Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The identification and economic valuation of ecosystem services (ES) are becoming important components of coral reef management. In many contexts, protection of human assets against coastal floods is one of the most important ES provided by coral reefs. The methods utilized to characterize this ES should be able to accommodate situations with low data availability, without sacrificing robustness. In this paper, we suggest such an approach that utilizes expert opinion and does not require copious amounts of data. Our primary objective is to find a balance between simple and complex models that can be used in a data scarce environment, to produce an economic valuation of the coral reef ES of protection against coastal floods. The approach has three steps: (i) identify geographic zones and assets at risk, (ii) identify the contributing role of coral reefs in the protection of coasts and, (iii) value the annual repair costs of assets through the avoided damage cost approach. The proposed method seems appropriate for advocacy with policy makers, but appears to be less effective for small scale approaches, such as those required for Payment for ES negotiations or marine spatial planning.
Ecosystem Services

hal-01359394
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01359394
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.07.005

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Here, we synthesize conceptual frameworks, applied modeling approaches, and as case studies to highlight complex social-ecological system (SES) dynamics that inform environmental policy, conservation and management. Although a set of “good practices” about what constitutes a good SES study are emerging, there is still a disconnection between generating SES scientific studies and providing decision-relevant information to policy makers. Classical single variable/hypothesis studies rooted in one or two disciplines are still most common, leading to incremental growth in knowledge about the natural or social system, but rarely both. The recognition of human dimensions is a key aspect of successful planning and implementation in natural resource management, ecosystem-based management, fisheries management, and marine conservation. The lack of social data relating to human-nature interactions in this particular context is now seen as an omission, which can often erode the efficacy of any resource management or conservation action. There have been repeated calls for a transdisciplinary approach to complex SESs that incorporates resilience, complexity science characterized by intricate feedback interactions, emergent processes, non-linear dynamics and uncertainty. To achieve this vision, we need to embrace diverse research methodologies that incorporate ecology, sociology, anthropology, political science, economics and other disciplines that are anchored in empirical data. We conclude that to make SES research most useful in adding practical value to conservation planning, marine resource management planning processes and implementation, and the integration of resilience thinking into adaptation strategies, more research is needed on (1) understanding social-ecological landscapes and seascapes and patterns that would ensure planning process legitimacy, (2) costs of transformation (financial, social, environmental) to a stable resilient social-ecological system, (3) overcoming place-based data collection challenges as well as modeling challenges.
Ocean and Coastal Management

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/
hal-01224152
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01224152
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01224152/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01224152/file/1-s2.0-S096456911500126X-main.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.04.018

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : Tropical forests store large amounts of biomass despite they generally grow in nutrient-poor soils, suggesting that the role of soil characteristics in the structure and dynamics of tropical forests is complex. We used data for >34 000 trees from several permanent plots in French Guiana to investigate if soil characteristics could predict the structure (tree diameter, density and aboveground biomass), and dynamics (growth, mortality, aboveground wood productivity) of nutrient-poor tropical forests. Most variables did not covary with site-level changes in soil nutrient content, indicating that nutrient-cycling mechanisms other than the direct absorption from soil (e.g. the nutrient uptake from litter, the resorption, or the storage of nutrients in the biomass), may strongly control forest structure and dynamics. Ecosystem-level adaptations to low soil nutrient availability and long-term low levels of disturbance may help to account for the lower productivity and higher accumulation of biomass in nutrient-poor forests compared to nutrient-richer forests.
ISSN: 2045-2322

hal-01606170
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01606170
DOI : 10.1038/srep45017
PRODINRA : 389876

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Little information exists on the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on the digestive and post-digestive processes in marine fish. Here, we investigated OA impacts (Δ pH = 0.5) on the trophic transfer of select trace elements in the clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris using radiotracer techniques. Assimilation efficiencies of three essential elements (Co, Mn and Zn) as well as their other short-term and long-term kinetic parameters in juvenile clownfish were not affected by this experimental pH change. In complement, their stomach pH during digestion were not affected by the variation in seawater pH. Such observations suggest that OA impacts do not affect element assimilation in these fish. This apparent pCO2 tolerance may imply that clownfish have the ability to self-regulate pH shifts in their digestive tract, or that they can metabolically accommodate such shifts. Such results are important to accurately assess future OA impacts on diverse marine biota, as such impacts are highly species specific, complex, and may be modulated by species-specific metabolic processes.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01564009
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01564009
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01564009/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01564009/file/trophic%20transfer.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0174344

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, Publisher of the EPFL Press
Résumé : Chacun peut observer dans le monde réel l’omniprésence de systèmes complexes constitués de nombreux éléments en interaction et dont les caractéristiques globales ne peuvent se réduire à celles de leurs composants : ce sont par exemple les cellules d’un organisme vivant, les colonies de fourmis, les écosystèmes, ou encore les systèmes économiques, l’Internet et les réseaux sociaux. Dans le futur, nos sociétés devront relever l’immense défi scientifique et technologique qui consiste à comprendre ces systèmes pour les adapter, les contrôler et les modéliser. Au travers d’exemples choisis sans complication inutile, les auteurs proposent une introduction par la pratique aux systèmes complexes. Leur méthode repose sur la conviction que toute compréhension suppose un acte d’expérience; l’ouvrage est composé d’ateliers où il s’agit de simuler une dynamique collective à partir de sa modélisation orientée-agent. Les étudiants, les enseignants, les créateurs et plus largement toute personne avide de développer sa culture et d’actualiser ses connaissances tireront parti de cet ouvrage pluridisciplinaire accessible à un large public.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01284628

ISBN : 978-2-88074-991-0
hal-01284628
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01284628

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Aménagement, environnement et développement dans les Départements et Territoires d’Outre-Mer sous la direction de P Saffache, Ecologie et progrès. Revue du développement durable, n°3, Paris
Les milieux coralliens sont des écosystèmes très riches et très complexes. Ils présentent des formes variées dans la Caraïbe, le récif frangeant, la barrière, le platier ou simplement la couverture de fonds rocheux. Les récifs de la Caraïbe dépendent aussi des mangroves et des herbiers. Ils sont soumis à des agressions anthropiques comme la surpêche, la fréquentation touristique mais surtout les pollutions d’origine urbaine et agricole. Le changement global semble contenir les menaces les plus lourdes.La gestion des récifs est très diversifiée dans la Caraïbe. Au laisser-faire haïtien on oppose le pragmatisme des îles anglaises et la réglementation sévère à la française.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174257

hal-01174257
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174257

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD CRC Press
Résumé : Among the ecosystem services provided by forests, wood provisioning takes a central position. Wood and derived products have played a critical role in the evolution of human kind and demand for raw material is increasing in a foreseeable future. Wood is used for energy production, construction and a wide variety of products for which different properties are required. Anatomical, chemical and physical properties of wood are determined through a complex process called xylogenesis controlled by internal and external signals and occurring during the life of the tree. In this chapter we describe i/how wood is formed and ii/the different factors controlling this developmental process with emphasis on the molecular machinery involved, iii/the functions of wood and iv/the biotechnology approaches developed to improve wood biomass production and properties genetically.
Tree Biotechnology

ISBN : 9781466597143
hal-01204210
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204210
PRODINRA : 257126