Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
La santé est une préoccupation mondiale et grandissante occupant une place prépondérante aussi bien dans les débats de la sphère publique que dans les conversations ordinaires. Toutefois, la vie numérique de l’usager est encore mal connue, ainsi que les ressorts des représentations qui régissent les comportements dans ce domaine. C’est donc à partir de la théorie des représentations sociales que nous proposons d’appréhender la e-médecine en tant que phénomène de société. La e-santé consécutive à l’essor du numérique et des technologies mobiles autorise non seulement la consommation de connaissances liées à la santé, mais également la production et diffusion de celles-ci. Aussi, dans le domaine de la médecine, le recours aux outils numériques a initié de nombreuses ruptures comportementales et entraîné de fait la création d’un univers représentationnel associé qui favorise ou non leur acceptabilité par les utilisateurs potentiels.
Les écosystèmes numériques et la démocratisation informationnelle : Intelligence collective, Développement durable, Interculturalité, Transfert de connaissances
Schoelcher, France

hal-01265735
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01265735
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01265735/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01265735/file/Lucile%20SALESSES%20et%20al.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 1935-2727

hal-01447691
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01447691
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005254
PUBMED : 28081120

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background: Heterogeneous patterns of malaria transmission are thought to be driven by factors including host genetics, distance to mosquito breeding sites, housing construction, and socio-behavioural characteristics. Evaluation of local transmission epidemiology to characterize malaria risk is essential for planning malaria control and elimination programmes. The use of geographical information systems (GIS) techniques has been a major asset to this approach. To assess time and space distribution of malaria disease in Bandiagara, Mali, within a transmission season, data were used from an ongoing malaria incidence study that enrolled 300 participants aged under six years old ". Methods: Children's households were georeferenced using a handheld global position system. Clinical malaria was defined as a positive blood slide for Plasmodium falciparum asexual stages associated with at least one of the following signs: headache, body aches, fever, chills and weakness. Daily rainfall was measured at the local weather station. Landscape features of Bandiagara were obtained from satellite images and field survey. QGIS™ software was used to map malaria cases, affected and non-affected children, and the number of malaria episodes per child in each block of Bandiagara. Clusters of high or low risk were identified under SaTScan W software according to a Bernoulli model. Results: From June 2009 to May 2010, 296 clinical malaria cases were recorded. Though clearly temporally related to the rains, Plasmodium falciparum occurrence persisted late in the dry season. Two " hot spots " of malaria transmission also found, notably along the Yamé River, characterized by higher than expected numbers of malaria cases, and high numbers of clinical episodes per child. Conversely, the northeastern sector of the town had fewer cases despite its proximity to a large body of standing water which was mosquito habitat. Conclusion: These results confirm the existence of a marked spatial heterogeneity of malaria transmission in Bandiagara, providing support for implementation of targeted interventions. Background Malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, with an estimated 3.3 billion people at risk of malaria [1]. The incidence of malaria worldwide is estimated to be 216 million cases per year, with 81% of these cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria kills approximately 655,000 people per year; 91% of deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa [1], mostly in children under five years of age. In Mali, West Africa, malaria represents 36.5% of consultation motives in health center, it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality children of less than five years of age and the first reason of anaemia in pregnant women [2]. Malaria transmission is seasonal. Malaria parasite transmission and clinical disease are characterized by important microgeographic variation, often between adjacent villages, households or families [3-8]. This local heterogeneity is driven by a variety of factors including human genetics [9,10], distance to potential breeding sites [11,12], housing construction
ISSN: 1475-2875

hal-01307672
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01307672
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01307672/document
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01307672/file/1475-2875-12-82.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1476-072X-2-5

