Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Different marine habitats are characterised by different soundscapes. How or which differences may be representative of the habitat characteristics and/or community structure remains however to be explored. A growing project in passive acoustics is to find a way to use soundscapes to have information on the habitat and on its changes. In this study we have successfully tested the potential of two acoustic indices, i.e. the average sound pressure level and the acoustic complexity index based on the frequency spectrum. Inside and outside marine protected areas of Moorea Island (French Polynesia), sound pressure level was positively correlated with the characteristics of the substratum and acoustic complexity was positively correlated with fish diversity. It clearly shows soundscape can be used to evaluate the acoustic features of marine protected areas, which presented a significantly higher ambient sound pressure level and were more acoustically complex than non-protected areas. This study further emphasizes the importance of acoustics as a tool in the monitoring of marine environments and in the elaboration and management of future conservation plans. Coral reef ecosystems are among the most biologically diverse and complex marine ecosystems worldwide. In addition to their biological and ecological importance, coral reefs support major economic and physical functions (e.g. food production, tourism, biotechnology development and coastal protection) that are essential for many countries 1. Unfortunately, coral reefs are severely threatened: 20% of coral reefs can no longer be defined as such, another 25% are currently endangered and another 25% will be endangered by 2050 2. The frequency and severity of natural perturbations (e.g. cyclone, outbreaks of predators, particularly the crown-of-thorns starfish [COTS] Acanthaster planci) and anthropogenic perturbations (e.g. ocean acidification, pesticides, rising seawater temperatures) on coral reefs have greatly increased worldwide in the last three decades, and, as a consequence, reef communities (fish, coral and benthic invertebrates) have suffered unprecedented levels of decline 3,4
ISSN: 2045-2322

hal-01370610
https://hal-uvsq.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01370610
https://hal-uvsq.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01370610/document
https://hal-uvsq.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01370610/file/2016%20Sci.Rep.pdf
DOI : 10.1038/srep33326

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
La Guadeloupe (422 496 habitants) et la Martinique (381 427 habitants) appartiennent aux îles les plus peuplées et les plus riches des Petites Antilles. Les formes d’utilisation du littoral et des récifs sont variées (pêche, loisirs, tourisme) et les formes d’agression du milieu nombreuses et diverses (pollution, pêche, surfréquentation). Le haut niveau de développement induit davantage de pollution et une exploitation des eaux littorales importante. Le statut de DOM explique la multiplicité des moyens de protection et les réseaux d’acteurs. Les pouvoirs politiques agissent au niveau local (commune, département et région, national et européen) permettant de disposer de davantage de moyens mais entraînant souvent une certaine inertie et parfois des actions contradictoires.
ISSN: 1779-0980

hal-01174346
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174346

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Publisher : Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins, c1950-. Latest Publisher : Bethesda, MD : American Association of Immunologists
Résumé : International audience
Hepatic periportal fibrosis, which affects 5–10% of subjects infected by Schistosoma mansoni, is caused by the T cell-dependent granuloma that develop around schistosome eggs. Experimental models of infection have shown that granuloma and fibrosis are tightly regulated by cytokines. However, it is unknown why advanced periportal fibrosis occurs only in certain subjects. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the cytokine response of S. mansoni-infected subjects with advanced liver disease in an attempt to relate susceptibility to periportal fibrosis with an abnormal production of cytokines that regulate granuloma and fibrosis. Fibrosis was evaluated by ultrasound on 795 inhabitants of a Sudanese village in which S. mansoni is endemic: advanced periportal fibrosis was observed in 12% of the population; 35% of the affected subjects exhibited signs of portal hypertension. Age (odds ratio (OR), 11.5), gender (OR, 4.2), and infection levels (OR, 2.2) were significantly (p < 0.01) associated with hepatic fibrosis. Cytokines produced by egg-stimulated blood mononuclear cells from 99 subjects were measured (75 with no or mild fibrosis; 24 subjects with advanced fibrosis). Multivariate analysis of cytokine levels showed that high IFN-γ levels were associated with a marked reduction of the risk of fibrosis (p = ‫OR, 0.1); in contrast, high TNF-α levels were associated with an increased risk (p = 0.05; OR, 4.6) of periportal fibrosis. Moreover, infection levels were negatively associated with IFN-γ production. These results with observations in experimental models strongly suggest that IFN-γ plays a key role in the protection of S. mansoni-infected patients against periportal fibrosis, whereas TNF-α may aggravate the disease.
ISSN: 0022-1767

