Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
In the foreground are archaeologist Ripley Pierce Bullen and his wife, bioanthropologist Adelaide Kendall Bullen. Ripley Bullen was the curator emeritus at the Florida State Museum, currently the Florida Museum of Natural History, at the University of Florida. Adelaide Bullen was the Research Associate in Anthropology at the Florida State Museum. In the background of the restaurant is a painting of a Bahamian market scene which includes fruit, fish, straw vendors, shoppers, a police officer, and surrey carriage. Slide labeled Bullens at Nassau Restaurant, April '65.
Bahamas -- North America -- New Providence Island

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 17:18
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00029537/00001

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
Group of men sitting and cleaning fish at the wharf near the Nassau Harbor. Behind them is a wooden barrel.
Bahamas -- North America --Nassau, New Providence Island

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 14:17
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00029395/00001

Résumé : In the beginning, the coastal fleet of the Bigouden region fished by trawling and was completely focused on exploiting lobster and hake. It is a traditional business that expanded between the last war and the 70s, reaching its peak between 1975 and 1980. The best image to give an idea of this fleet is that of a "bucket waterwheel" endlessly discharging its catch in the four ports of the Guilvinec district. Where there is a seafaring business in Guilvinec, Loctudy and Saint-Guénolé, there is a complementarity that is expressed in two ways: - coastal fishing constitutes a very noticeable and regular supplement to production, since sales happen daily and only bad winter weather causes a relative decrease in the supplement. - coastal fishing gives a flattering image of the port based on the display of high-quality leading market products: daily live lobster, hake and angler. In this study, we have above all tried to evaluate the situation of the Bigouden coastal system as an entity, while including in the same analysis the species, fleets and the exploitation of the resource. For the main species, a balance sheet is proposed. It covers the lobster, hake and angler separately. Lobster, because of its small amount of movement, can be considered as being an isolated stock, while fish belong to much more wide-ranging groups. The lobster has gained from various increases in meshing that have been imposed since 1971, even if these have not always been strictly applied. One of the results of this management by means of meshing is a "depreciation" of the variations of daily yields around an average value of 100kg. For the hake, the dominant trait is an increase in yields in the last few years in accordance with an improvement of the situation in the Gulf of Gascony due to a generalised decrease of effort and a modification of the exploitation profile since the appearance of boulters and straight nets. Whereas the situation for lobster fisheries, as regards the hake's marketable size, did not improve, since the demand for small hake still exists, we have nonetheless been witnessing for about ten years a slow diversification of the fleets' business activities, which is much more in line with sequential hake fisheries' logical outline of exploitation. When lobster yields decrease, one part of the fleet focuses on the fish at the edges of the lobster fisheries. For the angler, we see rather similar phenomena and a significant increase in unloading of the two species by lobster fishermen due also to a widening of their fishing areas. On the lobster mudflats themselves, there is no notable change in exploitation in the historical records. All studies of coastal fishing always come up against the problem of acquiring statistical data and the Bigouden region is no exception to the rule. To improve this situation, in 1987 and 1988 two items were chosen: - a better awareness of the activity and of the areas frequented, by survey during unloading in Guilvinec and in Loctudy. - a detailed description of the haul by species, by sampling, in Loctudy, on two-thirds of coastal sales, between December 1987 and November 1988. For this reason, analysis of fleets by type is still cursory and covers only one year. The appearance of new trends towards fish can only be described qualitatively, since there is no historical record. The classification of boats was done by analysing data furnished by the auctions. This first assessment is not necessarily reliable, above all because of the auctions' inaccurate description of the hauls, a deficiency that we have tried to overcome by surveying in Loctudy. In conclusion, we are witnessing in the Bigouden region, as in other entities, a rebalancing between traditional business activities and modern trends. Lobster fishing, almost exclusive before the 1980s, is tending to decrease for two main reasons: - a generalised decrease in activity in the lobster fisheries due to non-renewal of coastal fish fleets, - The transfer of part of the lobster fishermen's activities to fish, since the lobster and its accompanying catch no longer seemed able to insure the economic viability of new ships. Other maritime districts resolved their lobster problem in a different way. The Lorient fishermen improved their yields by using more capable trawlers, the fishermen of Sable by exploiting the hake fish run to the fullest and limiting their lobster fishing to the best season. The Bigouden region is slowly turning to the second solution, as it renews its fleet.
A ses origines, la flottille côtière du pays bigouden péchant au chalut, est tout entière orientée vers l'exploitation de la langoustine et du merlu. Il s'agit d'une activité traditionnelle qui s' amplifie entre la dernière guerre et les années 70 pour atteindre son apogée entre 1975 et 1980. La meilleure image que l'on puisse donner de cette flottille est celle d'une "noria" débarquant inlassablement sa capture dans les quatre ports du quartier du Guilvinec. Là où existe une activité hauturière à Guilvinec, Loctudy et Saint-Guénolé, il y a une complémentarité qui s'exprime de deux manières : - la pêche côtière constitue un appoint très appréciable et régulier de production, puisque la vente est quotidienne et que seules les intempéries hivernales entraînent une baisse relative des apports. - la pêche côtière donne du port une image flatteuse basée sur la présentation de produits d'appel de grande qualité : langoustine vivante, merlu et baudroies quotidiens. Dans cette étude, nous avons surtout tenté de faire le point sur le système côtier bigouden en tant qu'entité, en englobant dans la même analyse des espèces, les flottilles et l'exploitation de la ressource. Pour les espèces principales, un bilan est proposé. Il couvre séparément la langoustine, le merlu et les baudroies. La langoustine, en raison de ses faibles déplacements, peut être considérée comme constituant un stock isolé, alors que les poissons appartiennent à des ensembles beaucoup plus vastes. La langoustine a beaucoup gagné des diverses augmentations de maillage qui ont été imposées depuis 1971, même si elles n'ont pas toujours été appliquées avec rigueur. Un des résultats de cette gestion par les maillages est un "amortissement" des variations des rendements journaliers autour d'une valeur moyenne de 100 kg. Pour le merlu, le trait dominant est une augmentation des rendements dans les dernières années en accord avec une amélioration de la situation dans le Golfe de Gascogne due à une baisse généralisée de l'effort et à une modification du profil d'exploitation depuis l'apparition des palangriers et des filets droits. Si la situation sur les pêcheries de langoustine, au regard de la taille marchande du merlu, ne s'est pas améliorée puisque la demande de petits merluchons existe toujours, on assiste par contre depuis une dizaine d'années à une diversification lente des activités des flottilles entrant beaucoup mieux dans le schéma logique d'exploitation des pêcheries séquentielles de merlu. Quand les rendements en langoustine baissent, une partie de la flottille s'oriente vers les poisson sur les marges des pêcheries de langoustine. Pour les baudroies on observe des phénomènes assez analogues et une augmentation importante des débarquements des deux espèces par les langoustiniers due également à un élargissement de leurs zones de pêche. Sur les vasières à langoustine elles-mêmes, il n'y a pas de modification notable de l'exploitation dans la série historique. Toute étude des pêches côtières se heurte toujours au problème d'acquisition des données statistiques et le pays bigouden n'échappe pas à la règle. Pour améliorer cette situation, en 1987 et 1988, deux points ont été retenus : - une meilleure connaissance de l'effort et des zones fréquentées, par enquête au moment des débarquements à Guilvinec et à Loctudy, - une description détaillée des apports par espèce, par échantillonnage, à Loctudy, sur les 2/3 des ventes côtières, entre décembre 1987 et novembre 1988. Pour cette raison, l'analyse de flottilles en types est encore sommaire et n'a porté que sur une année. L'apparition des tendances nouvelles vers le poisson ne peut être décrite que qualitativement puisque la série historique n'existe pas. La classification des bateaux a été faite par l'analyse des données fournies par les criées. Ce premier diagnostic ne présente pas toutes les garanties en raison surtout d'une description peu fidèle des apports par les criées, déficience que l'on a essayé de pallier en enquêtant à Loctudy. En conclusion, on assiste dans le pays bigouden comme dans d'autres entités à un rééquilibrage entre les activités traditionnelles et des orientations modernes. La pêche de langoustine, quasi exclusive avant les années 1980, tend à décroître pour deux raisons principales : - une baisse généralisée de l'effort sur les pêcheries de langoustine due au nonrenouvellement des flottilles de pêche côtière, - le report d'une partie de l'effort des langoustiniers vers les pêcheries de poissons, la langoustine et sa capture accessoire ne semblant plus pouvoir assurer la rentabilité économique des navires neufs. D'autres quartiers maritimes ont résolu de façon différente leur problème langoustine. Les Lorientais ont amélioré leurs rendements en adoptant des chaluts plus performants, les Sablais en exploitant à fond la séquence des pêcheries de merlu et en limitant leur intervention sur la langoustine à la saison la plus favorable. Le pays bigouden s'engage lentement dans la seconde solution, au rythme du renouvellement de sa flottille.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/rapport-2202.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2202/