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Both short-term and long-term morphodynamics of sand barrier systems forced by moderate storm conditions have been studied significantly in the literature. However, the dynamics of the emerged beach -- from a seaside water depth of ~ 1.5 metres below the lowest tide to the back-barrier -- impacted by typhoons remain scarcely documented. This study focuses on the analysis and a better understanding of the morphologic changes of such an emerged beach, when it is forced by one typhoon, several typhoons or the combination of a summer season of typhoons and a winter season of Monsoon wave/ wind conditions. The monitoring of near-shore hydrodynamics and beach morphodynamics was performed in the Wan-Tzu-Liao sand barrier from November 2011 to August 2012. Waves, currents and water level were measured at an offshore buoy (Cigu buoy; 18 m of water depth; 1.5 km seaward the studied zone), a current profiler (4 m of water depth), and a serie of pressure sensors deployed along a cross-shore section from the lower intertidal zone up to the eolian dune. Tide was obtained from a tide gauge inside the lagoon and wind conditions were obtained respectively from an inland station and the offshore Cigu buoy. Morphodynamic changes were monitoring thanks to DGDPS surveys performed on a grid including a 300 meters long portion of sand barrier extending from the subtidal zone to the back-barrier, as well as along two cross-shore and two long-shore profiles located within the grid. Surveys were performed each week during winter and just before and after each storm during the typhoons summer season. This field methodology provided a new and very robust dataset in order to quantify sand barrier dynamics exposed to high-energy events at various time scales. Amongst the eight typhoons recorded, TALIM is the most significant and representative. Offshore wave height reached 10.34 m (Tp = 14.6 s) at Cigu buoy and 2.3 m in 4 m of water depth. Morphological changes recorded 6 m of retreat for the dune front, a 20 m large dune breaching and the occurence of a wash-over fan in the lagoon. These changes form a well-known morphodynamic responses to moderate storms. More surprisingly, TALIM drove a significant nourishment of the supratidal zone, as well as a positive sand balance on the whole sand barrier. Five other typhoons resulted in the same type of morphological responses while two typhoons resulted in a strong erosion of the whole emerged beach. During winter and spring (moderate wave conditions and strong Monsoon winds), sand moved from the beach front to the back-barrier. For the whole year, the sand barrier recorded a 12 m landward migration concomitantly with a 12 m widening without abrasion of the dune elevation.
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2013

hal-01012312
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01012312

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD EDP Sciences
Résumé : The physiological ageing, the chronic conditions and the psycho-social environment are source of vulnerability to the old subject. These factors impact on the oral pathologies while the oral affections can deteriorate them on the contrary and lead the patient in the spiral of the decompensation. The clinical examination has to consist of a global approach of the eldely person, what confers it a specific character. Within the framework of this article, we propose a methodology of diagnostic survey bringing to light the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration between the medical participants
Le vieillissement physiologique, les pathologies chroniques et l’environnement psychosocial sont source de vulnérabilité chez le sujet âgé. Ces facteurs impactent les pathologies bucco-dentaires alors que les affections orales peuvent à l’inverse les aggraver et conduire le patient dans la spirale de la décompensation. L’examen clinique doit consister en une approche globale de la personne âgée, ce qui lui confère son caractère spécifique. Dans le cadre de cet article, nous proposons une méthodologie d’enquête diagnostique mettant en évidence la nécessité de collaboration interdisciplinaire entre les intervenants médicaux
ISSN: 1760-611X

hal-01136939
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01136939
DOI : 10.1 0 5 1 / a o s / 2 0 1 2 1 0 9