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/
hal-01211587
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01211587
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01211587/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01211587/file/929.full.pdf
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.169.2.929

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are increasingly used for biodiversity conservation and the management of sustainable fisheries. The use of taxonomic surrogates in routine monitoring of the reserve effects on fish assemblages may represent a promising method due to its substantial technical and economic benefits. However, higher taxonomic ranks should be used as surrogates with caution, especially for fish, where the approach is still virtually undocumented. This study aims to shed light on relationships between taxonomic relatedness and ecological similarity, which is crucial to assess the relevance of species surrogacy to reflect species-level information and detect changes in fish related to protection regimes. By analyzing data from a Mediterranean MPA, we show that rather being related to taxonomic relationships, the ability of higher taxa to reflect species-level patterns was explained in terms of aggregation level and distribution of species within taxa. Null models using random aggregations of species were created to identify the best surrogates able to depict changes in responses of assemblages to protection observed at the species-level. Comparison of null model predictions with the more classical higher-taxon approach revealed that the latter was not reliable because, unlike null model outcomes, surrogates determined empirically were not relevant for other subsequent independent monitoring. The effectiveness of species surrogates to depict changes in responses of assemblages to protection observed at the species-level depended (1) on the numerical resolution of the aggregation and (2) the magnitude of differences between protected and unprotected locations. Such findings suggest that surrogacy approaches may be applied for routine monitoring of Mediterranean reef fish communities, although mere empirical determinations of sufficient taxonomy seems to be not reliable, legitimizing the use of alternative methods based on null models. Guidelines for the careful use of species surrogacy in the ecological evaluation of MPAs on fish assemblages are provided.
ISSN: 0006-3207

hal-01174428
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174428
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.06.002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Chelonanthus alatus is a bat-pollinated, pioneer Gentianaceae that clusters in patches where still-standing, dried-out stems are interspersed among live individuals. Flowers bear circum-floral nectaries (CFNs) that are attractive to ants, and seed dispersal is both barochorous and anemochorous. Although, in this study, live individuals never sheltered ant colonies, dried-out hollow stems--that can remain standing for 2 years--did. Workers from species nesting in dried-out stems as well as from ground-nesting species exploited the CFNs of live C. alatus individuals in the same patches during the daytime, but were absent at night (when bat pollination occurs) on 60.5% of the plants. By visiting the CFNs, the ants indirectly protect the flowers--but not the plant foliage--from herbivorous insects. We show that this protection is provided mostly by species nesting in dried-out stems, predominantly Pseudomyrmex gracilis. That dried-out stems remain standing for years and are regularly replaced results in an opportunistic, but stable association where colonies are sheltered by one generation of dead C. alatus while the live individuals nearby, belonging to the next generation, provide them with nectar; in turn, the ants protect their flowers from herbivores. We suggest that the investment in wood by C. alatus individuals permitting still-standing, dried-out stems to shelter ant colonies constitutes an extended phenotype because foraging workers protect the flowers of live individuals in the same patch. Also, through this process these dried-out stems indirectly favor the reproduction (and so the fitness) of the next generation including both their own offspring and that of their siblings, all adding up to a potential case of inclusive fitness in plants.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-00825845
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00825845
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00825845/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00825845/file/Dejean2011_Inherited.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0018071

Éditeur(s) : Oxford university press
Résumé : The eastern Baltic cod stock collapsed as a consequence of climate-driven adverse hydrographic conditions and over fishing and has remained at historically low levels. Spatio-temporal fishing closures [Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)] have been implemented since 1995, to protect and restore the spawning stock. However, no signs of recovery have been observed yet, either suggesting that MPAs are an inappropriate management measure or pointing towards suboptimal closure design. We used the spatially explicit fishery simulation model ISIS-Fish to evaluate proposed and implemented fishery closures, combining an age-structured population module with a multifleet exploitation module and a management module in a single model environment. The model is parameterized based on (i) the large amount of biological knowledge available for cod and (ii) an analysis of existing spatially disaggregated fishery data. As the population dynamics of eastern Baltic cod depend strongly on the climate-driven hydrographic regime, we considered two production regimes of the stock. MPAs were only effective for stock recovery when they reduced overall fishing effort. The performance of MPAs needs to be evaluated relative to environmental regimes, especially for stocks facing strong environmental variability.
ICES Journal of Marine Science (1054-3139) (Oxford university press), 2009 , Vol. 66 , N. 1 , P. 109-121

