Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis
Résumé : International audience
ternational Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 352 recovered a high-fidelity record of volcanism related to subduction initiation in the Bonin fore-arc. Two sites (U1440 and U1441) located in deep water nearer to the trench recovered basalts and related rocks; two sites (U1439 and U1442) located in shallower water further from the trench recovered boninites and related rocks. Drilling in both areas ended in dolerites inferred to be sheeted intrusive rocks. The basalts apparently erupted immediately after subduction initiation and have compositions similar to those of the most depleted basalts generated by rapid sea-floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, with little or no slab input. Subsequent melting to generate boninites involved more depleted mantle and hotter and deeper subducted components as subduction progressed and volcanism migrated away from the trench. This volcanic sequence is akin to that recorded by many ophiolites, supporting a direct link between subduction initiation, fore-arc spreading, and ophiolite genesis.
ISSN: 0020-6814

hal-01685628
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01685628
DOI : 10.1080/00206814.2016.1276482

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
Search String Advanced > Saved Searches >ARTICLE TOOLS Get PDF (3653K) Save to My Profile E-mail Link to this Article Export Citation for this Article Get Citation Alerts Request PermissionsMore Sharing ServicesShare|Share on citeulikeShare on facebookShare on deliciousShare on www.mendeley.comShare on twitter Abstract Article References Cited ByView Full Article (HTML) Enhanced Article (HTML) Get PDF (3653K)AbstractFor the first time, the crystallized remnant of an oceanic ridge magma chamber is documented in the Oman ophiolite. It exists in the centre of a 40 km long monoclinal ridge (Jebel Dihm, Wadi Tayin massif), exposing a full crustal section perpendicular to the spreading direction. New detailed mapping supported by U-Pb zircon geochronology suggests that the active, fast-spreading ridge that died just prior to detachment of the ophiolite is preserved and largely intact. Our observations provide insights into the crystallizing mush zone of a magma chamber, before it crosses the external walls and solidifies as deformed gabbros. Our data provide new constraints on the shape and internal dynamics of a magma chamber, including gabbro subsidence from the floor of a perched melt lens and the limited contribution of sills to crustal accretion. By locating precisely the palaeo-ridge axis, prior full spreading rate estimates can be increased to ~140 km Ma−1.
ISSN: 0954-4879

hal-01121586
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01121586
DOI : 10.1111/ter.12130

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The giant bathymodioline mussels from vents have been studied as models to understand the adaptation of organisms to deep-sea chemosynthetic environments. These mussels are closely related to minute mussels associated to organic remains decaying on the deep-sea floor. Whereas biological data accumulate for the giant mussels, the small mussels remain poorly studied. Despite this lack of data for species living on organic remains it has been hypothesized that during evolution, contrary to their relatives from vents or seeps, they did not acquire highly specialized biological features. We aim at testing this hypothesis by providing new biological data for species associated with organic falls. Within Bathymodiolinae a close phylogenetic relationship was revealed between the Bathymodiolus sensu stricto lineage (i.e. ``thermophilus'' lineage) which includes exclusively vent and seep species, and a diversified lineage of small mussels, attributed to the genus Idas, that includes mostly species from organic falls. We selected Idas iwaotakii (Habe, 1958) from this latter lineage to analyse population structure and to document biological features. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers reveal a north-south genetic structure at an oceanic scale in the Western Pacific but no structure was revealed at a regional scale or as correlated with the kind of substrate or depth. The morphology of larval shells suggests substantial dispersal abilities. Nutritional features were assessed by examining bacterial diversity coupled by a microscopic analysis of the digestive tract. Molecular data demonstrated the presence of sulphur-oxidizing bacteria resembling those identified in other Bathymodiolinae. In contrast with most Bathymodiolus s.s. species the digestive tract of I. iwaotakii is not reduced. Combining data from literature with the present data shows that most of the important biological features are shared between Bathymodiolus s.s. species and its sister-lineage. However Bathymodiolus s.s. species are ecologically more restricted and also display a lower species richness than Idas species.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01545914
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545914
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0069680

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The Parentis and Arzacq-Mauleon basins located in front of the V-shaped oceanic propagator in the Bay of Biscay present evidence for extreme crustal thinning. In this paper we investigate the 3D structure of these rift basins, based on field observations and the interpretation of seismic data. We compare these results with those obtained from two different and independent inversion methods: first a 3D gravity inversion and second the standard Euler deconvolution.;For the Mauleon Basin our results show that the positive gravimetric anomaly identified above its southern margin is the consequence of two shallower high density bodies that are separated by the Pamplona fault and a deeper high density body. The high density bodies can be explained by the presence of mid-crustal and mantle rocks that were exhumed or uplifted at shallower depth during Early Cretaceous rifting before they were reworked and integrated to the Pyrenean chain during compression phase. Also, during this reactivation phase, some slices of the exhumed mid-crustal and mantle rocks were sheared off and were integrated in the present-day thrust belt in the Mauleon basin. For the Parentis Basin we can demonstrate, based on seismic data and gravimetric inversion methods, a decrease in extension from west to east, which is compatible with the V-shape geometry of the overall basin. Along strike, a change in the fault geometry from downward concave top-basement detachment faults to upward concave high-angle faults can be observed eastwards, i.e. towards the termination of the basin. A key structure, controlling the evolution of the Parentis Basin, is the east-west trending Ibis fault. We interpret this fault to have initially formed as a strike slip fault before it was reactivated during later crustal thinning. At present, it forms the limit between an upper plate sag basin to the north and a lower plate sag basin, floored at least locally by a top-basement detachment faults to the south. The strong asymmetry of the basin is supported by the shape of the basin and the results of standard Euler deconvolution.
ISSN: 0040-1951

hal-00523444
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00523444
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2010.04.023

