Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
AimBiological invasions are major contributors to global change and native biodiversity decline. However, they are overlooked in marine conservation plans. Here, we examine for the first time the extent to which marine conservation planning research has addressed (or ignored) biological invasions. Furthermore, we explore the change of spatial priorities in conservation plans when different approaches are used to incorporate the presence and impacts of invasive species.LocationGlobal analysis with a focus on the Mediterranean Sea region.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review consisting of three steps: (1) article selection using a search engine, (2) abstract screening and (3) review of pertinent articles, which were identified in the second step. The information extracted included the scale and geographical location of each case study as well as the approach followed regarding invasive species. We also applied the software Marxan to produce and compare conservation plans for the Mediterranean Sea that either protect, or avoid areas impacted by invasives, or ignore the issue. One case study focused on the protection of critical habitats, and the other on endemic fish species.ResultsWe found that of 119 papers on marine spatial plans in specific biogeographic regions, only three (2.5%) explicitly took into account invasive species. When comparing the different conservation plans for each case study, we found that the majority of selected sites for protection (ca. 80%) changed in the critical habitat case study, while this proportion was lower but substantial (27%) in the endemic fish species case study.Main conclusionsBiological invasions are being widely disregarded when planning for conservation in the marine environment across local to global scales. More explicit consideration of biological invasions can significantly alter spatial conservation priorities. Future conservation plans should explicitly account for biological invasions to optimize the selection of marine protected areas.
ISSN: 1366-9516

hal-01431351
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01431351
DOI : 10.1111/ddi.12491

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Sci Ltd
Résumé : Non-use values (i.e. economic values assigned by individuals to ecosystem goods and services unrelated to current or future uses) provide one of the most compelling incentives for the preservation of ecosystems and biodiversity. Assessing the non-use values of non-users is relatively straightforward using stated preference methods, but the standard approaches for estimating non-use values of users (stated decomposition) have substantial shortcomings which undermine the robustness of their results. In this paper, we propose a pragmatic interpretation of non-use values to derive estimates that capture their main dimensions, based on the identification of a willingness to pay for ecosystem protection beyond one's expected life. We empirically test our approach using a choice experiment conducted on coral reef ecosystem protection in two coastal areas in New Caledonia with different institutional, cultural, environmental and socio-economic contexts. We compute individual willingness to pay estimates, and derive individual non-use value estimates using our interpretation. We find that, a minima, estimates of non-use values may comprise between 25 and 40% of the mean willingness to pay for ecosystem preservation, less than has been found in most studies.
Ocean & Coastal Management (0964-5691) (Elsevier Sci Ltd), 2015-03 , Vol. 105 , P. 1-14

Droits : 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00244/35564/35398.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.12.010
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00244/35564/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Genetic diversity is crucial for species' maintenance and persistence, yet is often overlooked in conservation studies. Species diversity is more often reported due to practical constraints, but it is unknown if these measures of diversity are correlated. In marine invertebrates, adults are often sessile or sedentary and populations exchange genes via dispersal of gametes and larvae. Species with a larval period are expected to have more connected populations than those without larval dispersal. We assessed the relationship between measures of species and genetic diversity, and between dispersal ability and connectivity. We compiled data on genetic patterns and life history traits in nine species across five phyla. Sampling sites spanned 600km in the northwest Mediterranean Sea and focused on a 50-km area near Marseilles, France. Comparative population genetic approaches yielded three main results. (i) Species without larvae showed higher levels of genetic structure than species with free-living larvae, but the role of larval type (lecithotrophic or planktotrophic) was negligible. (ii) A narrow area around Marseilles, subject to offshore advection, limited genetic connectivity in most species. (iii) We identified sites with significant positive contributions to overall genetic diversity across all species, corresponding with areas near low human population densities. In contrast, high levels of human activity corresponded with a negative contribution to overall genetic diversity. Genetic diversity within species was positively and significantly linearly related to local species diversity. Our study suggests that local contribution to overall genetic diversity should be taken into account for future conservation strategies.
ISSN: 0962-1083

hal-01681650
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01681650
DOI : 10.1111/mec.14389