Résumé : The development of large pelagic fishing in the French Antilles is an integral part of a difficult economic situation of the fishing sector in Martinique where this development can seem like a solution to increasingly acute problems. Indeed, for the regulatory authorities as well as for many participants in the sector, it is imperative to find solutions to the lack of profitability of a part of the fishing ships and to confront the regular increase of the share of imports in supplying Martinique with seafood. This question about the possibilities of developing large pelagic fishing is not new since it is already mentioned in the Notice from the Economic and Social Committee of the Martinique Region in 1982. We will not show in this document a detailed analysis of small-scale fishing in Martinique. Since the latter has been abundantly studied by the team of the Caribbean Oceanological and Halieutic Research Centre (PROHC) between 1985 and 1987, we will take up these principal conclusions (with which we are in full agreement) and bring them up to date based on data collected during our mission from 11 to 24 April 1988. The first section devoted to the supply structure (local fishing and imports) will attempt to define under what conditions large pelagic fishing can be developed. The second section will address marketing and demand. Indeed, at the same time as the problems of developing large pelagic fishing, we are faced with the question of the organisation of seafood markets. This organisation is a fundamental issue for the small-scale fishing sector in the French Antilles since its long-term future depends upon it by setting different prices and amounts exchanged according to the structure it is given. We will come to a conclusion on the economic conditions of developing a large pelagic fishery and organising a market, this based on research and study work already done. We will indicate which investigations must be conducted to complete the set of factors for decision support in this area. To perform this assessment, we reconstructed from the long series 1970-1986 (sometimes with significant inadequacies): these are presented as an appendix.
(OCR non controlé) Le développement de la pêche de grands pélagiques dans les Antilles Françaises s'inscrit dans un contexte économique difficile du secteur de la pêche en Martinique où ce développement peut apparaître comme une solution à des problèmes de plus en plus aigus. En effet, pour les autorités de tutelle ainsi que pour de nombreux intervenants dans le secteur, il est impératif de trouver des solutions au manque de rentabilité d'une partie des unités de pêche et de faire face à l'augmentation régulière de la part des importations dans l'approvisionnement de la Martinique en produits de la mer. Cette question sur les possibilités d'un développement de la pêche de grands pélagiques n'est pas nouvelle puisqu'elle est déjà évoquée dans l'Avis du Comité Economique et Social de la Région Martinique en 1982. On ne présentera pas dans ce document une analyse détaillée de la pêche artisanale en Martinique. Celle-ci ayant été abondamment étudiée par l'équipe du Pôle de Recherche Océanologique et Halieutique Caraïbe (PROHC) entre 1985 et 1987, on reprendra ces principales conclusions (avec lesquelles nous sommes en plein accord) en les actualisant à partir des informations recueillies lors de notre mission du 11 au 24 avril 1988. La première section consacrée à la structure d'offre (pêche locale et importations) s'attachera à définir dans quelles conditions peut être développée une pêche de grands pélagiques. Là seconde section traitera de la commercialisation et de la demande. En effet parallèlement aux problèmes de développement d'une pêche de grands pélagiques, se pose la question de l'organisation du marché des produits de la mer. Cette organisation est un enjeu primordial pour le secteur de la pêche artisanale dans les Antilles Françaises puisqu'elle conditionne son avenir à long terme en définissant des prix et des quantités échangées différents suivant la structure qu'on lui donne. On conclura sur les conditions économiques du développement d'une pêche de grands pélagiques et de l'organisation d'un marché, ceci à partir des travaux de recherche et des études déjà réalisés. On indiquera quelles investigations doivent être menées pour compléter l'ensemble des éléments d'aide à la décision dans ce domaine. Pour effectuer cette évaluation, on a reconstituer des séries longues 1970-1986 (parfois avec des carences importantes) : celles-ci sont présentées en annexe.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1988/rapport-2519.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2519/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Abidjan is the biggest fishing harbour of tropical tunas in the Gulf of Guinea (around 100 000 mt per year). Three canneries work on four species (yellowfin, skipjack, bigeye and albacore). Small size tuna, minor tuna and by-catches are refused by the canneries and are sold on the local market fish. It is the only part of the industrial purse seine catches directly sold in Abidjan. Since 1990, fishing operations on schools of tuna associated with artificial drifting FADs has become widespread. Log fishery allow to catch a majority of small tunas, and generates by-catches of various other pelagic species associated to the logs. The landed amounts of local market fish have increased: from 8 500 Mt per year estimated between 1987 and 1990, 21 000 Mt is reached between 1991 and 1993. Since 1994, controls have been carried out by French fishing companies. A sampling scheme allows us to analyse precisely the landings since 1998. From an interdisciplinary approach, we study the socio-economic role of this local fish market, especially the links between the different actors on this market, and we analyse his impact on fishing strategies by identifying the distribution networks (actors, prices, profit) and estimating the turnovers connected to this sector.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15318/12642.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15318/