Droits : 2008 ICES/CIEM
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6094.pdf
DOI:10.1093/icesjms/fsn166
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6094/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Well-designed and effectively managed networks of marine reserves can be effective tools for both fisheries management and biodiversity conservation. Connectivity, the demographic linking of local populations through the dispersal of individuals as larvae, juveniles or adults, is a key ecological factor to consider in marine reserve design, since it has important implications for the persistence of metapopulations and their recovery from disturbance. For marine reserves to protect biodiversity and enhance populations of species in fished areas, they must be able to sustain focal species (particularly fishery species) within their boundaries, and be spaced such that they can function as mutually replenishing networks whilst providing recruitment subsidies to fished areas. Thus the configuration (size, spacing and location) of individual reserves within a network should be informed by larval dispersal and movement patterns of the species for which protection is required. In the past, empirical data regarding larval dispersal and movement patterns of adults and juveniles of many tropical marine species have been unavailable or inaccessible to practitioners responsible for marine reserve design. Recent empirical studies using new technologies have also provided fresh insights into movement patterns of many species and redefined our understanding of connectivity among populations through larval dispersal. Our review of movement patterns of 34 families (210 species) of coral reef fishes demonstrates that movement patterns (home ranges, ontogenetic shifts and spawning migrations) vary among and within species, and are influenced by a range of factors (e.g. size, sex, behaviour, density, habitat characteristics, season, tide and time of day). Some species move <0.1–0.5 km (e.g. damselfishes, butterflyfishes and angelfishes), <0.5–3 km (e.g. most parrotfishes, goatfishes and surgeonfishes) or 3–10 km (e.g. large parrotfishes and wrasses), while others move tens to hundreds (e.g. some groupers, emperors, snappers and jacks) or thousands of kilometres (e.g. some sharks and tuna). Larval dispersal distances tend to be <5–15 km, and self-recruitment is common. Synthesising this information allows us, for the first time, to provide species, specific advice on the size, spacing and location of marine reserves in tropical marine ecosystems to maximise benefits for conservation and fisheries management for a range of taxa. We recommend that: (i) marine reserves should be more than twice the size of the home range of focal species (in all directions), thus marine reserves of various sizes will be required depending on which species require protection, how far they move, and if other effective protection is in place outside reserves; (ii) reserve spacing should be <15 km, with smaller reserves spaced more closely; and (iii) marine reserves should include habitats that are critical to the life history of focal species (e.g. home ranges, nursery grounds, migration corridors and spawning aggregations), and be located to accommodate movement patterns among these. We also provide practical advice for practitioners on how to use this information to design, evaluate and monitor the effectiveness of marine reserve networks within broader ecological, socioeconomic and management contexts.
ISSN: 1464-7931

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/
hal-01334353
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01334353
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01334353/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01334353/file/Green_et_al-2015-Biological_Reviews.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/brv.12155

Éditeur(s) : s.n. s.n. ( S.l )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references (p. 213-239).
(Statement of Responsibility) prepared under the aegis of the Caribbean Conservation Association on behalf of the government of the Commonwealth of Domininca, Forestry and Wildlife Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Fisheries, Trade, Industry and Tourism with the technical support of the Island Resources Foundation, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands and the Dominica YES Committee (Years of Environment and Shelter, 1989-1990) ; funding provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development, Regional Office/Caribbean.
"Draft prepared 1990."
Dominica
Dominica
Dominica
Dominica

