Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag (Germany)
Résumé : International audience
The anisotropy of vibrational properties influences the acoustic behaviour of wooden pieces and their dependence on grain angle (GA). As most pieces of wood include some GA, either for technological reasons or due to grain deviations inside trunks, predicting its repercussions would be useful. This paper aims at evaluating the variability in the anisotropy of wood vibrational properties and analysing resulting trends as a function of orientation. GA dependence is described by a model based on transformation formulas applied to complex compliances, and literature data on anisotropic vibrational properties are reviewed. Ranges of variability, as well as representative sets of viscoelastic anisotropic parameters, are defined for mean hardwoods and softwoods and for contrasted wood types. GA-dependence calculations are in close agreement with published experimental results and allow comparing the sensitivity of different woods to GA. Calculated trends in damping coefficient (tanδ) and in specific modulus of elasticity (E′/ρ) allow reconstructing the general tanδ-E′/ρ statistical relationships previously reported. Trends for woods with different mechanical parameters merge into a single curve if anisotropic ratios (both elastic and of damping) are correlated between them, and with axial properties, as is indicated by the collected data. On the other hand, varying damping coefficient independently results in parallel curves, which coincide with observations on chemically modified woods, either “artificially”, or by natural extractives.
Wood Science and Technology

hal-01096868
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01096868
DOI : 10.1007/S00226-010-0393-8

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Upon subduction, the oceanic crust transforms to blueschists and eclogites, with seismic properties that gradually become similar to those of the surrounding mantle. In order to evaluate the anisotropy of blueschists and glaucophane-bearing eclogites, the elastic constants of glaucophane single-crystal plates from the Sesia-Lanzo Zone (Aosta Valley, Western Alps) were measured using Brillouin spectroscopy at ambient conditions. The mean P- and S-wave velocities are 7.8 and 4.6 km s−1 respectively, and the anisotropy is high (38.1% (AVP) and 27.3% (AVS)). Glaucophane develops strong LPO, characterized by the [001]-axes concentrated sub-parallel to the lineation, and the {110} poles concentrated sub-perpendicular to the foliation in both blueschist and eclogite rocks. The measured LPO is in good agreement with viscoplastic selfconsistent numerical models. Seismic properties of glaucophane-bearing blueschist and eclogite are calculated by combining measured LPO and the single-crystal elastic moduli of glaucophane with the other main mineral constituents of the rock: mostly epidote for blueschist, and omphacite and garnet for eclogite. Blueschists present stronger anisotropies (AVP=16.1% and AVS=10.3%) than eclogites (AVP=2.9% and AVS=1.7%). The shear-wave splitting and resulting delay times for a 7-km thick layer of eclogite or blueschist are low for the eclogite (b0.03 s), but signi!cant for blueschist (0.16 s). Application to the subducted oceanic crust yields a decrease of velocity contrast with the surrounding mantle and of anisotropy at depth depending on the temperature of the slab. The details of the velocity variations in subducted oceanic crust are dif!cult to reconcile with the blueschist-eclogite transition as probed by exhumed metamorphic rocks and may require additional phases such as lawsonite or chemical variations such as oxidation state.
ISSN: 0040-1951

hal-00564518
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00564518
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2010.09.011

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
Purpose of review Toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients is associated with a high mortality rate. Molecular techniques are important tools to diagnose acute disease in immunocompromised patients, but there are various methods with variable efficiency. Some of them have been validated for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis, but the impact of their use has not been evaluated in immunocompromised patients. Recent findings Toxoplasmosis is of increasing importance in non-HIV immunocompromised patients. In addition, the picture of disease shows greater severity in South America, both in immunocompetent study participants and in congenitally infected infants. These epidemiological differences could influence the sensitivity of diagnostic methods. This review analyzes recent data on molecular diagnosis and compares them with older ones, in light of progress gained in molecular techniques and of recent epidemiological findings. Most recent studies were conducted in South America and used PCR targeting the B1 gene. PCR on blood could allow diagnosing a significant proportion of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis in Brazil. Summary Quantitative PCR methods with specific probes should be used to improve sensitivity and warrant specificity. Performance of quantitative PCR targeting the repeated 529 bp sequence for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients needs evaluation in field studies in South America and in western countries.
ISSN: 0951-7375

hal-01390970
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01390970
DOI : 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000275
PUBMED : 27191201