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVE: To analyze complications of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFPAs).ăMETHODS: A retrospective study of 300 NFPAs was performed. Complications and factors that could influence these complications were analyzed.ăRESULTS: Visual and pituitary functions worsened in 2.4% and 13.7% of cases, respectively. Postoperative diabetes insipidus was permanent in 6.2% of cases. Postoperative meningitis occurred in 3.3% of patients. Meningitis was strongly associated with intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks (P = 0.01), postoperative CSF leaks (P = 0.0001), and operation times longer than 1 hour (P = 0.023). Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and preoperative treatment with mupirocin in the nostrils did not impact the occurrence of meningitis. Two patients with meningitis died (unique causes of death). Postoperative CSF leaks occurred in 2.7% of cases and were associated with intraoperative CSF leaks (P = 0.007) and permanent diabetes insipidus (P = 0.028). The rate of CSF leak decreased from 4% to 0.8% (P = 0.048) after we moved from a soft to hard reconstruction of the sella. The rate of postoperative epistaxis decreased from 6.7% to 1.25% after we stopped using monopolar coagulation (P = 0.013).ăCONCLUSIONS: ETS permits a wide view, allowing good conditions for a satisfactory resection in the majority of NFPAs. Some pitfalls of endoscopy can lead to complications that improve with modification of the operative technique (i.e., CSF leak and postoperative epistaxis). This study confirms an acceptable rate of complications associated with ETS.
World Neurosurgery

hal-01474296
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01474296
DOI : 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.02.059
PUBMED : 26902781

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Introduction-objectifsBien que la prise en charge de personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH) s’améliore globalement en Guyane, les disparités régionales et communautaires restent importantes. L’objectif est ici de décrire pour la première fois les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, spatiales et cliniques des PVVIH suivies en zones isolées. Matériels et MéthodesLes données présentées sont issues du suivi clinique réalisé en Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins (CDPS) de janvier 2014 à novembre 2015. Ces données ont été analysées et comparées aux données des PVVIH suivis dans les 3 centres hospitaliers de Guyane issues du logiciel Nadis®.Résultats 174 PVVIH ont étés pris en charge en CDPS et comparés à 2143 patients suivis sur le littoral. L’évolution du taux annuel de découvertes de séropositivité VIH montre une arrivée plus tardive mais particulièrement active en zones isolées par rapport au littoral, notamment chez les patients d’origine brésilienne (p<0,005). L’âge médian est de 43,8 ans, le sex ratio homme/femme est de 0,98. En zone isolées comme sur le littoral 1/3 des PVVIH sont dépistés tardivement (<200 CD4/mm3). Le succès virologiques après 6 mois de traitement est de 80% vs 88% sur le littoral (p=0,135), la moyenne des derniers CD4 (424 vs 569/mm3) est plus basse que sur le littoral (p<0,005) enfin la charge virale moyenne est plus élevée que sur le littoral (8960 vs 5317 copies /mL) (p<0,005). L’histoplasmose est la première cause d’infection opportuniste retrouvée. La répartition spatiale des patients suivis montre une incidence et prévalence de cas particulièrement élevée dans les villes frontalières charnières que constituent Maripasoula et Saint Georges de l’Oyapock. ConclusionLe caractère particulièrement actif et original de l’épidémie et les indicateurs de suivi moins bons que sur le littoral rappellent l’importance de compléter les moyens de la prise en charge des PVVIH en zones isolées en Guyane.
SFLS 2016 - XVIIème Congrès de la Société française de lutte contre le sida
Montpellier, France

inserm-01475954
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01475954
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01475954/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01475954/file/2016%2C%20Mosnier%20-%20Les%20p%C3%A9riph%C3%A9ries%20de%20l%27%C3%A9pid%C3%A9mie%20de%20VIH%20en%20Guyane.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Editions EDP
ISSN: 1290-3612

hal-01136953
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01136953

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Editions Paralia CFL
Résumé : Barrier island hydro-morphodynamics driven by typhoon events are the major concern of the project KUNSHEN (2011-2014). It aims at providing for a deep understanding of the peculiar dynamics of sand barriers where extreme events such as typhoons have a significant impact. We present the campaigns and the protocols achieved and planned in the project, on the Wan-tzu-liao sand barrier, Cigu Lagoon, Tainan, Taiwan, from October 2011 to January 2012, during the winter storm season and during summer 2012 during the typhoon season. A set of current profilers are deployed along a cross shore transect at 7, 4 and 2 meters deep. On the Wan-tzu-liao sand barrier, 3 columns of 3 pressiometers are deployed to survey the submersion. In the same time, morphological surveys are performed on the sand barrier with DGPS to analyse any change in the shoreline position, the beach slope, and the dynamics of sand beach features. A very preliminary analysis on these on-going field surveys suggests that the word "extreme" refers more to the consequence of the forcing on the sand barrier than the intensity of the forcing itself. The strategy developed in this first step will be refined to survey the next typhoon season, from May 2012 to October 2012.
ISSN: 1760-8716

hal-00854411
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00854411
DOI : 10.5150/jngcgc.2012.034-M