Éditeur(s) : EDP Sciences
Résumé : Market position and its evolution were analysed in nine key fish and cephalopod species subject to long-term changes, using the Bay of Biscay fisheries as a case study. Although such long term changes have already been documented, and in some cases shown to be related to the impacts of fishing, changes in the physical environment, or both, relatively little work has been devoted to their potential consequences in economic terms. The nature and extent of these consequences was determined in the present study by looking at the composition of the affected fish production, and the status of different fish products on the markets. We propose a methodology to characterize market position for this set of nine species. The selected species represent a significant part of the gross turnover of French fishing fleets operating in the bay. These species were characterized in terms of their potential sensitivity to fishing and changes in environmental conditions due to global warming. We separated species potentially positively (Engraulis encrasicolus and Lophius budegassa) and negatively affected (Pollachius pollachius and Lophius piscatorius) by warming. Evolution of the value of production of the nine species was then depicted using analysis of macro-economic index (production and potential consumption) and price indices. This revealed the relatively high sensitivity of domestic production to the market crisis that occurred in France in the early 1990s, compared to imported and exported products. The relative position of individual species, with respect to the market and its evolution between 1990 and 2005, was analyzed by multi-factorial analysis. Results derived from the analysis clearly distinguish two groups of species, the first characterized by higher prices (monkfish, Nephrops, sole, seabass) and the second by larger volumes available on the French market (pollack, hake, anchovy, sardine, cuttlefish). We conclude that a major part (69 to 87%) of the gross turnover associated with catches of these fish species in the Bay of Biscay remains potentially unaffected by long-term changes related to climate.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (EDP Sciences), 2008-07 , Vol. 21 , N. 3 , P. 307-316