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Since its appearance at the beginning of the 2000’s, the Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation, known as REDD+, has gradually been admitted as an indispensable option for global policies aiming at tackling climate change. Relying on the concept of « avoided deforestation », it requires the formulation of a reference scenario aiming at evaluating efforts made by the countries involved in controlling their level of deforestation. Those scenarios are facing numerous political and scientific debates. This thesis aims at putting into perspective the principles of REDD+, based on a study site covering the Guiana Shield. In a first step, the formulation of a spatialiazed deforestation model over French Guiana will be presented, insisting on the necessity to focus on socio-economic drivers of deforestation. This statement will be reinforced, in a second step, by the the study of deforestation due to gold mining in the Guiana Shield, showing a very strong effect of gold prices and national political contexts on deforestation. These results finally contribute to a critical discussion on REDD+ mechanism, based on the formulation of very variable reference scenarios, relying more on political than on scientific determinants, and potentially enabling the emergence of environmental blackmailing.
Depuis ses balbutiements au début des années 2000, la Réduction des Emissions liées à la Déforestation et la Dégradation forestière, plus connue sous le sigle REDD+, a peu à peu été admise comme un moyen indispensable des politiques globales de lutte contre le changement climatique. Reposant sur le concept de « déforestation évitée », elle nécessite la formulation d’un scénario de référence servant à évaluer les efforts des pays dans la maîtrise de leur niveau de déforestation. Ces scénarios sont au cœur de nombreux débats politiques et scientifiques. Cette thèse constitue une mise en perspective des principes de REDD+ avec, comme cas d’étude, le Plateau des Guyanes. Dans un premier temps, on présentera l’établissement d’un modèle spatialisé de déforestation pour la Guyane française, insistant sur la nécessité de se focaliser sur les moteurs socio-économiques de la déforestation. Ce constat sera renforcé, dans un second temps, par l’étude de la déforestation liée à l’orpaillage à l’échelle de l’ensemble du Plateau des Guyanes, montrant un impact très fort du cours de l’or et des contextes politiques sur le niveau déforestation. Ces résultats alimenteront une discussion critique du mécanisme REDD+, basé sur la formulation de scénarios de référence potentiellement très variables et fondés sur des déterminants davantage politiques que scientifiques, ouvrant ainsi la porte à un potentiel chantage environnemental.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01564584

NNT : 2017YANE0005
tel-01564584
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01564584
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01564584/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01564584/file/these_dezecache.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Diffusion du document : INRA Documentation de Centre, Domaine de Duclos, 97170 Petitt-Bourg (Guadeloupe, France) Diplôme : DEA
il s'agit d'un type de produit dont les métadonnées ne correspondent pas aux métadonnées attendues dans les autres types de produit : DISSERTATION
Basralocus (Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff, Caesalpiniaceae), first timber exploited species in French Guyana, shows a spatial aggregative distribution. In order to characterize Basralocus clump organisation, many approaches were used : the study of different forest variables (total height, diameter at breast height, .... j, a spatial analysis studied by population splitting in 3 classes according to their diameters at breast height and an architectural analysis. To evaluate the pertinence of different approach, 2 clump structures, located on control and logged plots,are compared. The trees of the logged clump have a smaller height and diameter. a slender habit, a taller crown and a better growth than the control. These 2 clumps stand out by a different number of mature trees and different types of spatial distribution of juvenile trees around them are possible. The opening of the environment by forestry provokes a Jump rejuvenation by the presence of numerous unbranched young trees. The architectural analysis helps to detect a large expression variability in growth strategies which can be reflected by different architectural vigours. The combination between forest variables, spatial and architectural analysis results could suggest a dynamic evolution of these 2 clumps.
L'Angélique (Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff, Caesalpiniaceae), première espèce exploitée Pour le bois d'oeuvre en Guyane française, a une répartition spatiale de type agrégatif. Afin de caractériser la structure d’un agrégat d'Angélique, plusieurs approches sont utilisées: une étude des différents paramètres dendrométriques (hauteur totale, diamètre à 1.30 m....j. une analyse spatiale réalisée en découpant la population des individus en 3 classes de diamètre bien distinctes et une analyse architecturale. Afin de valider la pertinence de ces approches, 2 agrégats, l'un en parcelle témoin et l'autre en parcelle exploitée pour le bois d'oeuvre, sont comparés. Ainsi, les arbres de l'agrégat exploité ont une hauteur et un diamètre plus petit, un port plus élancé, un houppier plus grand et une meilleure croissance. Ces 2 agrégats se distinguent par un nombre variable de semenciers et différents types de répartition spatiale des juvéniles autour de ceux-ci sont possibles. L'ouverture du milieu par l'exploitation forestière provoque un rajeunissement de l'agrégat souligné par la présence de nombreux individus jeunes non ramifiés. L'analyse architecturale permet de déceler une grande variabilité d'expression dans le développement qui se traduit par différentes vigueurs architecturales. En combinant les résultats des analyses dendrométrique, spatiale et architecturale, une évolution dynamique de la structure de ces 2 agrégats est proposée.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189192

hal-01189192
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189192
PRODINRA : 13161

