, qualitative information is provided on the recent developments and future prospects of industries.
Le document, cinquième édition d'une série lancée en 1997, présente un panorama des activités liées à la mer en France. Le secteur marchand comprend l'exploitation et l'extraction des ressources marines, l'industrie manufacturière, les services privés. Dans cette nouvelle édition, un effort particulier est consacré à l'analyse de l'activité portuaire. Le secteur non marchand est constitué des services publics, dont la Marine nationale, les services de l'État, l'enseignement, la sécurité, la protection de l'environnement littoral et marin, la recherche scientifique. Chaque activité du secteur marchand est décrite par des chiffres-clés (chiffre d'affaires, valeur ajoutée, emploi). Sur le secteur non marchand sont fournies des données de coûts, dont les coûts de personnel. Tous ces indicateurs sont accompagnés d'informations qualitatives sur l'évolution récente et les perspectives des branches d'activité.

Droits : 2004 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00083/19400/16993.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00083/19400/

Résumé : This document presents a survey of the marine-related activities in France, i.e. those of the commercial sector (exploitation of minerai and living resources, manufacturing industries, services) and those of the public sector (Navy, State services, education, safety, marine research). A chapter is devoted to the protection of the coastal and marine environment, and the chapter on tourism gives quantitative data on the impacts of the pollution caused by the Erika oil-tanker. Each activity of the commercial sector is described by key-figures (turnover, value added, employmentl. The description of the non-commercial public sector includes data on costs, including personnel costs. In addition to these figures, qualitative information is given on the recent development, present situation and outlook for each activity
Ce document présente un panorama des activités liées à la mer en France, c'est-à-dire du secteur industriel (exploitation des ressources minérales et vivantes, industrie manufacturière, services) et celles du secteur public non marchand (Marine nationale, services de l'État, enseignement, sécurité, recherche marine). Un chapitre est consacré à la protection de l'environnement littoral et marin, et le chapitre sur le tourisme donne des indications quantitatives sur les impacts de la pollution causée par le navire pétrolier Erika. Chaque activité du secteur industriel est décrite par des chiffres-clés (chiffre d'affaires, valeur ajoutée, emploi). Pour le secteur public non marchand, sont fournies des données sur les coûts, notamment les coûts de personnel. Ces indicateurs sont accompagnés d'informations qualitatives sur l'évolution récente , la situation actuelle et les perspectives de chaque activité.

Droits : 2002 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00117/22850/20660.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00117/22850/53085.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00117/22850/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Sci Ltd
Résumé : Non-use values (i.e. economic values assigned by individuals to ecosystem goods and services unrelated to current or future uses) provide one of the most compelling incentives for the preservation of ecosystems and biodiversity. Assessing the non-use values of non-users is relatively straightforward using stated preference methods, but the standard approaches for estimating non-use values of users (stated decomposition) have substantial shortcomings which undermine the robustness of their results. In this paper, we propose a pragmatic interpretation of non-use values to derive estimates that capture their main dimensions, based on the identification of a willingness to pay for ecosystem protection beyond one's expected life. We empirically test our approach using a choice experiment conducted on coral reef ecosystem protection in two coastal areas in New Caledonia with different institutional, cultural, environmental and socio-economic contexts. We compute individual willingness to pay estimates, and derive individual non-use value estimates using our interpretation. We find that, a minima, estimates of non-use values may comprise between 25 and 40% of the mean willingness to pay for ecosystem preservation, less than has been found in most studies.
Ocean & Coastal Management (0964-5691) (Elsevier Sci Ltd), 2015-03 , Vol. 105 , P. 1-14

Droits : 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00244/35564/35398.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.12.010
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00244/35564/