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Institute of Physics
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0003-6951

hal-01680699
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01680699
DOI : 10.1063/1.4818716

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Société géologique de France
Résumé : In the western Mediterranean Sea, the Liguro-Provençal Basin (LPB) is a key area for studying passive margins because of its recent formation and abundance of onshore and offshore data. The Nerthe area located in the northern margin of LPB provides the unique continuous Oligo-Miocene deposits contemporaneous of the transition rifting to drifting. However, the age of the deposits remains debated and the link between outcrops and offshore seismic data is poorly constrained. The purpose of this paper is double. First, we intend to propose a new chronostratigraphic frame based on bio- (planktonic foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils) and magneto-stratigraphy. Second, we aim to make, through the integration of new highly time-resolved seismic data and field works, a coherent onshore-offshore link concretized by a 3D geological model. The new temporal and spatial data presented in this paper allow correlating the Oligo-Miocene sequences, defining their geometry and specifying precisely the timing of syn- and post-rift stages. The first marine transgression is now precisely dated latest Chattian within the syn-rift deposits and appears to be synchronous with the first marine deposits in the offshore wells and other marginal basins. The transition from syn-rift to post-rift appears to last 3.3 Ma at maximum, between 21.8 and 18.5 Ma (late Aquitanian to early Burdigalian). It is underlined by two major erosional unconformities bearing a hiatus of around 1 Ma. The post-rift started with a major marine transgression that is now dated from middle Burdigalian, at around 18.5 Ma, as elsewhere in the LPB. Contrarily to recent proposals, the post-rift deposits are widely represented on the northeastern margin of the "Golfe du Lion". There, the subsidence of the margin was low during the syn-rift and the transitional periods and high during the post-rift. The onset of this high post-rift subsidence appears to be synchronous with the slowdown of the Corsica-Sardinia block (CSb) motion.
EISSN: 1777-5817

hal-00558497
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00558497
DOI : 10.2113/gssgfbull.181.6.591

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
La Guyane française, de par sa situation géographique et climatique équatoriale – entraînant uneimmense biodiversité – et le caractère multiculturel et multiethnique de sa population, est le siège d’unlarge panel de pathologies infectieuses et tropicales, dont certaines sont assez mal connues.La fièvre Q, la toxoplasmose, la cryptococcose ou l’infection à VIH sont communes aux pays tempérés,mais présentent ici de grandes spécificités, entraînant une prise en charge et un raisonnement médicalparfois différents. De nombreuses pathologies tropicales sont par ailleurs présentes sur un mode endémiqueet/ou épidémique : paludisme, leishmaniose, maladie de Chagas, histoplasmose, dengue, chikungunya, etc.Des personnes ayant séjourné en Guyane peuvent présenter des problèmes infectieux spécifiques deretour sur le continent européen, et ces pathologies doivent pouvoir être évoquées par l’infectiologue.
La Lettre de l'Infectiologue