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Symbiosis is a widespread phenomenon in the biosphere. In marine benthic environments breakdown of symbiosis is responsible for coral bleaching and dramatically affects coral reef ecosystems functioning [1]. In the water column, planktonic organisms are key component of pelagic ecosystems and a number of species form mutualistic association with microalgae forming a photosymbiosis [2]. Here we intended to investigate the genetic basis of photosymbiosis, through a transcriptomic approach on marine plankton organisms. We focused more specifically on associations occurring between radiolarian host (protist, zooplankton) and dinoflagellates symbiont (protist, phytoplankton) living inside the host cell. It has recently been highlighted that these holobionts are widespread in oligotrophic open oceans and there are also evidences of their fundamental implication in biogeochemical carbon, silica and strontium cycles [3, 4, 5, 6]. RNA-seq technologies allow obtaining an unprecedented amount of data for unicellular organisms isolated from the environment [7]. The study of such non-model holobionts datasets requires de novo assembly, which implies considerable computational resources and the potential production of chimeric sequences [8, 9].We therefore developed an original strategy aiming at accelerating and improving de novo assembly for holobiont datasets. We chose SIMKA [10] a fast kmer-based method initially developed to estimate the similarity between numerous metagenomic datasets, and which has been recently adapted to extract their common sequences. As our symbionts are identified, we used SIMKA to compare our holobionts transcriptomes to publicly available dinoflagellates transcriptomes [11] generating two datasets, one composed of reads from the symbionts and another with reads from the host (for which no reference data are currently available). Independent assemblies were then performed in parallel, accelerating the study process, and minimizing the proportion of resulting chimeric sequences. Our strategy produced a unique and comprehensive genomic dataset for Radiolaria [12, 13], and offers a pragmatic, large scale, comparison strategy to assemble and study holobionts [9]. Our new sequences obtained from holobionts study will be used for phylogenomics investigation, as reference for environmental metagenomic studies and ultimately to understand and characterize the molecular basis of symbiotic relationships in the plankton.Bibliografic references :[1] Simon K. Davy, Denis Allemand, and Virginia M. Weis. “Cell Biology of Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis”. In: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 76.2 (June 1, 2012), pp. 229–261. issn: 1092-2172, 1098- 5557. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.05014-11.[2] Janouškovec, J. et al. “Major transitions in dinoflagellate evolution unveiled by phylotranscriptomics”. in: PNAS 201614842 (2016). doi:10.1073/pnas.1614842114[3] Tristan Biard et al. “In situ imaging reveals the biomass of giant protists in the global ocean”. In: Nature advance online publication (Apr. 20, 2016). issn: 0028-0836. doi: 10.1038/nature17652.[4] Lionel Guidi et al. “Plankton networks driving carbon export in the olig- otrophic ocean”. In: Nature 532.7600 (Apr. 28, 2016), pp. 465–470. issn: 0028-0836. doi: 10.1038/nature16942.[5] Diane K. Stoecker et al. “Acquired phototrophy in aquatic protists”. In: Aquatic Microbial Ecology 57.3 (Nov. 24, 2009), pp. 279–310. doi: 10.3354/ame01340.[6] Johan Decelle et al. “An original mode of symbiosis in open ocean plankton”. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109.44 (Oct. 30, 2012), pp. 18000–18005. issn: 0027-8424, 1091-6490. doi: 10. 1073/pnas.1212303109.[7] Sergio Balzano et al. “Transcriptome analyses to investigate symbiotic relationships between marine protists”. In: Frontiers in Microbiology 6 (Mar. 17, 2015). issn: 1664-302X. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00098.[8] Li, B. et al. “Evaluation of de novo transcriptome assemblies from RNA-Seq data”. In: Genome Biology 15, 553 (2014).[9] Sangwan, N., Xia, F. & Gilbert, J. A. “Recovering complete and draft population genomes from metagenome datasets”. In: Microbiome 4, 8 (2016).[10] Gaëtan Benoit et al. “Multiple comparative metagenomics using mul- tiset k -mer counting”. In: PeerJ Computer Science 2 (Nov. 14, 2016). doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.94.[11] Patrick J. Keeling et al. “The Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP): Illuminating the Functional Diversity of Eukaryotic Life in the Oceans through Transcriptome Sequencing”. In: PLOS Biol 12.6 (June 2014), e1001889. issn: 1545-7885. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001889.[12] Burki, F. et al. “Evolution of Rhizaria: new insights from phylogenomic analysis of uncultured protists”. In BMC Evolutionary Biology 10, 377 (2010).
International Conference on Holobionts
Paris, France

hal-01575069
https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01575069

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Isotopic fractionation of tritium is a highly relevant issue in radiation protection and requires certain radioecological considerations. Sound evaluation of this factor is indeed necessary to determine whether environmental compartments are enriched/depleted in tritium or if tritium is, on the contrary, isotopically well-distributed in a given system. The ubiquity of tritium and the standard analytical methods used to assay it may induce biases in both the measurement and the signification that is accorded to the so-called fractionation: based on an exhaustive review of the literature, we show how, sometimes large deviations may appear. It is shown that when comparing the non-exchangeable fraction of organically bound tritium (neOBT) to another fraction of tritium (e.g. tritiated water) the preparation of samples and the measurement of neOBT reported frequently led to underestimation of the ratio of tritium to hydrogen (T/H) in the non-exchangeable compartment by a factor of 5 % to 50 %. In the present study, corrections are proposed for most of the biological matrices studied so far. Nevertheless, the values of isotopic fractionation reported in the literature remain difficult to compare with each other, especially since the physical quantities and units often vary between authors. Some improvements are proposed to better define what should encompass the concepts of exchangeable and non-exchangeable fractions.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01117744
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01117744
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01117744/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01117744/file/Article%20review%20discrimination%20isotopique-envoy%C3%A9.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2013.12.020

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Introduction Considered in times gone by as a hostile environment and visited by only sailors and fishermen (Saffache, 2003). Later on as a place of healing, today, the marine environment serves as a receptacle for the most toxic effluents. In an effort to evaluate such a phenomenon, and above all, the impact it has on the environment, two forms of pollution will be highlighted, oil discharge and nitrogen and phosphorus-based products. 1. Oil Pollution: scope, consequences and anti-pollution ...