Droits : EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2008
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4716.pdf
DOI:10.1051/alr:2008047
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4716/

Éditeur(s) : Communication at the IIFET Conference Tromso 1998
Résumé : (not controled OCR) like most other caribbean islands, martinique suffers a reduction in fisheries resources and is now a net importer of seafood products since no major expansion of aquaculture production has been done. nevertheless, this island has numerous assets for marine aquaculture development : tropical clean waters, developed infrastructures and market channels, financial support for research, training and extension due to its tight political and economic connection with france. red drum is a subtropical fish introduced in martinique in 1985 from the south of usa for aquaculture purposes. from 1987 to 1993, ifremer worked on rearing techniques in martiniquan conditions. once the farming techniques were perfected, questions raised about red drum marketing potential and of economic viability of red drum farms in order to attract investments and entrepreneurs. that is the reason why a market analysis and a financial analysis have been carried out. the results of these studies indicate that martiniquan fish farming could be profitable, due to the rapid build-up of the facilities and to the sho rt production cycles. the good quality of infrastructures in martinique, the high purchase power of the population in comparison with most caribbean islands and the frequent air links with europe are important comparative advantages. the market analysis has revealed a good potential on the domestic market thanks to the development of the supermarkets, but has underlined the price constraint. for the french market too, production costs have to be lowered in order to compete on a market dominated by salmon.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/acte-2546.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2546/

Éditeur(s) : XXXIII International Symposium on New Species for Mediterranean Aquaculture, Alghero, 22-24 Avril 1998
Résumé : Mediterranean aquaculture development is now at a crossroads. The production of seabass and seabream has been increasing at a smart and constant pace for the last ten years. Nevertheless, it is still far behind the Northern European salmonid industry in terms of level of production, reduction of production costs and market internationalisation. Meanwhile, an in depth transformation of market conditions is ongoing in Europe which remains the main target market for Mediterranean aquaculture products. The most important issues are the soaring role of supermarkets in the distribution chain, the development of new processing techniques like pre-packed fresh fish, the growing importance of catering and the evolution of the consumer behaviour. Seafood consumer behaviour results from contradictory attitudes such as scrutiny of products' origin and farming process, research of the best value for money, desire of social image and need for easy to store and ready to cook fish. As in any other seafood industry, product differentiation has become a pre-requisite to fit consumer's demand and reach new consumers thanks to market segmentation. From a theoretical point of view, two kinds of differentiation have to be taken into account: horizontal differentiation basedon the diversity of presentations of the same quality and vertical differentiation based on a hierarchy of quality. Examining precedents in the poultry industry and salmonid industry make it possible to assess the potential role new species may play in product differentiation. In the case of Mediterranean aquaculture, an analysis of the market structure for fresh fish in France, Italy and Greece reveals two different ways of product differentiation: new well known species with a good image for connoisseur markets and standard quality fish provided by species with high growth potential for the mass market. In any case, particular attention has to be given to reputation, long term production costs and capacity to provide a large range of products. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/acte-4008.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4008/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Frontiers Media
Résumé : International audience
Coral reef fisheries support the development of local and national economies and are the basis of important cultural practices and worldviews. Transitioning economies, human development, and environmental stress can harm this livelihood. Here we focus on a transitioning social-ecological system as a case study (Moorea, French Polynesia). We review fishing practices and three decades of effort and landing estimates with the broader goal of informing management. Fishery activities in Moorea are quite challenging to quantify because of the diversity of gears used, the lack of centralized access points or markets, the high participation rates of the population in the fishery, and the overlapping cultural and economic motivations to catch fish. Compounding this challenging diversity, we lack a basic understanding of the complex interplay between the cultural, subsistence, and commercial use of Moorea's reefs. In Moorea, we found an order of magnitude gap between estimates of fishery yield produced by catch monitoring methods (2 t km −2 ∼ year −1) and estimates produced using consumption or participatory socioeconomic consumer surveys (∼24 t km −2 year −1). Several lines of evidence suggest reef resources may be overexploited and stakeholders have a diversity of opinions as to whether trends in the stocks are a cause for concern. The reefs, however, remain ecologically resilient. The relative health of the reef is striking given the socioeconomic context. Moorea has a relatively high population density, a modern economic system linked into global flows of trade and travel, and the fishery has little remaining traditional or customary management. Other islands in the Pacific in similar contexts in Polynesia such as Hawaii, that continue to develop economically, may have small-scale fisheries that increasingly resemble Moorea. Therefore, understanding Moorea's reef fisheries may provide insight into their future.
ISSN: 2296-7745

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01325804
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01325804
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01325804/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01325804/file/fmars-03-00070.pdf
DOI : 10.3389/fmars.2016.00070