inserm-01407150
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01407150
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01407150/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01407150/file/2016%2C%20Epelboin%20-%20L%27infectiologie%20en%20Guyane%20synth%C3%A8se%20med%20trop.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Predicting the impact of underground engineering on the environment requires the knowledge of natural media at different scales. In particular, understanding basic phenomena controlling the properties of rocks in the presence of complex fluids necessitates a detailed atomic description of the solid/fluid/solid contacts, the subject of Part I of the present study. First, building the solid interspace between two different crystals in a non-periodic situation is achieved using the ab initio and molecular mechanics code GenMol (TM). A description of the fluid confined within the interspace is then derived from the original genetic iterative multi-species (GIMS) algorithm implemented in the same code. This approach consists of equilibrating chemical potentials, cycle after cycle and species after species, between the confined fluid and the free natural fluid. An elementary iteration for a species k consists of different steps incrementing the number N-k of particles k, with other numbers N-k remaining constant. At each step, an optimum fluid composition is obtained by a genetic process distributing the fluid particles on a grid by stochastic shots, followed in fine by a refining process. The effectiveness of the GIMS approach is demonstrated in the case study of a fluid confined between two (0 0 1) kaolinite faces, with apertures h varying between 4 and 10 A. connected to a 9-species external solution [H2O, Cl-, Na+ CO2(aq), NaCl(aq), Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, H3O+] where concentrations are ranging from 55 to 10(-4) mol/L. The results show a drastic variation in the solute/solvent and cations/ions ratios in the confined fluid when aperture h is lowered to less than 1 nm. These results obtained with a very rapid convergence of the iterative algorithm combined with a very competitive genetic optimizer are validated with high precision on a free solution. This description of contacts between crystals is original and unattainable by standard crystal interface approaches. It opens the way to understanding and/or predicting phenomena between crystals in a complex natural environment, such as adhesion or repulsion investigated in the Part II of this study.
ISSN: 0022-0248

hal-00544569
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00544569
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.08.009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IOS Press
Résumé : International audience
The hematocrit-to-viscosity ratio (HVR) has been widely used has an estimate of red blood cell (RBC) oxygen transport effectiveness into the microvasculature or as an oxygen delivery index. However, no study investigated the possibility of HVR to truly reflect RBC oxygen transport effectiveness or to be an oxygen delivery index. We measured blood viscosity at high shear rate (225 s-1), hematocrit, HVR, as well as the microvascular oxyhemoglobin saturation (TOI; tissue oxygen index) by spatial resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) at cerebral and muscle levels in three population known to have various degrees of hemorheological abnormalities: healthy subjects (AA), patients with sickle cell SC disease (SC) characterized by moderate anemia and patients with sickle cell anemia (SS) marked by severe anemia. At both the cerebral and muscle level, HVR was positively correlated with TOI (r = 0.28; p = 0.03 and r = 0.38; p = 0.003, at the cerebral and muscle level, respectively). These findings suggest that HVR probably play a key role in blood flow and hemodynamic regulation in the microvasculature, hence modulating the amount of oxygen available for tissues. Nevertheless, the strengths of the associations are weak (R2 < 0.50), suggesting that other determinants modulate microvascular blood flow and oxygenation, such as vascular geometry and vasomotor reserve.
ISSN: 1386-0291

inserm-01081701
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01081701
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01081701/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01081701/file/2013%2C%20Waltz%20-%20Is%20there%20a%20relationship%20between%20the%20hematocrit-to-viscosity%20ratio%20and%20microvascular%20oxygenation%20in%20brain%20and%20muscle.pdf
PUBMED : 23719422