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.516
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/516

Résumé : Ce travail de thèse intitulé «Evaluation de marqueurs génétiques du complexe Mycobacterium tuberculosis combinée à l'utilisation d'outils bioinformatiques: apport en épidémiologie et phylogénie de la tuberculose» a consisté en la sélection et l'évaluation de marqueurs minisatellites dans le cadre d'études épidémiologiques et phylogénétiques du bacille tuberculeux, Une première partie a ainsi porté sur l'épidémie de tuberculose en Guadeloupe, Martinique, et Guyane française ainsi que dans un pays continental à faible incidence de tuberculose, la Suède, Les résultats montrent les disparités existant entre les populations de patients tuberculeux des 3 départements français d'Amérique (DFA) ainsi que les similitudes génotypiques existant entre les bacilles tuberculeux. Par ailleurs le rôle majeur joué par les cas d'importation dans l'épidémie de tuberculose a été montré aussi bien dans les DFA qu'en Suède. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés à une utilisation optimale des minisatellites pour une meilleure discrimination de la famille génotypique émergeante « Beijing» circulant au Japon (Osaka, Kobe et Okinawa), ainsi qu'en Russie. Nous avons constaté le faible pouvoir discriminant du format classique 12-locus MIRU (Mycobacterial lnterspersed Repetitive Units) et proposons plusieurs nouvelles stratégies de typage basées plusieurs marqueurs minisatellites incluant certains locus hypervariables. Enfin, dans un troisième volet, nous avons étudié la diversité génétique des bacilles tuberculeux circulant actuellement dans la Caraïbe. laquelle semble refléter le passé historique très particulier de cette zone géographique au croisement d'une multitude de peuplements.
This thesis entitled "Evaluation of genetic markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis combined with the use of bioinformatics tools: input for epidemiology and phylogeny of tuberculosis" deals with the selection and evaluation of minisatellite markers in the context of epidemiological and phylogenetic studies of the tubercle bacillus M. tuberculosis. The first part of the present work has focused on the epidemic of tuberculosis in Guadeloupe, Martinique and French Guiana as well as in a low incidence continental country, i.e Sweden. The results show differences between populations of TB patients in the three French Departments of America and similarities between the genotypes of the circulating tubercle bacilli Moreover, results highlight the important role played by imported cases for TB epidemic the three French departments of America and Sweden. ln a second part, minisatellite markers have been evaluated for a better discrimination of strains of the emerging genotype "Beijing" circulating in Japan (Osaka, Kobe and Okinawa), and Russia. A low discriminatory power of classical format 12-locus MIRU (Mycobacterial lnterspersed Repetitive Units) was observed and new combinations of minisatellites have also been proposed including hypervariable locus. Finally, the genetic diversity of tubercle bacilli circulating in the Caribbean was investigated which currently seem to reflect historical past of this very special region at the intersection of a multitude of cultures and peoples.

http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0427/document

Éditeur(s) : Université de Bretagne Occidentale
Résumé : The stock of Lambi, Strombus gigas (gastropod: strombidae), coastal benthic resource, has been exploited artisanally since the prehistoric period in Martinique. Nowadays, three lines of work exploit the species: free diving, nets (since the middle of the century) and scuba diving since 1985. This report presents the activity of each line of work, surveyed directly from 1986 to 1987: fishing zones and resource allocation, production, effort and performance, detail of catches (by length). The socio economic characteristics of the lambi fishermen are studied. The significant production of leisure fishing is also estimated. The decrease in the production and performance, as well as the lowering of the size of the first catch for about thirty years show that the stock is overexploited. The biological phenomenon of the stock: growth of the shell (length and shell lip), growth in weight, acquiring of sexual maturity, natural mortality are studied. The factors of mortality through fishing are estimated by class of length for the current exploitation regime by pseudo-cohort analysis. If the results confirm that the stock is overexploited, the level of overexploitation of the stock cannot be specified because of the presence of a number of lipped adults not yet too exploited in water deeper than 20 metres. The analysis of the dynamic process of the exploited population indicates two ways to the production of the stock: the forcing of the recruitment and the regulation of the exploitation regime. The lack of economic profitability of the production of juveniles over 30 mm and the difficulties raised by their collection in their natural habitat lead to the rationalization of the exploitation. The production and performance (by recruits) simulations performed for different exploitation regimens indicate that the only two conceivable options are the introduction of a minimum catch size, i.e. lambi with forming lip, and the regulation of the fishing effort. The socio-economic implications of the introduction of the determined management measures show that their applicability level is very low, because of the Martinique fishermen polyactivity, their low socio-economic level and mostly because of the free access to the resource. As a consequence, it is suggested to create new professional structures with a wide jurisdiction, in order to locally manage the marine areas, their use and their resources. (unverified OCR)
Le stock de lambi, Strombus gigas (gastéropode: strombidae), ressource benthique côtière, est exploitée artisanalement depuis l'époque préhistorique en Martinique. Trois métiers exploitent actuellement l'espèce: plongée libre, filets (depuis le milieu du siècle) et plongée en scaphandre autonome depuis 1985. Ce rapport présente l'activité de chaque métier, suivie de 1986 à 1987 par une enquête directe: zones de pêche et allocation de la ressource, productions, efforts et rendements, composition en longueur des captures. Les caractéristiques socioéconomiques des pêcheurs de lambi sont étudiées. La production d'une pêche plaisancière non négligeable est estimée. La diminution de la production, des rendements et l'abaissement de la taille de première capture depuis une trentaine d'années révèlent que le stock est surexploité. Les phénomènes biologiques du stock: croissance de la coquille (longueur et pavillon), croissance en poids, acquisition de la maturité sexuelle, mortalité naturelle sont étudiés. Les coefficients de mortalité par pêche sont estimés par classe de longueur pour le régime d'exploitation actuel par l'analyse de pseudo-cohorte. Si les résultats confirment l'état surexploité du stock, le niveau de surexploitation ne peut être précisé en raison de l'existence d'adultes pavillonnés encore peu exploités sur les fonds de plus de 20 mètres. L'analyse des processus dynamiques de la population exploitée indique deux voies pour restaurer la production du stock: le forçage du recrutement et la régulation du régime d'exploitation. Le manque de rentabilité économique de l'élevage des juvéniles au-delà de 30 mm et les difficultés pour leur collecte dans le milieu naturel conduisent à rechercher la rationalisation de l'exploitation. Les simulations de la production et du rendement par recrue réalisées pour différents régimes d'exploitation indiquent que seule la mise en place d'une taille minimale de capture, i.e le lambi au pavillon en formation, et une régulation de l'effort de pêche sont envisageables. Les implications socio-économiques de la mise en oeuvre des mesures de gestion déterminées montrent que leur niveau d'applicabilité est très faible, en raison de la polyactivité des pêcheurs martiniquais, de leur faible niveau socioéconomique et surtout, du régime de libre accès à la ressource. Aussi, il est proposé la création de nouvelles structures professionnelles aux compétences larges, qui permettraient, pour chacun des bourgs, une gestion locale de l'espace marin, des usages et des ressources. OCR NON CONTRÔLE