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Brecciated and fractured peridotites with a carbonate matrix, referred to as ophicalcites, are common features of mantle rocks exhumed in passive margins and mid-oceanic ridges. Ophicalcites have been found in close association with massive peridotites, which form the numerous ultramafic bodies scattered along the North Pyrenean Zone (NPZ), on the northern flank of the Pyrenean belt. We present the first field, textural and stable isotopic characterization of these rocks. Our observations show that Pyrenean ophicalcites belong to three main types: (1) a wide variety of breccias composed of sorted or unsorted millimeter- to meter-sized clasts of fresh or oxidized ultramafic material, in a fine-grained calcitic matrix; (2) calcitic veins penetrating into fractured serpentine and fresh peridotite; and (3) pervasive substitution of serpentine minerals by calcite. Stable isotopic analyses (O, C) have been conducted on the carbonate matrix, veins and clasts of samples from 12 Pyrenean ultramafic bodies. We show that the Pyrenean ophicalcites are the product of three distinct genetic processes: (1) pervasive ophicalcite resulting from relatively deep and hot hydrothermal activity; (2) ophicalcites in veins resulting from tectonic fracturing and cooler hydrothermal activity; and (3) polymictic breccias resulting from sedimentary processes occurring after the exposure of subcontinental mantle as portions of the floor of basins which opened during the mid-Cretaceous. We highlight a major difference between the eastern and western Pyrenean ophicalcites belonging, respectively, to the sedimentary and to the hydrothermal types. Our data set points to a possible origin of the sedimentary ophicalcites in continental endorheic basins, but a post-depositional evolution by circulation of metamorphic fluids or an origin from relatively warm marine waters cannot be ruled out. Finally, we discuss the significance of such discrepancy in the characteristics of the NPZ ophicalcites in the frame of the variable exhumation history of the peridotites all along the Pyrenean realm.
ISSN: 1437-3254

insu-00944405
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00944405
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00944405/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00944405/file/clerc-etal-IJES-Review.pdf
DOI : 10.1007/s00531-013-0927-z

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley-Blackwell
Résumé : The Oman-Emirates is the largest and best-exposed ophiolite; consequently, it has attracted significant interest among scientists, together with serious conflicts. Most geologists regard this ophiolite as having formed in an intra-oceanic subduction zone before being accreted to the Arabian continent. Here, we propose an alternative scenario, supported by detailed field observations and integrated geophysics. The smaller Emirates part of the ophiolite was forced into a nearby continent, in the pre-collision stage of Tethyan closure. The contraction led to the exhumation of the mantle floor of segmented basins accreted in a rifted system similar to the present-day Gulf of California. The implied high temperature–high pressure metamorphism and the range of geochemical signatures were introduced during the process of rifting, whereas the larger Oman ophiolite was emplaced by obduction onto and along the subducting continental shore. This Ridge–Trench–Transform system might call for a new process to obduct over continents in particular Tethyan ophiolites.
ISSN: 0954-4879

hal-01526919
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01526919
DOI : 10.1111/ter.12256

Résumé : On August 18th, 1967, H.M. Arvid Pardo, Malta's delegate at the UN, referred to the General Assembly with the question entitled: "Examination of the question of the reservation exclusively for peaceful purposes of the sea-bed and the ocean floor, and the subsoil thereof, underlying the high seas beyond the limits of present national jurisdiction, and the use of their resources in the interests of mankind." (1) This proposal was not the result of pure abstract thinking, but was, on the contrary, the wording of the necessity to adapt marine legislation to the current development state of the international society. However, this evolutive perspective does not exist only economically and technically speaking: it develops in the political field, especially in the development of the nations claim over marine spaces and the genesis of the principle of freedom of high seas. As in any dialectical perspective, legislation interferes with these de facto situations and imposes a number of directions to the study of a legal regime responding to the needs of a changing international society.
Le 18 août 1967, SE Arvid PARDO, représentant de Malte à l'ONU, saisit l'Assemblée Générale de la question intitulée : "Examen de la question de l'affectation à des fins exclusivement pacifiques du lit des mers ainsi que de leur sous sol, au-delà des limites de la juridiction nationale actuelle et de l'exploitation de leurs ressources dans l'intérêt de l'humanité". (1) Cette proposition n'était pas l'émanation d'une réflexion purement abstraite, mais traduisait au contraire la nécessité d'adapter le droit de la mer à l'état de développement de la société internationale. Cependant, cette perspective évolutive n'existe pas seulement sur le plan économique et technologique : elle se développe au niveau politique, particulièrement dans l'extension des prétentions étatiques sur les espaces maritimes et la genèse du principe de liberté de la haute mer. Comme dans toute perspective dialectique, le droit interfère sur ces situations de fait et impose donc a priori certaines orientations à l'étude d'un régime juridique répondant aux besoins d'une société internationale en pleine mutation. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1973/rapport-4803.PDF
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4803/