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD International Medical Press
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Psychiatric disorders are relatively common among HIV-infected patients. However, there are few studies about their potential risk factors. This analysis aimed to measure the incidence of severe psychiatric events (PE) among patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) of the French APROCO-COPILOTE (ANRS CO8) cohort, and to identify the medical and socio-behavioural correlates of their first episode of depression, suicide or suicide attempt (D/S/SA). METHODS: APROCO-COPILOTE is a cohort of patients started on a protease inhibitor regimen between 1997 and 1999, with prospective medical standardized records and self-administered questionnaires collecting socio-demographic and socio-behavioural data. This analysis included all 11-year follow-up visits for 1,095 patients having completed baseline self-administered questionnaires. A proportional hazard Cox model was used to identify the correlates of a first D/S/SA event. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of severe PE remained low: 50 patients experienced 67 events (incidence rate [95% CI] =1.04 [0.82, 1.32] per 100 person-years). Depression (n=16), suicides (n=5) and suicide attempts (n=14) were the most frequently diagnosed PE (0.54 [0.39, 0.76] per 100 person-years) among 25 patients. Multivariate results showed that unemployment, unstable housing, detectable viral load and smoking more than 20 cigarettes/day were independently associated with D/S/SA. CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence of severe PE remained relatively low among the patients of APROCO-COPILOTE cohort, this study's results underline a clinically important problem in HIV-infected patients receiving cART. Furthermore, our findings not only emphasize the importance of comprehensive care, especially for socially vulnerable patients, but may also help future studies designed to assess the effectiveness of interventions in reducing the risk of PE during cART.
ISSN: 1359-6535

hal-00875183
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875183
DOI : 10.3851/IMP2102
PUBMED : 22544079

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Genetic diversity is crucial for species' maintenance and persistence, yet is often overlooked in conservation studies. Species diversity is more often reported due to practical constraints, but it is unknown if these measures of diversity are correlated. In marine invertebrates, adults are often sessile or sedentary and populations exchange genes via dispersal of gametes and larvae. Species with a larval period are expected to have more connected populations than those without larval dispersal. We assessed the relationship between measures of species and genetic diversity, and between dispersal ability and connectivity. We compiled data on genetic patterns and life history traits in nine species across five phyla. Sampling sites spanned 600km in the northwest Mediterranean Sea and focused on a 50-km area near Marseilles, France. Comparative population genetic approaches yielded three main results. (i) Species without larvae showed higher levels of genetic structure than species with free-living larvae, but the role of larval type (lecithotrophic or planktotrophic) was negligible. (ii) A narrow area around Marseilles, subject to offshore advection, limited genetic connectivity in most species. (iii) We identified sites with significant positive contributions to overall genetic diversity across all species, corresponding with areas near low human population densities. In contrast, high levels of human activity corresponded with a negative contribution to overall genetic diversity. Genetic diversity within species was positively and significantly linearly related to local species diversity. Our study suggests that local contribution to overall genetic diversity should be taken into account for future conservation strategies.
ISSN: 0962-1083

hal-01681650
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01681650
DOI : 10.1111/mec.14389

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Les plages sableuses constituent une frontière mobile et poreuse entre l'océan ouvert et la terre. La compréhension de la circulation dans les nappes de plage est importante pour une variété de processus physiques, biologiques et chimiques. On cherche à caractériser in-situ la dynamique souterraine sous la zone de swash. Le site atelier est la plage microtidale de Rousty (Camargue, France). L'étude, réalisée sur 48h les 13 et 14 décembre 2014, fait partie d'une plus grande campagne de mesure visant à caractériser la réponse hydro-morphologique de la plage de Rousty à une saison hivernale. La période présentée ici correspond à la phase de déclin d'une tempête modérée. La stratégie retenue dans le cadre de ce projet a été de déployer un réseau de15 capteurs de pression enterrés sous la zone de swash. Les caractéristiques des vagues incidentes, à la fois au large et dans la zone de surf interne, ont été mesurées conjointement à l'utilisation d'un LiDAR terrestre haute fréquence permettant de suivre la surface libre et l'évolution du lit sableux à haute fréquence sur la zone de swash. L'analyse des données moyennées dans le temps a mis en évidence la présence d'un schéma de circulation relativement robuste sous la zone de swash, qui se décale vers le large en suivant la descente du niveau moyen et la diminution de l'activité des vagues. La tendancedominante est un écoulement vers le large, avec une intensité maximale de l'ordre de 0.1mm/s modulé par des infiltrations et exfiltrations dans les parties hautes et basses de la zone de swash, respectivement. L'analyse haute fréquence à des événements de swash sélectionnés ont mis en évidence uncycle souterrain caractéristique.
XIV èmes Journées Nationales Génie Côtier – Génie Civil
toulon, France