Droits : 1993 UBO
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1993/these-3751.PDF
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3751/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
Objective Large-scale prospective studies do not support an association between neuroticism and extroversion with cancer incidence. However, research on other personality constructs is inconclusive. This longitudinal study examined the associations between four personality measures, Type 1, "suppressed emotional expression"; Type 5, "rational/antiemotional"; hostility; and Type A with cancer incidence. Methods Personality measures were available for 13,768 members in the GAZEL cohort study (baseline assessment in 1993). Follow-up for diagnoses of primary cancers was obtained from January 1, 1994 to December 31, 2009. Associations between personality and cancer incidence were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards analyses and adjusted for potential confounders. Results During a median follow-up of 16.0 years (range, 9 days-16 years), 1139 participants were diagnosed as having a primary cancer. The mean duration between baseline and cancer diagnosis was 9.3 years. Type 1 personality was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio per standard deviation = 0.81, 95% confidence interval = 0.68-0.97, p = .02). Type 5 personality was not associated with prostate, breast, colorectal, or smoking-related cancers, but was associated with other cancers (hazard ratio per standard deviation = 1.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.04-1.31, p = .01). Hostility was associated with an increased risk of smoking-related cancers, which was explained by smoking habits, and Type A was not associated with any of the cancer endpoints. Conclusions Several personality measures were prospectively associated with the incidence of selected cancers. These links may warrant further epidemiological studies and investigations about potential biobehavioral mechanisms.
ISSN: 0033-3174

inserm-00813178
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00813178
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00813178/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00813178/file/PersonalityCancer_Lemogne_Psychosom_Med_2013.pdf
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00813178/file/inserm-00813178_edited.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES: To better select for patients who most likely will benefit from cardiac surgery among those with infective endocarditis (IE), we aimed to identify preoperative markers associated with poor outcome after cardiac surgery for IE, and to evaluate the accuracy of European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) II to predict mortality. METHODS: We enrolled all adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery during the acute phase of definite IE (Duke Criteria) in two referral centres for cardiac surgery. Patients were identified through intensive care unit (ICU) electronic databases, and data were collected from medical charts on standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Between 2002 and 2013, 149 patients (117 males), with a median age of 64 years [interquartile range 52-73], fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Main complications before surgery were left ventricular dysfunction (23%), central nervous system symptomatic events (34%) and septic shock (24%). Most patients (95%) presented with valve regurgitation, and 49% had perivalvular abscess. Surgery was performed with a median delay of 12 days [5-24] after IE diagnosis, and mean EuroSCORE II was 15.8 (13.4-18.1). In-hospital mortality was 21%. Preoperative variables associated with mortality in multivariate analysis were obesity [odds ratio (OR) 3.67 [1.10-12.19], P = 0.03], vegetation extgreater15 mm (OR 6.72 [1.46-30.98], P = 0.01), septic shock (OR 4.87 [1.67-14.28], P = 0.004) and mechanical prosthetic valve IE (OR 4.99 [1.72-28.57], P = 0.007). EuroSCORE II underestimated mortality in patients with predicted mortality over 10%. CONCLUSION: Factors independently predictive of mortality after cardiac surgery for IE are obesity, septic shock, large vegetation and a mechanical prosthetic valve IE. EuroSCORE II underestimates post-cardiac surgery mortality in patients with IE
ISSN: 1010-7940

hal-01169802
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01169802
DOI : 10.1093/ejcts/ezv223
PUBMED : 26116921