Éditeur(s) : EDP Sciences
Résumé : The present paper aims at identifying and assessing indicators of the effects of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in coral reef regions, based on a bibliography review in ecology, economics and social sciences. First the various effects Studied within each of these domains and the variables used to measure them were censused. Potential ecological indicators were assessed through their link with the question used (here termed "relevance") and their "effectiveness" which encompasses the issues of precision, accuracy and statistical power. Relevance and effectiveness were respectively measured by the frequency of use of each indicator and the proportion of significant results in the reviewed articles. For social and economic effects, the approach was not possible due to the low number of references: we thus discussed the issue of finding appropriate indicators for those fields. Results indicate: 1- the unbalance in literature between disciplines: 2- the need for protocols and methodologies which include controls in order to assess MPA effects: 3- an important proportion of ecological indicators with low effectiveness: 4- the large number of ecological effects still not studied or not demonstrated at present.
Cet article vise à identifier des indicateurs de l'effet des aires marines protégées (AMP) en milieu corallien, sur la base d'une synthèse bibliographique dans les domaines écologiques, économiques et sociaux, et principalement en milieu corallien. Nous recensons d'abord les différents effets attendus des AMP pour chacun des domaines, et les variables retenues pour les étudier. Les indicateurs écologiques potentiels sont évalués au travers de leur lien avec l'effet étudié (ici appelé "pertinence") et de leur "efficacité" qui regroupe les notions de précision, justesse et puissance statistique. Pertinence et efficacité sont respectivement mesurées par la fréquence d'utilisation et la proportion de résultats significatifs trouvés dans les articles recensés. Pour les aspects économiques et sociaux, le faible nombre de références ne permet pas une approche comparable à celle utilisée pour les indicateurs écologiques, et nous discutons donc de la question de l'identification d'indicateurs, et suggérons quelques pistes de recherche. Les principales conclusions de ce travail sont: i) le décalage entre les nombres de publications entre disciplines; ii) la nécessité de protocoles et méthodologies incluant des situations de contrôle pour évaluer les effets des MPA; iii) la faible efficacité de nombreux indicateurs écologiques; et iv) le nombre élevé d'effets peu ou pas étudiés ou démontrés à l'heure actuelle.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (EDP Sciences), 2005 , Vol. 18 , N. 1 , P. 15-33

Droits : EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2005
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-409.pdf
DOI:10.1051/alr:2005011
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/409/

Résumé : The report presents a survey of marine related activities in France, highlighting recent past trends, present situation and future outlook. The commercial sector includes marine resource exploitation, manufacturing branches and services. The public sector includes the Navy, State services, environmental protection and research. A summary identifies the main factors in the development of marine activities.
Le rapport présente un panorama des activités liées à la mer en France en mettant en évidence la conjoncture récente, la situation actuelle et les perspectives. Le secteur industriel comprend l'exploitation des ressources marines, le manufacturier, les services. Le secteur public comprend la Marine nationale, l'intervention publique, la protection de l'environnement, la recherche. Une synthèse dégage les principaux facteurs d'évolution des activités maritimes.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/rapport-3919.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/sup-3919.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3919/

Résumé : This document presents a survey of the marine-related activities in France, i.e. those of the commercial sector (exploitation of mineral and living resources, manufacturing industries, services) and those of the public sector (Navy, State services, education, safety, marine research). A chapter is devoted to the protection of the coastal and marine environment, and the chapter on tourism gives quantitative data on the impacts of the pollution caused by the Erika oil-tanker. Each activity of the commercial sector is described by key-figures (turnover, value added, employment). The description of the non-commercial public sector includes data on costs, including personnel costs. In addition to these figures, qualitative information is given on the recent development, present situation and outlook for each activity.
Ce document présente un panorama des activités liées à Ia mer en France, c'est-a-dire du secteur industriel (exploitation des ressources minérales et vivantes, industrie manufacturière, services) et celles du secteur public non marchand (Marine nationale, services de I'Etat, enseignement, sécurité, recherche marine). Un chapitre est consacre a Ia protection de l'environnement littoral et marin, et le chapitre sur le tourisme donne des indications quantitatives sur les impacts de Ia pollution causée par le navire pétrolier Erika. Chaque activité du secteur industriel est décrite par des chiffres-clés (chiffre d'affaires, valeur ajoutée, emploi). Pour le secteur public non marchand, sont fournies des donnees sur les coûts, notamment les coûts de personnel. Ces indicateurs sont accompagnes d'informations qualitatives sur l'évolution récente, Ia situation actuelle et les perspectives de chaque activité.