hal-01357778
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01357778

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Société Géologique de France
Résumé : International audience
The seaward extension of onshore formations and structures were previously almost unknown in Provence. The interpretation of 2D high-resolution marine seismic profiles together with the integration of sea-bottom rock samples provides new insights into the stratigraphic, structural and paleogeographic framework of pre-Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) deposits of the Provence continental shelf. Seven post-Jurassic seismic units have been identified on seismic profiles, mapped throughout the offshore Provence area and correlated with the onshore series. The studied marine surface and sub-surface database provided new insights into the mid and late Cretaceous paleogeography and structural framework as well as into the syn-and post-rift deformation in Provence. Thick (up to 2000 m) Aptian-Albian series whose deposition is controlled by E-W-trending faults are evidenced offshore. The occurrence and location of the Upper Cretaceous South-Provence basin is confirmed by the thick (up to 1500 m) basinal series downlaping the Aptian-Albian unit. This basin was fed in terrigenous sediments by a southern massif (" Massif Méridional ") whose present-day relict is the Paleozoic basement and its sedimentary cover from the Sicié imbricate. In the bay of Marseille, thick syn-rift (Rupelian to Aquitanian) deposition occurred (>1000 m). During the rifting phase, syn-sedimentary deformations consist of dominant N040 to N060 sub-vertical faults with a normal component and N050 drag-synclines and anticlines. The syn-rift and early post-rift units (Rupelian to early Burdigalian) are deformed and form a set of E-W-trending en echelon folds that may result from sinistral strike-slip reactivation of N040 to N060 normal faults during a N-S com-pressive phase of early-to-mid Burdigalian age (18-20 Ma). Finally, minor fault reactivation and local folding affect post-rift deposits within a N160-trending corridor localized south of La Couronne, and could result from a later, post-Burdigalian and pre-Pliocene compressive phase.
Cadre tectonostratigraphique des formations anté-pliocènes du plateau continental de Provence (golfe du Lion oriental, SE France) Mots-clés. – Géologie marine, Tectonostratigraphie, Stratigraphie sismique, Paléogéographie crétacée, Rifting oligo-miocène, Compression post-rift Résumé. – Le prolongement en mer des formations et des structures provençales était jusqu'alors largement inconnu.L'interprétation de profils de sismique-réflexion marine 2D et l'intégration de dragages et carottages du fond-marin ont permis d'apporter des éléments nouveaux concernant le cadre stratigraphique, structural et paléogéographique des dé-pôts anté-Messiniens du plateau continental de Provence. Sept unités sismiques post-jurassiques ont été identifiées sur les profils sismiques, cartographiées à travers le plateau continental et corrélées avec les séries affleurant à terre. Une épaisse unité apto-albienne (jusqu'à 2000 m) dont le dépôt est contrôlé par des failles E-W a été mise en évidence en mer. L'existence d'un bassin subsident au Crétacé supérieur sur le plateau continental de Provence a été confirmée par le développement d'une épaisse série de bassin (jusqu'à 1500 m) reposant en downlap sur l'Apto-Albien. Le socle mé-tamorphique de l'écaille de Sicié et sa couverture sédimentaire peut être considéré comme une relique allochtone du « Massif Méridional » ayant alimenté le Bassin sud-provençal en éléments terrigènes au Crétacé supérieur. Dans la rade de Marseille, une épaisse unité syn-rift (Rupélien à Aquitanien) a été mise en évidence (>1000 m), structurée en une série de synformes en échelon d'axe E-W et affectée par des failles d'orientation dominante N040 à N060. Sur le flanc sud des synformes, la formation de plis d'axe N050 est associée à une déformation syn-sédimentaire. La formation des synformes en échelon d'axe E-W résulterait d'une réactivation en décrochement des failles N040 à N060 pendant une phase de compression N-S dont l'âge est compris entre le Burdigalien inférieur et moyen (18-20 Ma). Enfin, les dépôts post-rift sont affectés par des déformations mineures (réactivation de failles et plis associés), le long d'un couloir d'orientation N160 à l'ouest de la baie de Marseille, attribuables à une phase de compression post-burdigalienne et anté-pliocène.
ISSN: 0037-9409

hal-01463727
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01463727
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01463727/document
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01463727/file/Fournier_et_al_Provence_2016.pdf
DOI : 10.2113/gssgfbull.187.4-5.187