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Paris : Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
Résumé : International audience
The present study aimed to identify the Aetobatus species present in French Polynesia using DNA barcoding. Our study contributesto a better understanding of the distribution of species in the Aetobatus complex, which is necessary for a correct evaluation of the conservation status of the different species.
ISSN: 0399-0974

hal-01325811
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01325811

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Water vapour is highly variable in the atmosphere with concentration reaching saturation in the tropics and with dry areas over elevated continental region. Good knowledge of the amount of integrated water vapour in the air is necessary to predict phase changes and in particular precipitation. Water vapour variability measurements are still insufficient with standard observing systems. Moreover accurate GPS antenna positioning is affected by the refractivity index variation in the troposphere. Consequently, vertical positioning component estimation is difficult. This variation is directly linked to distribution of variables such as pressure, temperature and humidity along the path between satellite and receiver. Here we study more specifically heavy rains et notably Cevenols events. This thesis work consists to check the GPS measurement validity to quantify water vapour in comparison with measurements from radiosoundings and meteorological model outputs. GPS observations and flux surface information have been analysed to see if water vapour quantification by GPS allowed characterising heavy rain events (cumulative rainfall amount greater than 150 mm). Then, we tested the GPS data assimilation impact on cumulative precipitation forecasts using the high resolution Meteo France AROME model (2.5 km). Finally the quality and the contribution of GPS measurement on sea is evaluated for water vapour measurement. This study has been realised in the framework of VAPIMED experiment.
La vapeur d'eau varie largement dans l'atmosphère avec des concentrations allant de la saturation dans les tropiques à des zones presque sèches au-dessus des zones continentales élevées. Une bonne connaissance du contenu en vapeur d'eau dans l'air est nécessaire pour la prévision des changements de phases, notamment les précipitations. La mesure de la variabilité de la vapeur d'eau est une lacune des systèmes d'observation. Par ailleurs, il est apparu que le positionnement précis des antennes GPS était affecté par la variation de l'indice de réfraction dans la troposphère, ce qui rend particulièrement difficile l'estimation de la composante verticale. Cette variation est directement liée à la distribution des variables pression, température et humidité sur les trajets satellite-récepteur. On s'intéresse ici à l'étude des précipitations intenses et notamment aux épisodes Cévenols. Ce travail de thèse consiste à vérifier la validité de la mesure GPS pour la quantification de la vapeur d'eau en la comparant avec des mesures issues de radiosondage et des sorties de modèle météorologique. On cherche à analyser si la quantification de vapeur d'eau par GPS permet de caractériser les forts événements précipitants (cumuls supérieurs à 150 mm) à l'aide d'observations conjointes sur les flux de surface. On étudie ensuite l'impact de l'assimilation de données GPS issues d'un réseau GPS dense sur la prévision des cumuls de pluies dans le modèle à hauterésolution (2.5 km) AROME de Météo France. Finalement on évalue la qualité et l'apport de la mesure de vapeur d'eau par GPS en mer dans le cadre d'une campagne de mesure VAPIMED).
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444081

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
tel-00444081
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444081
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444081/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444081/file/These_KBoniface.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
In petroleum industry, the difference between pore pressure (Pp) and minimum horizontal stress Sh (termed the seal or retention capacity) is of major consideration because it is often assumed to represent how close a system is to hydraulic failure and thus the maximum hydrocarbon column height that can be maintained. While Sh and Pp are often considered to be independent parameters, several studies in the last decade have demonstrated that Sh and Pp are in fact coupled. However, the nature of this coupling relationship remains poorly understood. In this paper, we explore the influences of the spatial pore pressure distribution on Sh/Pp coupling and then on failure pressure predictions and trap integrity evaluation. With analytical models, we predict the fluid pressure sustainable within a reservoir before failure of its overpressured shale cover. We verify our analytical predictions with experiments involving analogue materials and fluids. We show that hydraulic fracturing and seal breach occur for fluid pressure greater than it would be expected from conventional retention capacity. This can be explained by the impact of the fluid overpressure field in the overburden and the pressure diffusion around the reservoir on the principal stresses. We calculate that supralithostatic pressure could locally be reached in overpressured covers. We also define the retention capacity of a cover (RC) surrounding a fluid source or reservoir as the difference between the failure pressure and the fluid overpressure prevailing in shale at the same depth. In response to a localized fluid pressure rise, we show that the retention capacity does not only depend on the pore fluid overpressure of the overburden but also on the tensile strength of the cover, its Poisson's ratio, and the depth and width of the fluid source.
ISSN: 0264-8172

hal-00590497
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00590497
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.08.007

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
The issue of drinking water quality compliance in small and medium scale water services is of paramount importance in relation to the 98/83/CE European Drinking Water Directive (DWD). Additionally, concerns are being expressed over the implementation of the DWD with respect to possible impacts on water quality from forecast changes in European climate with global warming and further anticipated reductions in north European acid emissions. Consequently, we have developed a decision support system (DSS) named ARTEM-WQ (AwaReness Tool for the Evaluation and Mitigation of drinking Water Quality issues resulting from environmental changes) to support decision making by small and medium plant operators and other water stakeholders. ARTEM-WQ is based on a sequential risk analysis approach that includes consideration of catchment characteristics, climatic conditions and treatment operations. It provides a holistic evaluation of the water system, while also assessing human health risks of organic contaminants potentially present in treated waters (steroids, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, bisphenol-a, polychlorobiphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petrochemical hydrocarbons and disinfection by-products; n = 109). Moreover, the system provides recommendations for improvement while supporting decision making in its widest context. The tool has been tested on various European catchments and shows a promising potential to inform water managers of risks and appropriate mitigative actions. Further improvements should include toxicological knowledge advancement, environmental background pollutant concentrations and the assessment of the impact of distribution systems on water quality variation.
ISSN: 1660-4601

hal-01122233
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122233
PUBMED : 25046634
DOI : 10.3390/ijerph110707354
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC4113881