Droits : 2002 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00117/22852/20661.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00117/22852/

Droits : 2009 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00076/18686/16236.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00076/18686/

Éditeur(s) : Springer
Résumé : Terrestrial and marine biodiversity provides the basis for both ecosystems functioning and numerous commodities or services that underpin human well-being. From several decades, alarming trends have been reported worldwide for both biodiversity and ecosystem services. Therefore the sustainable management of biodiversity requires a double viewpoint balancing ecological conservation with the welfare of human societies. Understanding the underlying trade-offs, synergies and interactions imposes the development of interdisciplinary researches and methods. In that respect, bio-economic or ecological economic modeling is likely to play a major role. The present paper intends to elicit the key features, strengths and challenges of bio-economic approaches especially in mathematical and computational terms. It first recall the main bio-economic methods, models and decisional instruments used in these types of analyses. Then the paper shows to what extent bio-economic sustainability lies between equilibrium, viability and optimality mathematical frameworks. It ends up by identifying new major challenges among which the operationalization of ecosystem based management, the precautionary principle and the implementation of governance are especially important. Computational Management Science Computational Management Science Look Inside
Computational Management Science (1619-697X) (Springer), 2013-12 , Vol. 10 , N. 4 , P. 353-364

Droits : Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00171/28208/26510.pdf
DOI:10.1007/s10287-013-0194-2
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00171/28208/

Éditeur(s) : EDP Sciences
Résumé : Market position and its evolution were analysed in nine key fish and cephalopod species subject to long-term changes, using the Bay of Biscay fisheries as a case study. Although such long term changes have already been documented, and in some cases shown to be related to the impacts of fishing, changes in the physical environment, or both, relatively little work has been devoted to their potential consequences in economic terms. The nature and extent of these consequences was determined in the present study by looking at the composition of the affected fish production, and the status of different fish products on the markets. We propose a methodology to characterize market position for this set of nine species. The selected species represent a significant part of the gross turnover of French fishing fleets operating in the bay. These species were characterized in terms of their potential sensitivity to fishing and changes in environmental conditions due to global warming. We separated species potentially positively (Engraulis encrasicolus and Lophius budegassa) and negatively affected (Pollachius pollachius and Lophius piscatorius) by warming. Evolution of the value of production of the nine species was then depicted using analysis of macro-economic index (production and potential consumption) and price indices. This revealed the relatively high sensitivity of domestic production to the market crisis that occurred in France in the early 1990s, compared to imported and exported products. The relative position of individual species, with respect to the market and its evolution between 1990 and 2005, was analyzed by multi-factorial analysis. Results derived from the analysis clearly distinguish two groups of species, the first characterized by higher prices (monkfish, Nephrops, sole, seabass) and the second by larger volumes available on the French market (pollack, hake, anchovy, sardine, cuttlefish). We conclude that a major part (69 to 87%) of the gross turnover associated with catches of these fish species in the Bay of Biscay remains potentially unaffected by long-term changes related to climate.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (EDP Sciences), 2008-07 , Vol. 21 , N. 3 , P. 307-316