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Linnean Society of London
Résumé : Disentangling the impact of landscape features such as rivers and historical events on dispersal is a challenging but necessary task to gain a comprehensive picture of the evolution of diverse biota such as that found in Amazonia. Adenomera andreae, a small, territorial, terrestrial frog species of the Amazonian forest represents a good model for such studies. We combined cytochrome b sequences with 12 microsatellites to investigate the genetic structure at two contrasted spatial scales in French Guiana: along a similar to 6-km transect, to evaluate dispersal ability, and between paired bank populations along a similar to 65-km stretch of the Approuague river, to test the effect of rivers as barriers to dispersal. We observed significant spatial genetic structure between individuals at a remarkably small geographical scale, and conclude that the species has a restricted dispersal ability that is probably tied to its life-history traits. Mitochondrial and microsatellite data also indicate a high level of differentiation among populations on opposite banks of the river, and, in some cases, among populations on the same riverbank. These results suggest that the observed population structure in A. andreae is the result of restricted dispersal abilities combined with the action of rivers and Quaternary population isolation. Given that Amazonia hosts a great portion of anurans, as well as other small vertebrates, that display life-history traits comparable with A. andreae, we argue that our analyses provide new insights into the complex interactions among evolutionary processes shaping Amazonian biodiversity. (c) 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 106, 356373.
ISSN: 0024-4066

hal-01032422
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032422
DOI : 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01871.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The geology of the North Pyrenean Zone in the central Pyrenees allows for the observation in the field of theentire section of the Pyrenean rift, from the mantle to the crust and the Mesozoic cover (pre, syn and post rift).The good knowledge we have of the pre-Alpine history of the Pyrenees allows us to properly constrain the Alpinegeological evolution of the pre-Triassic rocks which record both Variscan and Alpine orogenic cycles.The mantle outcrop as kilometric to centimetric fragments of peridotite dispersed within a carbonate metamorphicbreccia. The study of peridotite serpentinisation shows several events of low-temperature serpentinisation, incontact with seawater. In some locallities, we can observe a mixture of fragments of variously serpentinizedperidotites. This suggests a tectonic context where fragments of peridotites from different structural levels weresampled more or less synchronously.The granulitic basement is characterized by a Variscan syndeformational HT event (300-280 Ma). So farwe have not found any trace of a Cretaceous HT event (> 500C). On the other hand, the basement is affectedby a regional metasomatism that began during the Jurassic and became more spatially focused with time until itwas restricted to the Pyrenean rift during the Aptien, Albian and Cenomanian. The talc-chlorite metasomatism(120-95 Ma) shows an evolution from a static toward a syn-deformation hydrothermal event, under a more or lessnormal geothermal gradient. Extensional deformation is recorded by the reworking of several inherited low-angleVariscan tectonic contacts, but also by dispersed high-angle extensional shear zones formed under greenshistconditions.The metamorphic Mesozoic cover of the basement massifs, which constitute the so-called Internal MetamorphicZone, is an allochtonous unit made of lenses of Mesozoic rocks enclosed into the breccia, whichlocally contains peridotite and basement clasts. The Mesozoic metamorphic carbonates show a first phase ofsyn-metamorphic (450-600C, P < 2 kb) ductile deformation, and subsequent phases of folding and fracturing.The datation of neoformed minerals give a 108-85 Ma time span for the metamorphism. We interpret this brecciaas an abandonment breccia which marks the emergence of the main detachment. The basal contact of the Mesozoiccover has a complex 3D geometry traced by Triassic evaporites. It corresponds to a major pre- and synorogenicpolyphased tectonic contact.All these data show a geometrically complex hyper-extended rift where the crust was not stretched under ahigh geothermal gradient but thinned by the tectonic extraction of relatively thin lenses and perhaps cut by highangle low-grade shear zones. The 3D geometry, as well as the strain records and the breccia lithologies stronglysuggest a non-cylindricity for the exhumation process, probably within a transtentional system
Geophysical Research Abstracts
Vienne, Austria

insu-01510371
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01510371