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Partant du présupposé selon lequel les sciences, par leurs prétentions à l'universalité, constitueraient un terrain privilégié pour réunir des communautés fonctionnant sur des valeurs très différentes, notre recherche vise deux objectifs : la conception d'un outil permettant l'apprentissage des sciences à des enfants roms âgés de 6 à 8 ans, non scolarisés ; une évaluation de l'impact de cet outil en terme de scolarisation.
Un premier prototype a été conçu : une mallette contenant du matériel non coûteux et généralement disponible dans les foyers, permettant aux enfants de conduire aisément des expérimentations sur des sujets en relation avec des préoccupations proches de leur milieu de vie.
L'étude en cours concerne trois communautés roms de Roumanie, ayant de jeunes enfants non scolarisés. Lors d'une première visite, le matériel est présenté aux familles et les participants volontaires sont accompagnés lors de la réalisation des premières expérimentations. La mallette étant laissée à leur disposition, les familles sont visitées une seconde fois, un mois plus tard, pour discuter avec les utilisateurs des activités qu'ils ont pu conduire et leur apporter des explications.
On s'attend à ce que, au moyen de cet outil, les enfants accèdent à des connaissances scientifiques inaccessibles d'ordinaire au sein de leurs communautés et à ce que les familles transforment leur regard sur l'école et l'investissent comme moyen d'accéder à des connaissances utiles.
Nous présenterons dans cette communication les principes à la base de la conception des activités contenues dans la mallette, leur mise en œuvre dans les trois communautés ainsi que l'évaluation réalisée.
Différences et inéquités : enjeux culturels et scolaires pour les sciences et les techniques
Chamonix, France

halshs-00280412
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00280412

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Selected high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles and multibeam bathymetry acquired along the convergent Ecuador margin during the ATACAMES cruise on onboard the R/V L’Atalante (Jan.15–Feb.18, 2012) allow a preliminary evaluation of the neotectonic development and stratigraphic evolution of the margin based on the sismo-stratigraphic analysis of Quaternary sediment preserved on the margin shelf and upper slope. We present three major preliminary results. (1) The evolution of the Esmeraldas, Guayaquil and Santa Elena canyons. The head of the Esmeraldas canyon is the location of a continuous significant sediment transport. The Guayaquil canyon shows several episodes of deposition and incision. Aggrading sedimentation pattern in the canyon records several changes in relative sea-level. The subsidence of the Gulf of Guayaquil probably contributes to the good preservation of the canyon filling stages. The Santa Elena canyon is controlled by a SW–NE trending normal fault. (2) Variations of sediment accumulation and relative vertical motions are shown along-strike the shelf edge. Offshore the uplifted Manta peninsula, a pronounced subsidence of the shelf edge is documented by sedimentary clinoforms that have deposited in a morphological reentrant, and have migrated upslope testifying of a local subsidence meanwhile the adjacent La Plata Island area underwent uplift. In the Esmeraldas canyon area, a local uplift of the shelf is documented. (3) Two neotectonic fault systems with a possible transcurrent component are imaged across the shelf edge and upper margin slope offshore Jama, and Cape Galera. This possible transcurrent motion could be related to the reactivation of ancient faults of the upper plate by the subduction. These preliminary results indicate that the ATACAMES data set has a strong potential to evaluate the spatial and temporal contribution of tectonic and climate changes on the structural development and stratigraphic evolution of the Ecuador continental margin.
ISSN: 0025-3235

insu-01131151
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01131151
DOI : 10.1007/s11001-014-9231-y