Droits : EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2008
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4716.pdf
DOI:10.1051/alr:2008047
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4716/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : In order to provide reliable scientific advice and support for fisheries management, it is necessary to evaluate the biological and economic sustainability of complex fisheries, such as multi-species multi-fleet fisheries. Existing policy-screening modelling tools are not fully suitable in this purpose due to either an over-simplified description of population dynamics, or due to the lack of consideration of economic aspects. In this paper, we present a package that enables quantitative bioeconomic assessment of management scenarios. Population dynamics is described through spatially- and seasonally-explicit models. Exploitation dynamics is characterized by several fishing activities with specific spatial and seasonal features, and practiced by several kinds of vessels with specific technical characteristics. Exploitation costs and revenues are considered at several levels: the fishing trip, the fishing unit (vessel and crew), and the vessel owner. The model is generic and can be used for different types of fisheries. A database is attached to the software for the storage and updating of information for each fishery. This includes the specification of model dimensions and of the parameters describing populations and exploitation. Several model assumptions regarding either population or exploitation may be adapted to suit a specific fishery. Both policies and corresponding fishers' response may be interactively specified through JAVA (TM) scripts. This version of ISIS-Fish allows for the calculation of biological and economic consequences of a range of policies, including conventional ones like catch and effort controls, and alternative policies such as marine protected areas. To facilitate policy-screening in a high-dimension parameter space, the software includes features, like interfaces for sensitivity analysis and simulation queues. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ecological Modelling (0304-3800) (Elsevier), 2009-04 , Vol. 220 , N. 7 , P. 1013-1033

Droits : 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6782.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.007
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6782/

Résumé : The populations of fishes dwelling near the sea bed (demersal species) on the continental shelf are usually the object of intense commercial exploitation. The Bay of Biscay shelf is no exception. Hence, populations suffer from this exploitation. Moreover, the general role played by hydro-climatic variations in the regulation of the abundance of demersal fish populations (population dynamics) is traditionally admitted. In the Bay of Biscay, a warming of the surface water has been observed over the three last decades (Koutsikopoulos et al., 1998). Climate change therefore has potential consequences on fish communities. Thus, the structure and dynamics of fish populations on the continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay are susceptible to suffer both from the effects of a human activity (fishing) and of climate change (warming). Fisheries should therefore suffer more or less from these changes depending on their adaptation capacity.
Les peuplements de poissons vivant à proximité du fond (espèces démersales) sur le plateau continental font généralement l'objet d'une exploitation commerciale intense. Le plateau du Golfe de Gascogne n'échappe pas à cette règle. Les populations y subissent donc les effets de l'exploitation. Par ailleurs, le rôle général des variations hydro-climatiques dans la régulation de l'abondance des populations démersales de poissons (la dynamique des populations) est classiquement admis. Dans le Golfe de Gascogne, un réchauffement des eaux de surface au cours des trois dernières décennies est observé (Koutsikopoulos et al., 1998). Le changement climatique a donc des conséquences potentielles sur la communauté de poissons. Ainsi, la structure et la dynamique du peuplement de poissons du plateau continental du Golfe de Gascogne sont susceptibles de répondre à la fois aux effets d'une activité humaine (la pêche) et du changement climatique (réchauffement). Les pêcheries devraient donc subir ces changements selon leur capacité d'adaptation.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/rapport-6347.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6347/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : Academia and management agencies show a growing interest for ecosystem-based fishery management (EBFM). However, the way to operationalize this approach remains challenging. The present paper illustrates how the concepts of stochastic co-viability, which accounts for dynamic complexities, uncertainties, risk and sustainability constraints, can be useful for the implementation of EBFM. In the present case, this concept is used to identify fishing strategies that satisfy both ecological conservation and economic sustainability in a multi-species, multi-fleet context. Economic Viability Analysis (EVA) and the broader Co-Viability Analysis (CVA), are proposed to expand the usual Population Viability Analysis (PVA) and precautionary approach. An illustration is proposed, using data on the fisheries of Bay of Biscay (France) exploiting the stocks of nephrops and hake. Stochastic simulations show how CVA can guarantee both ecological (stock) and economic (profit) sustainability. Using 2008 as a baseline, the model is used to identify fishing efforts that ensure such co-viability. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ecological Economics (0921-8009) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2012-03 , Vol. 75 , P. 32-42

Droits : 2012 Elsevier Science Bv
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00074/18571/16153.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.01.005
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00074/18571/