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Since 1980 a programme of Fish Aggregation Device (fad) deployment has been carried out in the Cook Islands. Government has deployed all fads between 1 to 3 nautical miles from shore at depths ranging from 800 to 1,600 metres. The fads have undergone various designs with varying degrees of success. The average fad lifespan during the early 1980s was nine months; however, it increased to 18 months, with some fads in operation in excess of 30 months. Each fad cost between nz$ 7,000 and nz$ 9,000 to build and deploy. Since their introduction, fad have been widely accepted as a very effective apparatus in coastal small-scale fishing activities, specifically for pelagic species. Judging by the progressive behaviour of local fishing communities, there is sufficient reason to believe that fads have created productive fishing zones for Cook Islands fishermen to enable them to supply the ever-increasing local market for fresh fish. fads are an integral part of local fishing communities and provide a reasonable form of income to the increasing fishing community.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15323/12654.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15323/

Résumé : The purpose of this book is to value the economic significance of marine-related activities in France. Each industrial, or public non-commercial, sector is characterized by key figures relating to annual turnover, value added, employment and budget. These figures are accompanied with qualitative information on the recent development, current situation and future perspectives of the sector in terms of markets, employment and technological progress. Public and private R&D is also allowed for. Given the diversity of marine-related activities, this information aims at enabling the reader to assess their importance from a comparative angle. From the sector-based approach it is possible to draw certain conclusions. Notably, commercial activities contributed over 1,3% of the GDP in 1995, such ratio having to be seen as a minimum estimate, worked out on the basis of available data. Seaside-related tourism is by far the most important industry. Most activities experienced a decrease in employment in the first half of the '90s. The estimated annual amount spent on R&D was over FFr 4,5 billion in the recent past period 1995-1996.
Le présent ouvrage a pour but d'évaluer l'importance économique des activités liées à la mer en France. Chaque secteur - industriel marchand, public non marchand - est caractérisé par des chiffres clés portant sur le chiffre d'affaires annuel, la valeur ajoutée, l'emploi, le budget. Ces indicateurs sont accompagnés d'informations qualitatives sur l'évolution récente, la situation actuelle et les perspectives du secteur : marchés, emplois, progrès technique. La R&D publique et privée est également prise en compte. Compte tenu de la diversité des activités liées à la mer, ces informations visent à permettre au lecteur d'en apprécier l'importance sous un angle comparatif. L'approche sectorielle permet de tirer certaines conclusions. Notamment, les activités marchandes ont contribué à plus de 1,3 % du PIB en 1995, un tel ratio devant être compris comme un minimum, calculé à partir des données disponibles. Le tourisme littoral est, de loin, l'activité la plus importante. Dans la plupart des branches, l'emploi baisse dans la première moitié des années 1990. Les dépenses annuelles de R&D sont estimées à plus de 4,5 milliards de francs dans la période récente 1995-1996.

Droits : 1997 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2001/rapport-1347.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1347/

Résumé : The european red spiny lobster, Palinurus elephas, is the main target species of the small-scale fishery in Corsica. The fishery is described fleet, fishing areas, fishing strategy and fishing gear ; fishing effort, yield, c.p.u.e, and complementary.catches ; resource condition. Its specific problem, the economic overfishing, is analysed. Finally, it has been tried to assess the fishing regulation impact (minimum market size, fishing seasonal close, fishing sanctuaries).
La langouste rouge européenne, Palinurus elephas, est, en Corse, la principale cible des "petits métiers". On présente la pêcherie de langouste (flottille ; secteurs, stratégie et engin de pêche, effort de pêche, production, p.u.e., captures complémentaires ; état de la ressource) ; et on évoque son problème spécifique : la surexploitation économique. Enfin, on tente d'évaluer l'impact des mesures encadrant l'exploitation (taille marchande minimale, fermeture saisonnière de la pêche, réserves de pêche).