Éditeur(s) : Université Nice Sophia Antipolis
Résumé : The Lesser Antilles is a case study of a very slow subduction (~2 cm/yr) of an old oceanic lithosphere (~84-100 Ma). The region presents a relatively low seismic activity, especially along the interplate contact, and the seismic hazard associated with a possible mega-thrust earthquake is still poorly known. This PhD thesis is a first step toward assessing the ability of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone to produce such a large subduction event. To do so, it aims at constraining the downdip width of the interplate's seismogenic zone. The lack of coverage of permanent seismological stations is a major limitation in the exploration of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone. It is due to the presence of only small aligned islands at far distances from the potentially seismogenic interplate area. Several oceanographic cruises were therefore planned that notably allowed the repeated deployment of ocean bottom seismometers; some of them being left for a few months of background seismicity recording. This thesis specifically focuses on two sets of wide-angle seismic data acquired offshore the Dominica and Martinique islands. From their analysis 3D and 2D tomographic models were produced respectively over the forearc region and across the whole subduction complex. These models constrain the plates' seismic structure as well as their geometry. They allow the discussion of how the imaged structures affect the subduction processes and give a first estimation of the downdip width of the seimogenic zone, defined as the segment of the interplate between the backstop and the upper plate's Moho. The joint interpretation of seismic models and earthquake localizations then refine this first assessment. Epicenter distribution from height months of seismic recording shows indeed that seismicity concentrates within the inner forearc region. The strong velocity gradient that characterize its basement suggests it is denser and more rigid than the more deformable outer forearc basement. The updip limit of the seismogenic zone could then lie arcward of the backstop at the contact of the interplate and the seaward end of the inner forearc crust. At depth, interplate earthquake mechanisms are observed between 35 and 45 km depth and interpreted to have occurred at the downdip limit of the seismogenic zone. The latter could reach a depth over 10,km deeper than the contact of the upper plate's Moho with the interplate, and therefore lie within the mantle wedge. All together, these results imply a large downdip width of the seismogenic zone (~70 km) offshore the Dominica and Martinique islands. Further work is, however, needed in order to fully comprehend the ability of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone to produce a possible mega-thrust earthquake. This would necessitate the evaluation of seismic coupling at the interplate contact and the possible segmentation of the seismogenic zone, for instance, due to the subduction of oceanic ridges.
Les Petites Antilles présentent un contexte géodynamique caractérisé par la subduction à très faible vitesse (~2 cm/an) d'une lithosphère océanique âgée (~84-100 Ma). L'activité sismique y est relativement faible, notamment à l'interplaque, où l'aléa sismique lié à un éventuel séisme de méga-chevauchement reste encore mal contraint. Cette thèse se veut être une première étape dans l'évaluation de la capacité de la zone de subduction des Petites Antilles à générer un tel évènement. Dans ce but, ces travaux tentent d'appréhender l'extension en profondeur du domaine sismogène de l'interplaque. Le manque de couverture des stations sismologiques permanentes est un inconvénient majeur dans l'exploration des Petites Antilles. Il s'explique en raison du peu de terres émergées et de leur éloignement de la zone potentiellement sismogène de l’interplaque. La région a donc fait l'objet de plusieurs campagnes océanographiques qui ont permis, notamment, le déploiement de sismomètres fond de mer (OBS); certains instruments étant restés immergés plusieurs mois afin de procéder à une écoute de la sismicité. Les travaux réalisés au cours de cette thèse se sont focalisés sur deux jeux de données de sismique grand-angle acquis au large des îles de la Dominique et de la Martinique. Leur analyse a permis la construction de modèles tomographiques 3D et 2D respectivement à l'échelle de l'avant-arc et de l'ensemble de la subduction. Ces modèles renseignent sur la structure sismique des plaques en convergence ainsi que sur leur géométrie. Ils permettent de discuter le rôle de la structure dans le fonctionnement de la subduction et d’obtenir une première estimation de l'extension en profondeur de la zone sismogène en considérant la portion de l'interplaque comprise entre le butoir et le Moho de la plaque supérieure. Dans un second temps, l'interprétation conjointe des modèles tomographiques et des localisations des séismes locaux a permis d'affiner cette estimation. Huit mois d'enregistrement de la sismicité montrent en effet une concentration des épicentres dans la région interne de l’avant-arc. Celle-ci présente un socle épais, à fort gradient de vitesse interprété comme plus dense et rigide que le socle de la région externe de l'avant-arc, plus déformable. La limite amont de la zone sismogène pourrait donc se situer en retrait de la position du butoir au contact de l'interplaque et de la limite entre ces deux zones de l'avant-arc. En profondeur, des mécanismes interplaques sont observés entre 35 et 45 km et interprétés comme des marqueurs de la limite aval de la zone sismogène. Cette dernière pourrait donc atteindre une profondeur jusqu'à 10 km supérieure à la limite précédemment évoquée et se trouver, par conséquent, au contact du manteau lithosphérique. L'ensemble de ces résultats suggèrent une extension en profondeur de la zone sismogène (i.e une largeur) de près de 70 km face aux îles de la Dominique et de la Martinique. Ces travaux doivent cependant être poursuivis afin d’évaluer pleinement la capacité de la zone de subduction des Petites Antilles à générer un éventuel séisme de méga-chevauchement. Le taux de couplage à l'interplaque doit être précisé ainsi que sa possible segmentation en lien, par exemple, avec à l'entrée en subduction des rides océaniques.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00172/28335/26628.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00172/28335/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
Introduction. - Temocillin is an alternative to treat urinary tract infections with bacteria producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). The objective is to evaluate the use of temocillin in urinary tract infections. Materials and methods. - A systematic review of literature was carried out according to PRISMA criteria. All national and international recommendations have been reviewed regarding the indication of the use of temocillin in urology. Data collection on the use of temocillin in urinary tract infection has been performed from the Cochrane, LILACS and the Medline database. The following keywords were used: temocillin, extended spectrum. beta-lactamase, urinary tract infections, urine, prostate, epididymis, testis, diffusion, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics. The selection was based on the methodology, language of publication (English/French), relevance to the topic and date of publication of the articles collected. The endpoint was to provide exhaustive scientific information allowing urologists to use this antibiotic in febrile urinary infections. Results. - Bacteria producing ESBL has a relatively high susceptible to temocillin, ranging from 61 % to 90 %. These rates would allow its use in probabilistic. The dosage recommended is currently, in the normo-renal patient, 4 g per day by intermittent infusion or continuously after a loading dose of 2g. Some studies argue, particularly in case of difficult clinical situations or obese patients, for administration of high doses (6 g/24 h) rather continuous infusion. There is no evident relationship between high doses and side effects. With an excellent urinary and prostatic diffusion, temocilllin might be recommend for the treatment of ESBL prostatitis. Conclusion. - Temocillin is known to have good urinary and prostatic diffusion. According to our results, this antibiotics is now a reliable alternative for the treatment of documented ESBL urinary tract infections. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 1166-7087

hal-01659245
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01659245
DOI : 10.1016/j.purol.2017.07.242
PUBMED : 28869169