Éditeur(s) : EDP Sciences
Résumé : Selective fishing pressure on more highly valued marine living resources is one of the key factors proposed to explain changes occurring in fish communities and associated landings of commercial fisheries. The aim of this paper is to establish the nature of changes in the landings of French fishing fleets operating in the Bay of Biscay in the period 1973-2002, and whether these changes could be related to the relative economic attractiveness of different fish species. The analysis focuses on trends observed in the landings of all commercial fish species over the last three decades. It is based on data of annual quantities landed and ex-vessel prices compiled from official French landings records, and on bio-geographical descriptors of these species derived from published data. Using simple index numbers and multivariate analysis, we examined changes in total landings in terms of their volume and value, as well as changes in their composition. We show that the composition of landings significantly changed over the study period, with an increase in the proportion of pelagic species, of lower economic value. The average ex-vessel price of production by the fleets tended to decrease from the late 1980s; partly due to a cross-species drop in prices, occurring mainly after 1993, but also to the increased proportion of low-priced species in the landings. This caused a significant drop in the total gross value of production in the second half of the study period.
La pression de pêche sélective sur les ressources marines vivantes de forte valeur est un des facteurs-clés proposés pour expliquer les changements qui surviennent dans la structure des communautés de poisson et dans les débarquements des pêcheries commerciales associés. L'objectif de cet article est d'établir la nature des changements dans les débarquements des flottilles de pêche françaises opérant dans le golfe de Gascogne, et d'examiner les relations entre ces changements et l'attractivité relative des espèces de poisson d'un point de vue économique. L'analyse se concentre sur les tendances observées au cours des trois dernières décennies dans les débarquements de toutes les espèces commerciales de poissons effectués par les flottilles de pêche opérant dans le golfe. Elle s'appuie sur des données concernant les quantités annuelles débarquées, les prix compilés à partir des enregistrements officiels des débarquements français, et les données publiées concernant les caractéristiques biogéographiques des espèces étudiées. En s'appuyant sur des indices simples et une analyse multivariée, on examine les changements des débarquements totaux en volume et en valeur, ainsi que les changements dans leur composition. On montre que la composition des débarquements a fortement changé au cours de la période étudiée, avec un accroissement important de la part des espèces pélagiques, de plus faible valeur. Le prix moyen de la production a eu tendance à décroître depuis la fin des années 1980. Ceci est en partie dû à une chute des prix de l'ensemble des espèces, après 1993, et en partie lié à l'accroissement de la part des espèces de plus faible valeur dans les débarquements. Une baisse importante de la valeur de la production en a découlé sur cette deuxième moitié de la période d'étude.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (EDP Sciences), 2008-07 , Vol. 21 , N. 3 , P. 317-327

Droits : 2008 EDP Sciences
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-5926.pdf
DOI:10.1051/alr:2008048
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/5926/

Résumé : The document, fifth edition of a collection which has started in 1997, presents a survey of marine-related activities in France. The commercial sector includes exploitation and extraction of marine resources , manufacturing industry, private services. In this new edition, a special effort is devoted to the analysis of maritime ports related industries. The non-commercial sector includes public services, among which the Navy, state services, education, safety, marine and coastal environment protection, marine sciences. Each activity of the commercial sector is described by key figures (turnover, value added, employment). The non-commercial sector includes data on running costs, in particular personnel costs. In addition to indicators, qualitative information is provided on the recent developments and future prospects of industries
Le document, cinquième édition d'une série lancée en 1997, présente un panorama des activités liées à la mer en France. Le secteur marchand comprend l'exploitation et l'extraction des ressources marines, l'industrie manufacturière, les services privés. Dans cette nouvelle édition, un effort particulier est consacré à l'analyse de l'activité portuaire. Le secteur non marchand est constitué des services publics, dont la Marine nationale, les services de l'État, l'enseignement, la sécurité, la protection de l'environnement littoral et marin, la recherche scientifique. Chaque activité du secteur marchand est décrite par des chiffres-clés (chiffre d'affaires, valeur ajoutée, emploi). Sur le secteur non marchand sont fournies des données de coûts, dont les coûts de personnel. Tous ces indicateurs sont accompagnés d'informations qualitatives sur l'évolution récente et les perspectives des branches d'activité.