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1988/rapport-1538.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1538/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999 15-19 octobre 1999
Résumé : The Mediterranean small-scale fleet is highly adaptive, showing a dynamic fishing intensity and strategy, and exploiting seasonal abundant resources. In this area, the aggregatory behaviour under floats of juvenile fish has been used since ancient times to exploit oceanic migratory species such as dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), using Fish Aggregating anchored Devices (fads). A total of 2 300 boats are engaged in this fishery from August to December, the main fishing areas being those around Malta, Tunisia, Sicily and Majorca. The fads ( arrow right m2) are made of different cheap floating materials, and are moored in fixed places, ranging from shore waters to areas 60 miles off the coast (1 500 m depth). Each boat deploys an average of 20 to 100 fads. The gears used are special surrounding nets without purse line, and traditional purse seine nets. The fishery exploits young-of-the-year dolphinfish (<6 months old), originated by a pre-spawning migration of adults from Atlantic waters. Their catches show high annual and monthly variability, depending on the recruitment and the accessibility of recruits to the fishery. Pilotfish (Naucrates ductor) and greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) are also exploited in this fishery as by-catch. A total of about 1 000 metric tons of dolphinfish are yearly caught mainly in September-October. The fads are historically laid in August. Recently, the fads fishing period has increased in Sicily, and the fads are laid in July, so as to catch pilotfish and greater amberjak juveniles. In recent years, the interest for this fishing method and the study of these fisheries has increased in the Mediterranean. Though the market and its seasonality limit this exploitation, this fishery is economically profitable with good revenue.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15286/12672.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15286/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme
Résumé : International audience
For over a century, the complementary nature of fishing and farming activities in the floodplain of the Rufiji River (Tanzania) has formed the basis of the economy in its villages. Starting in the 1970s, the fishery evolved from a seasonal activity practiced on foot during flooding and using traditional traps to year-round dugout canoe operated lake fisheries using nets.The paper analyses the drivers of this change. After having rejected the simplistic technocratic hypothesis that technical innovation equals progress, the paper examines the relevance of the productivity of the different fishing techniques in the light of the evolution of the role of fisheries in the village economy. During the change-over period, the national and international economy deprives the villages of their main habitual sources of cash income. In the absence of any alternative, fisheries imposed themselves as the unique source of cash income, a function they can only fulfil if practiced year-round and this can only be achieved using canoes and nets. However, the perception of the causes of these changes in the villages is differentiated. For those who initiated the change-over, and who are now of an advanced age, the main driver of the transition to nets was the empowerment of the youth versus the elders. Such an interpretation resonates well with the economic determinants. However, it requires considering the modernisation process as a contextualised multi-sided expression of market globalisation.
Depuis plus d’un siècle, l’économie des villages de la plaine inondable du Rufiji (Tanzanie) est fondée sur la complémentarité des activités agricoles et des activités halieutiques. À partir de la fin des années 1970, les pêches traditionnelles à la nasse, pratiquées à pied saisonnièrement lors de la crue annuelle, sont supplantées par les pêches embarquées (pirogues monoxyles) au filet dans les lacs, pratiquées elles toute l’année. L’article s’interroge sur les déterminants de cette substitution.Après avoir rejeté l’hypothèse techniciste vulgaire qui voudrait que l’innovation technique soit synonyme de progrès, la pertinence du critère de productivité des différentes techniques de pêche est examinée à la lumière de l’évolution de la place des activités halieutiques dans l’économie villageoise. Il apparaît qu’à partir de cette époque, l’évolution économique nationale et internationale prive les villageois de leurs principales ressources monétaires habituelles. En l’absence de toute alternative, la pêche s’impose alors comme unique source de revenu monétaire, une fonction qu’elle ne peut remplir qu’à condition d’être pratiquée tout au long de l’année, ce que seules les techniques au filet permettent. Cependant, les représentations villageoises des causes de la généralisation de la pêche au filet sont différentes. Pour ceux d’entre eux, aujourd’hui très âgés, qui furent les pionniers de cette innovation, c’est le souci d’émancipation des cadets vis-à-vis des aînés qui aurait été le moteur de l’adoption de techniques de pêche au filet. Ce point de vue entre en résonance avec les déterminations économiques à condition de considérer le processus de modernisation comme manifestation multiforme contextualisée de la mondialisation marchande.
ISSN: 0248-6016

hal-01344410
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01344410
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01344410/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01344410/file/Pauletal2015Version_Def.pdf