24917598

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles et de la Guyane CEREGMIA : Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche en Economie, Gestion et Modélisation Informatique Appliquée
Extrait de : "The changing world of coastal, island and tropical tourism" : conférence internationale, du 27 au 29 janvier 2011. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Description : The globalization process, accelerating in the last 20 years, has raised important developmental stakes : on the one hand, economic questions with the multiplication of exchanges and its concentration in certain regions of the world; on the other hand globalization has also raised important social issues, with the acceleration of demographic flux and the whole question of "inclusion" associated with this; the issues are also environmental, through increased needs and resource limitations. Tourism represents the ideal vector of this globalization and the stakes it represents. By focusing on international tourism in a country in the South, this article seeks to better understand the stakes involved in developing international tourism resources, by seeking an answer to the question : In what ways can ecotourism constitute a real strategy for economic development, poverty alleviation, and contribute to economic growth and the protection of natural resources ? We will be examining this question in the context the Ranomafana National Park in Madagascar.

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Provenance : Université des Antilles et de la Guyane. Service commun de la documentation
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/HASH29f953af13018e4196aff5
HASH29f953af13018e4196aff5

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
The photographer labeled this picture "center of island." This is a photograph of the home of a poor peasant family. The home is of the bohio, thatched palm wood huts On the bottom of the outside walls you can see large rocks that are placed there to help with the rough winds, particularly during the hurricane season. There are many flowers pots hanging from the house as decorations. A mother and child are standing in front of the house while a dog lays asleep a few feet away. The back of the house is lined with royal palm trees.
Cuba :Center of Island -- Caribbean region

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 84: 9
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/CA01200455/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : This study assesses the place of MSEs in Haiti and gives a brief description of the relevant economic, regulatory and technological instruments of economic development and environmental protection. The discussions suggest that the application of such instruments will encourage and improve economic development in Haiti. The infrastructure necessary for MSEs drives growth and offers added value to economic development in Haiti. With an overview of Haitian MSEs we have been able to identify and palliate insufficiencies in the legislative framework regulating the operation of MSEs, as well as, understand their involvement in economic growth. MSEs are a powerful tool to reduce poverty, facilitate economic development and reinforce policies supporting environmental protection.
Ce travail dresse un bilan sur la situation des TPE en Haïti et propose une analyse succincte de l’impact des instruments économiques, règlementaires et technologique au développement économique et à la protection de l’environnement. Les discussions menées ont permis de découvrir que l’application de ces instruments est une perspective d’amélioration du développement économique des TPE.La structuration des TPE reste la principale action stratégique de croissance et représente une grande valeur ajoutée pour le développement économique du pays. Le panorama des TPE haïtiennes nous a permis de compléter les insuffisances du cadre légal réglementant le fonctionnement des TPE et de comprendre leur participation à la croissance économique du pays. Ce sont des outils indispensables pour réduire la pauvreté, faciliter le développement économique et renforcer les politiques de protection de l’environnement à travers le pays.
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01292918

hal-01292918
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01292918
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01292918/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01292918/file/Final-IER_Article%20P.%20SIMON.pdf

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
The following marine turtles have been recorded in the Bahamas: Green Turtle, Hawksbill Turtle, Loggerhead Turtle, Leatherback Turtle, Olive Ridley Turtle, and Kemp’s Ridley Turtle. The Green Turtle is listed (2013) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened species as endangered. All marine turtles are now fully protected under Bahamian law, including the Green Turtle. Green Turtle meat and cartilage were used to make turtle soup which was once a delicacy in the Bahamian Out Islands. This image features the bodies of four Green Turtles in a boat near Man of War Cay, Abaco, Bahamas. Slide labeled Turtles for Delivery on Man of Way Cay April '65.
Bahamas -- North America -- Man of War Cay, Abaco