Droits : 2004 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00117/22855/20667.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00117/22855/

Éditeur(s) : EDP Sciences
Résumé : The diversity of reef ecosystems, the multiplicity of reef resource uses and the breadth of the range of the island socio-cultural contexts concerned make coral reef fisheries (CRF) management in the South Pacific a complex task. The health and state of the targeted resources depend both on ecosystem characteristics (as determined by ecological and biological factors) and on fishing pressure, whose effects are only partly known. Increasing harvests from commercial and recreational fishing increasingly overlap with traditional Subsistence activity, creating an important CRF management challenge. This paper presents a new approach to CRF assessment and monitoring by providing a set of multidisciplinary indicators. The fisheries system is assessed from three different viewpoints: ecology of targeted populations, exploitation and the broader socio-econornic fishery context. The use of complementary indicators chosen from each of these fields could balance the chronic lack of human and financial resources for the management of these fisheries. We suggest the use of these indicators through an assessment grid or an indicator dashboard specifically adapted to given situations and management objectives determined through a participatory approach. The operational efficiency of this dashboard depends on i) dialogue between users, ii) the objectivity of the proposed monitoring, iii) the Visual transcription of divergent/convergent interests amongst stakeholders, and iv) stakeholder involvement in the decision-making process. The use and constraints of such a tool are described with reference to Ouvea atoll (New-Caledonia, South Pacific) for which an analysis of available indicators for assessing fisheries status is presented.
La diversité des écosystèmes coralliens, la multiplicité des modalités d'exploitation de leurs ressources et l'hétérogénéité des contextes socio-culturels insulaires rendent complexe la gestion des pêcheries récifo-lagonaires du Pacifique sud. La santé et l'évolution de ces ressources dépendent, d'une part, des caractéristiques propres de l'écosystème (obéissant à des facteurs biologiques et écologiques) et, d'autre part, de la pression de pêche dont certains effets seulement sont établis. La pêche traditionnelle aux fins de subsistance est aujourd'hui concurrencée par des activités à visées commerciales et récréatives, qui accroissent les prélèvements et soulèvent de nouveaux enjeux de gestion. L'article propose une approche pour l'évaluation et le suivi de ces pêcheries basée sur un ensemble d'indicateurs pluridisciplinaires. Le système « Pêche » est analysé de trois points de vue complémentaires : l'écologie des peuplements exploités, l'exploitation halieutique sensu stricto et le contexte économique et social plus large des pêcheries. La mise en place d'indicateurs issus de ces trois domaines vise à compenser le manque chronique de moyens financiers et humains pour la gestion des pêcheries coralliennes des îles du Pacifique sud. Nous suggérons que leur utilisation s'effectue au travers d'une grille d'évaluation ou tableau de bord répondant à des situations précises et des objectifs de gestion définis lors d'une approche participative. La portée opérationnelle de ce tableau de bord de gestion de la pêche repose sur i) la concertation engagée entre les usagers, ii) l'objectivité du suivi préconisé, iii) la transcription visuelle des intérêts convergents et/ou divergents des acteurs, et iv) leur implication dans le processus de décision. Les modalités et contraintes d'application de cet outil sont décrites sur l'exemple de l'atoll d'Ouvéa (Nouvelle-Calédonie, Pacifique Sud), pour lequel une analyse des indicateurs disponibles pour décrire l'état des pêcheries a été réalisée.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (EDP Sciences), 2005-07 , Vol. 18 , N. 3 , P. 199-213

Droits : 2005 EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-716.pdf
DOI:10.1051/alr:2005026
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/716/