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Different household insecticide applications via two electric vaporizers emitting transfluthrin were realized in a full-scale experimental room under controlled air exchange rate conditions. On-line high-time resolved measurements of the gas-phase concentrations of the active substance during and immediately after the spreading periods were performed with a High Sensitivity Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometer (HS-PTR-MS). Experimental and modelled data from the ConsExpo 4.0 software were also compared to evaluate the sources of differences. Different application scenarios were also compared. Averaged inhaled concentrations over 1h, 1week, and 5months were estimated to be 8.3, 1.8, and 1.8μg.m(-3), respectively. Corresponding margins of exposures range from 1000 to 10,000, claiming for the absence of effect. Dermal and dust ingestion pathways, although roughly estimated, seems being non-negligible. This claims for a more in-depth integrated risk assessment.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-00875320
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875320
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875320/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875320/file/Transfluthrin-indoor-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.011

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Up-to-date estimates of the health outcomes of preterm children are needed for assessing perinatal care, informing parents, making decisions about care, and providing evidence for clinical guidelines. To determine survival and neonatal morbidity of infants born from 22 through 34 completed weeks' gestation in France in 2011 and compare these outcomes with a comparable cohort in 1997. The EPIPAGE-2 study is a national, prospective, population-based cohort study conducted in all maternity and neonatal units in France in 2011. A total of 2205 births (stillbirths and live births) and terminations of pregnancy at 22 through 26 weeks' gestation, 3257 at 27 through 31 weeks, and 1234 at 32 through 34 weeks were studied. Cohort data were collected from January 1 through December 31, 1997, and from March 28 through December 31, 2011. Analyses for 1997 were run for the entire year and then separately for April to December; the rates for survival and morbidities did not differ. Data are therefore presented for the whole year in 1997 and the 8-month and 6-month periods in 2011. Survival to discharge and survival without any of the following adverse outcomes: grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity (stage 3 or higher), or necrotizing enterocolitis (stages 2-3). A total of 0.7% of infants born before 24 weeks' gestation survived to discharge: 31.2% of those born at 24 weeks, 59.1% at 25 weeks, and 75.3% at 26 weeks. Survival rates were 93.6% at 27 through 31 weeks and 98.9% at 32 through 34 weeks. Infants discharged home without severe neonatal morbidity represented 0% at 23 weeks, 11.6% at 24 weeks, 30.0% at 25 weeks, 47.5% at 26 weeks, 81.3% at 27 through 31 weeks, and 96.8% at 32 through 34 weeks. Compared with 1997, the proportion of infants surviving without severe morbidity in 2011 increased by 14.4% (P < .001) at 25 through 29 weeks and 6% (P < .001) at 30 through 31 weeks but did not change appreciably for those born at less than 25 weeks. The rates of antenatal corticosteroid use, induced preterm deliveries, cesarean deliveries, and surfactant use increased significantly in all gestational-age groups, except at 22 through 23 weeks. The substantial improvement in survival in France for newborns born at 25 through 31 weeks' gestation was accompanied by an important reduction in severe morbidity, but survival remained rare before 25 weeks. Although improvement in survival at extremely low gestational age may be possible, its effect on long-term outcomes requires further studies. The long-term results of the EPIPAGE-2 study will be informative in this regard.
ISSN: 2168-6211

hal-01258705
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-01258705
PUBMED : 25621457
DOI : 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.3351