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 5:10
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00028442/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
1. The use of targets to provide measurable objectives and benchmarks for management, conservation, andrestoration of ecosystems is commonplace. In the marine and coastal realms, targets have been successful insetting sustainable limits to fisheries harvests, thresholds for pollutants, and recommended amounts ofrepresentative habitat included in marine protected area (MPA) networks. Quantifiable targets can dissuadegovernments from making dubious claims about investments in ocean protection that sound impressive butcannot be verified. Examples are presented where protection targets have been used successfully for marinemanagement, and instances where measurable and meaningful benchmarks serve to allow tracking of true progress.2. However, the setting of targets can also be a double-edged sword. In some cases, targets have proven useful,but in many instances, interventions made to fulfil targets not only give a false illusion of progress or even success,they present opportunity costs that impede further conservation.3. Some of these issues were raised in the 2003 article ‘Dangerous Targets?: Unresolved issues and ideologicalclashes around marine protected areas’ that appeared in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and FreshwaterEcosystems. Since its publication, the article’s warnings about how targets can sometimes be dangerous andcounter-productive have led to intense debate among scientists and policy-makers alike, and the paper has beencited in more than 500 publications. Yet today, more than a dozen years after the first ‘Dangerous Targets’publication, new targets are driving more MPA designations and conservation strategies than ever before, andthe ‘dangerous’ aspects of target setting have been largely ignored.4. This paper discusses old ‘dangers’ in the context of new developments in marine conservation, including thelingering problem of having simplistic metrics drive marine policies, and the unintended result that can often occurwhen outputs (percentage of area under MPA designation) do not align with true outcomes of effectivemanagement and conservation. Newly emerging ‘dangers’ in letting areal targets (percentage of area underMPA designation) drive MPA designations are also discussed, including how the rush to fulfil obligations toprotect a certain proportion of area is taking place in planning, separate from broader level, and potentiallymore holistic, marine spatial planning (MSP).5. The paper suggests five recommendations that would allow policy-makers to use targets more effectively,including: (1) increase transparency in planning, especially around specific goals and objectives of MPAestablishment; (2) use time-based areal targets when representativity is a goal of the protected area strategy; (3)
ISSN: 1052-7613

hal-01380963
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01380963
DOI : 10.1002/aqc.2675

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. They are organized by geographical location.
A cannon at Fort Jacques located in Port-au-Prince. This fort was built on top of the mountains to protect Port-au-Prince.
Haiti -- Caribbean region
Haiti
Haiti
Haiti

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 55:2
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/CA01200333/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The French West Indies (F.W.I.) were French colonies with a specific legal frame until 1946 when they became French departments. Since that time the legal frame in force concerning archaeological heritage protection is exactly the same than in metropolitan France. In this system all the laws relating to cultural heritage are grouped in the "Code du Patrimoine" (Heritage code), which contains several topics such as archives, museums, archaeology and historic monuments. Some articles refer to the Penal Code, the Code of Urban Development, the Environmental Code or the Mining Code. These laws are supplemented by various decrees that define the applying conditions for different areas: rescue archeology (decree 2004-490), INRAP , advisory bodies, the content of the field reports, penal provisions, etc ... The heritage laws have been created in 1917 (Historic Monuments) and 1941 (archaeology). The law on rescue archeology is in force only since 2001 and is an application of the European Convention of Malta (1992). However, the implementation of the regulation and of the institutions in charge of is application in the French West Indies is fairly recent. In this presentation after a general presentation of the archaeological heritage protection French system we will focus on the different aspects of is application in F.W.I.: difficulties linked to the application of a system suited for metropolitan France, the level of the French West Indian people implication in the archaeological heritage protection and the future perspectives.
The Archaeology of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba, 16th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists
Den Haag, France

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-00960161
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00960161
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00960161/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00960161/file/European_rules_american_.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Université de Guyane
Extrait de : "La protection juridique de la biodiversité sur le plateau des Guyanes : vers une gestion en patrimoine commun dans un contexte transfrontalier ?" : colloque inaugural, le 16 novembre 2019. Université de Guyane
Description : Le Brésil est un acteur essentiel de la gestion dans la pan-Amazonie pour donner l'exemple en matière de la protection environnementale. Le rôle de la constitution fédérale de 1988 qui va porter la cause environnementale et un droit fondamental à l'environnement écologiquement équilibré. La loi forestière de 2012 va porter atteinte aux réserves légales. Le cadre institutionnel existe mais il est défaillant La politique de l'environnementale doit être une politique d'état et non une politique gouvernementale.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V20013
V20013

Éditeur(s) : CAGI : Centre d'Analyse Géopolitique et Internationale
Description : Mme Koutouki nous présente une conférence sur : "La ruée vers l'Or Vert. Comment protéger les savoirs traditionnels des peuples autochtones à l'aube du XXIe siècle ?".
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V14064
V14064