Éditeur(s) : ISTPM
Résumé : In November and December 1959, one of us was assigned by the Credit and Technical Assistance Society (SATEC) to do a study on shrimp fishing on the Guiana Shield as practised by American trawlers (Figure 1). This study had both technological and biological goals. It was first necessary to describe the fishing boats and the methods used by American shrimp boats to fish in the Guianas. Each step of processing and packaging of the shrimp was monitored on board as well as on land, from catch up to storage under refrigerated conditions until commercialisation. It was then necessary to evaluate the relative proportions of shrimp and fish in the catches in order to establish the factors governing productivity of the operations. This was done with a view for establishing a fleet of fishing boats in French Guyana wishing to exploit as much of the catches as possible. American trawlers discard all fish and shellfish that are not marketable by American standards. The flat trawls used by ships based in Georgetown (British Guyana) or in Paramaribo (Surinam) are not designed for catching fish; but during the expedition off the shore of Surinam, we observed that a good part of catches was made up of various marketable species, including flatfishes, many goatfishes, pompano fishes, rockfishes, etc. It was thus important to weigh, insofar as possible, species that were discarded. ... (unverified OCR)
En novembre et décembre 1959, l'un de nous était chargé par la Société d'assistance technique et de crédit (SATEC) d'une étude de la pêche à la crevette telle que la pratiquent les chalutiers américains (fig. 1 ) sur le plateau continental des Guyanes. Cette étude avait deux buts, technologique et biologique. Il fallait tout d'abord décrire les engins et les méthodes utilisés par les crevettiers américains pour exploiter les fonds guyanais et suivre pas à pas le travail de transformation et de conditionnement des crustacés, à bord comme à terre, de la capture jusqu'au stockage sous froid avant la commercialisation. Il était nécessaire ensuite d'évaluer les proportions relatives des crevettes et des poissons dans les apports, ceci pour établir les facteurs de rentabilité des opérations dans le cas de la mise en place, en Guyane française, d'armements métropolitains soucieux d'utiliser la presque totalité des captures. Les chalutiers américains rejettent en effet à la mer tout ce qui n'est pas crustacé commercialisable selon les normes observées aux Etats-Unis. Certes les chaluts plats utilisés par les navires basés à Georgetown (Guyane britannique) ou à Paramaribo (Surinam) ne sont pas des engins destinés à la capture des poissons mais, au cours de la marée effectuée au large du Surinam sur l'un des bateaux sus-cités, nous avons constaté qu'une bonne partie des captures était constituée d'espèces parfaitement commercialisables, poissons plats divers, Mullidés relativement nombreux, Carangidés, Scorpénidés, etc. Il était donc important de peser, dans la mesure du possible, ce qui était rejeté à la mer. Le marché des Antilles françaises, loin d'être saturé, pouvait être ravitaillé si les moyens de transport étaient organisés et si une infrastructure « froid » suffisante était créée. Il était peut-être possible, de plus, d'envisager la création d'une conserverie utilisant les têtes de crevettes habituellement éliminées (plus de 13 % du poids total des captures), les Scorpénidés et autres espèces ichthyologiques moins appréciées de la clientèle Antillaise, et les crustacés d'intérêt secondaire pour le marché américain : Portunidés (« cyriques »), Calappidés, crevettes de petites tailles, scyllares..., pour la confection de bisques, de soupes ou de concentrés; il suffisait pour cela d'équiper les chalutiers de cuiseurs, de broyeurs et de dessiccateurs. Les résultats obtenus ont été formulés et présentés à la SATEC sous forme d'une note ronéotypée en plusieurs cahiers dont la diffusion a été relativement restreinte. Nous reprenons ici ce travail en le développant grâce à l'exploitation des carnets de note de la mission comme de l'abondante bibliographie afférente. Les auteurs américains ont en effet beaucoup publié au sujet de la biologie des différentes espèces de Penéidés exploitées, de la technologie de la pêche comme à propos de la technologie des transformations culinaires subies par les crustacés. Les statistiques les plus récentes (LYLES, 1966) montrent que les apports pour l'année 1964 (la dernière année pour laquelle nous ayons des informations complètes) furent de 96 157 tonnes environ valant quelque 70 400 000 dollars; 99 % de cette production furent capturés au chalut de fond tandis que le reste l'était au chalut à perche, aux nasses, à l'épervier ou avec d'autres engins de type artisanal. La demande en « shrimps » outre-Atlantique est loin d'être saturée et les armements américains déplacent progressivement leurs unités vers les rares points du continent américain dont le plateau continental n'a point été, jusqu'à maintenant, exploité. Les capitaux investis dans la pêèhe proprement dite, les installations à terre et les moyens de distribution sont largement supérieurs à ceux qui ont été investis à propos de la pêche au thon et l'industrie crevettière américaine fait vivre une grande partie de la population de pêcheurs des états du sud des Etats-Unis. Le travail que nous présentons ici n'a aucun 2 prétention quant à l'établissement d'une liste faunistique du plateau guyanais pas plus qu'à une étude des fonds et la détermination précise des crevettes capturées n'a pas été tentée; le lecteur devra consulter à ce sujet les travaux de Voss (1955), DURAND (1959), HOLTHUIS (1959), BULLIS et THOMPSON (1959), HIGMAN (1959)... Nous espérons cependant que les documents que nous fournissons ici seront utiles aux professionnels soucieux de se documenter sur des techniques inutilisées encore en France, comme aux fabricants de filets qui fourniront les engins réclamés par les futurs exploitants du plateau guyanais, et peut-être par ceux de Madagascar. (OCR non contrôlé)
Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes (0035-2276) (ISTPM), 1968-12 , Vol. 32 , N. 4 , P. 477-506

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1968/publication-3191.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3191/

Éditeur(s) : John Libbey Eurotext ltd
Résumé : How may fish domestication participate in sustainable development of aquaculture? The development of fish farming currently compensates for the stagnation of fishery catches while the market demand continues to increase. The development of fish farming relies on an active diversification of farmed fish species. A diversification based on the farming of native species could reduce the environmental impact of fish culture and could better fit to needs of local markets. Such development could also favour a more integrated local economy. In this context, the building of a generic approach for multi-species domestication is required to optimise the use of the technical and financial means available for fish culture diversification.
Cahiers Agricultures (1166-7699) (John Libbey Eurotext ltd), 2009-04 , Vol. 18 , N. 2 , P. 119-124