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
AimEcological connectivity is currently considered to be essential to enhance biodiversity conservation efforts and benefit adjacent areas. We evaluate the spatial structure of vulnerable marine benthic invertebrate populations based on connectivity to improve the placement of marine protected areas.LocationGulf of Lions, NW Mediterranean Sea.MethodsWe used a spatially explicit metapopulation model to explore how larval dispersal affects marine benthic invertebrate dynamics at local and regional scales. Minimum recruitment success (the proportion of larvae that settle in a site and survive between spawning and first reproduction, which is required to ensure species persistence) is proposed as a measure of vulnerability. Three contrasting simulations were constructed: closed versus connected populations, habitat loss versus recruitment failure disturbances and varying patterns of oceanographic connectivity. The rescue factor (the ratio of minimum recruitment success in connected and closed populations) quantified the decrease in vulnerability because of oceanographic connectivity.ResultsIn the Gulf of Lions, connectivity reduced population vulnerability by a rescue factor of 5.3. The minimum recruitment success for regional persistence decreased from 3% to 0.2% when species' life expectancies increased from 2 to 50 years. Connectivity enabled the spread of individuals over the entire region, but there were higher densities in sink sites, where low retention rates do not allow for local persistence (western tip of the gulf). Source sites, defined as those sites bringing metapopulation resistance to recruitment failure and stresses from habitat loss, were located in the centre of the gulf.Main conclusionsConnectivity drives the spatial structure of population density distribution and population vulnerability in the absence of any other structuring factor. In the Gulf of Lions, marine protected areas are located in population sinks; however; if protection measures were taken in the central part, populations would benefit throughout the region via the rescue effect.
ISSN: 1366-9516

hal-01341743
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01341743
DOI : 10.1111/ddi.12254

Éditeur(s) : CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines
Extrait de : "Patrimonialisation et développement dans la Caraïbe et les Amériques" : colloque international, du 2 au 4 mars 2011. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Description : Pour promouvoir un mode de gestion patrimoniale pragmatique, le processus d'implantation d'aire protégée sélectionné a été celui des réserves extractivistes. L'espace protégé est ainsi une réserve de 8 000 hectares comportant 150 familles soit 17 hab/km2, ayant pour vocation la conservation d'une espèce de palmier. C'est un mécanisme de patrimonialisation dont le concept est l'existence sur un territoire donné d'une population traditionnelle ayant un faible impact environnemental. En effet, ces populations obtiennent une sécurité foncière en échange de la protection des ressources naturelles du territoire. Enfin, loin d'être marginalisés, ils bénéficient d'une opinion publique favorable et peuvent alors développer une stratégie de labellisation, saisir des opportunités politiques par la médiatisation d'une identité extractiviste.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V12049
V12049

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La mise en œuvre des politiques publiques du patrimoine et, plus largement, de l’environnement, se réalise par des instruments normatifs qui traduisent leur appréhension et leur saisie par le droit. Les différents outils institutionnels, conventionnels, législatifs et réglementaires contribuent dans une large mesure à la protection du patrimoine et de la biodiversité, au même titre que ceux qui se situent dans les domaines politique, économique et social. La protection concerne aussi bien le patrimoine naturel et la biodiversité que le patrimoine culturel et immatériel. La nature et le contenu des dispositifs de protection, qu’elle soit mise en œuvre aux niveaux national, régional ou international, procèdent de paramètres et se réfèrent à des objectifs divers mais convergents, parmi lesquelles les problématiques identitaire et patrimoniale occupent une place souvent déterminante. Elle doit en outre prendre en compte la spécificité des milieux comme des sociétés, et la relation des populations et des communautés à leur patrimoine, aussi bien reçu que construit.
The implementation of heritage public policies and, more widely, environmental policies, are carried out through legal instruments, which reveal the impact of the law on them. These different institutional, legislative and regulatory tools deeply contribute to the protection of heritage and biodiversity, as they do in the political, economical and social fields. The protec-tion they offer concerns as well natural, cultural and intangible heritage. The nature and methods of the protection, at the national, regional or international levels, result from para-meters and refer to different but convergent objectives, among which identity and heritage dimensions often have a decisive place. Moreover this protection must consider the specific environmental and social backgrounds, and the relation of the populations and communities with their heritage, let it have been received or built.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5374
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/5374