Droits : 2009 John Libbey Eurotext ltd
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6557.pdf
DOI:10.1684/agr.2009.0293
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6557/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : A new programme concerning the experimentation of about thirty Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) is to start in the Cape Verde Islands at the end of 1999. In this context, this communication is intended: - to evaluate the halieutic, economic and social conditions of the artisanal fishery in this archipelago, notably in terms of assets and constraints. Although these conditions are very heterogeneous depending on islands, the fads seem to be able to help the stabilization and the development of the fishing activities, disadvantaged by a low productivity, limited operating ranges of boats, and very irregular outings at sea. But the narrowness of the domestic market is likely to cause drops in the fish prices if the production increases, while the absence of institutional framework may be a handicap at the level of the management (of the programme itself, and/or of some possible conflicts of uses); - to carry out an assessment of the former experiments. It emphasized the insufficiency of the follow-up and the maintenance of the structures, of which the lifespan varied at the most between four and six months, as well as the positive effects of the concentration, and the interest of the fishermen already sensitized with these structures.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15317/12644.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15317/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : In early 1980s, fad fisheries were introduced from the Philippines to Japan, mainly to Okinawa. The fisheries have well developed becoming one of the main fisheries in Okinawa where 210 fads are approved to deploy in 1999. The annual catch by roughly 1 000 boats (most of them are small) is 2500-4000 mt; average catch from one fad is about 20 mt; average catch by one boat on one day is 73 kilogrammes. fads are also important for easing the fishing pressures on bottom fish stocks. Most of the fads were deployed and managed by local fishermen's groups that have improved the structures of the system to withstand typhoons. The catches are strongly depending on the sites, usually the farther offshore, the better the catches. A variety of fishing methods are devised targeting each species and the size of the fish. Being most abundant and having relatively higher prices, yellowfin tuna is the most important and consists 68% of the total production. There have been conflicts among fishermen on the use of fads since the early stage of the fisheries development. Now, the number of fads is regulated by a management committee. Conflicts between fishermen and sport fishermen have become problems; on the other hand, the sport fishing could lead to further development of the fisheries. Degraded fish meat caused by high meat temperature and occasional oversupply have been major marketing problems since prices are strongly related to the meat quality and the fish supply.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15281/12667.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15281/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : More than ten years after its launching, an evaluation of the results of the FADs programme carried on in Reunion Island has been made. Its implementation and its impact on artisanal fishery in Reunion Island have been analysed. This analysis demonstrates that, following a continuously ascending phase, the production of fish caught on fads has reached a plateau. Parallel to the FAD-associated fishery, the longline fishery has developed since 1991. This type of fishery includes production units whose operating zone is bordering the FAD installation area. Analysing the evolution of the small longliner sector is based on general activity indicators (number of ships, production, fish selling prices). Besides, a synthesis of the interactions between those two types of fisheries, whether in terms of exploited resources, space conflicts, fishing population or market, has been effected. Judging from the complementary and antagonistic natures of the two fisheries identified above and given their evolution, the future of the FADs programme is pending. Have the fads just been a step in the evolution of the Reunion fishing system or have they modified it on a long-term basis?

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15319/12640.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15319/

Éditeur(s) : Actes du colloque, April 28-30 1997
Résumé : Due to favourable environmental conditions and political will, marine fish farming has developed recently around the Mediterranean. The Mediterranean area is characterised by a large number of islands which are extremely diversified from geographical, political or socioeconomic point of views. As a matter of fact, it turns out that almost a third of the Mediterranean fish farming production comes from these islands which have proven to offer good conditions for the development of that new activity. The reasons why somany enterprises have been established on islands are very diverse. Taking advantage of good environmental conditions is the most common motivation, since islands are usually less submitted to constraints due to town extension, industry development or intensive agriculture. Moreover, as far as European Union countries are concerned, incentive policy towards ultraperipheral or late development regions has made it possible to attribute specific subsidies to islands for aquaculture in the aim of more employment and wealth. Like any other economic activity, aquaculture has to face some specific constraints due to the insular context. Transport to and from the islands is more expensive and less regular, which has a negative impact on the price competitiveness of the insular products. Local markets are often too small to make it possible for the enterprises to develop first at a domestic level and to take advantage of economies of scale. Thanks to their positive and attractive world-wide image, Mediterranean islands could promote the quality of their products on the basis of geographical origin, of quality of the environment or of specific production processes. Information networks implementation and marketing approach in terms of image are challenges Mediterranean islands have to take up in order to supply the large European seafood market with quality products. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]
Grâce à de bonnes conditions de milieu et à une volonté politique affirmée, l'élevage des poissons marins s'est développé récemment dans la Méditerranée. Le bassin méditerranéen possède un très grand nombre d'îles qui sont très diverses de par leur caractéristiques géographiques, politiques ou socio-économiques. Près du tiers de la production de poissons marins d'élevage des pays méditerranéens est réalisée dans des îles. Les raisons qui ont incité tant d'entreprises à s'établir sur des îles sont diverses. La motivation principale avancée par les promoteurs de l'aquaculture insulaire méditerranéenne est la qualité de l'environnement des îles et la disponibilité en sites, justifiée par le fait que les îles sont moins soumises à certaines contraintes comme l'extension des villes, le développement de zones industrielles ou l'intensification de l'agriculture. La politique d'aide envers les régions ultra-périphériques ou en retard de développement a permis d'attribuer des subventions spécifiques aux îles pour développer l'aquaculture dans un objectif de création de richesse et d'emploi. Comme toute autre activité économique dans les îles, l'aquaculture doit faire face à des contraintes directement liées à l'insularité. Le transport est plus coûteux et moins régulier, ce qui a un effet négatif sur la compétitivité prix des produits. Les marchés locaux sont souvent trop petits pour permettre aux entreprises de se développer d'abord en interne et de profiter d'économies d'échelle. Une réponse possible à cette contrainte de concurrence internationale pourrait être la promotion des produits sur la base de l'origine géographique,de la qualité de l'environnement ou de procédés de production spécifiques afin de valoriser l'image très positive et la notoriété de ces îles dans le monde entier. Les réseaux dédiés à l'information, à la recherche et au transfert technologique sont des outils nécessaires pour compenser les contraintes dues à la petite taille et à l'isolement dans le but de fournir le vaste marché européen en produits de la mer de qualité. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1997/acte-4010.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4010/