Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) is a striking marine biodiversity hotspot. Coral reefs in this region host a high proportion of endemics compared to total species richness and they are particularly threatened by human activities. The island archipelagos with their diverse marine habitats constitute a natural laboratory for studying diversification processes. Rocky shores in the SWIO region have remained understudied. This habitat presents a high diversity of molluscs, in particular gastropods. To explore the role of climatic and geological factors in lineage diversification within the genus Nerita, we constructed a new phylogeny with an associated chronogram from two mitochondrial genes [cytochrome oxidase sub-unit 1 and 16S rRNA], combining previously published and new data from eight species sampled throughout the region. All species from the SWIO originated less than 20 Ma ago, their closest extant relatives living in the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA). Furthermore, the SWIO clades within species with Indo-Pacific distribution ranges are quite recent, less than 5 Ma. These results suggest that the regional diversification of Nerita is closely linked to tectonic events in the SWIO region. The Reunion mantle plume head reached Earth's surface 67 Ma and has been stable and active since then, generating island archipelagos, some of which are partly below sea level today. Since the Miocene, sea-level fluctuations have intermittently created new rocky shore habitats. These represent ephemeral stepping-stones, which have likely facilitated repeated colonization by intertidal gastropods, like Nerita populations from the IAA, leading to allopatric speciation. This highlights the importance of taking into account past climatic and geological factors when studying diversification of highly dispersive tropical marine species. It also underlines the unique history of the marine biodiversity of the SWIO region.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01185713
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01185713
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01185713/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01185713/file/PLoS%20ONE%202014%20Postaire.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0095040

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD John Libbey Eurotext
Résumé : International audience
Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer affecting men in most Western countries. Certain risk factors have been identified (age, family history, ethnic origin), but the aetiology of this cancer remains largely unknown. However, a role for environmental factors is strongly suspected. Questions have been raised concerning the role of the chemical substances generated by human activities in the occurrence of this disease. Diverse studies have consistently demonstrated a higher risk of prostate cancer in agricultural populations than in the general population. The hypothesis that this higher risk is linked to the use of pesticides has been tested in a number of studies, mostly in North America and Europe. However, to date, with a few possible exceptions, it has been impossible to demonstrate a significant association between exposure to pesticides or a chemical family of pesticides and prostate cancer. In the face of these uncertainties, rigorous studies are required, with objective measurements of exposure, taking into account confounding factors and individual risk factors, making it possible to assess gene-environment interactions.
ISSN: 0007-4551

inserm-00504733
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00504733
DOI : 10.1684/bdc.2008.0812
PUBMED : 19258224

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis
Résumé : International audience
INTRODUCTION: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor historically known for regulating expression of several important drug-detoxifying proteins. Besides drug metabolism pathways, cytokines have been recently recognized as targeted by the AhR signaling cascade, which may contribute to toxicity and changes in xenobiotic detoxification caused by AhR agonists. AREAS COVERED: This article summarizes the nature of the main cytokines regulated by AhR ligands and reviews their involvement in toxic effects of AhR ligands, especially in relation with inflammation. The article also discusses the potential implications for drug detoxification pathways. EXPERT OPINION: Even if various cytokines, including inflammatory ones, have already been demonstrated to constitute robust targets for AhR, the exact role played by AhR with respect to inflammation remains to be determined. Further studies are also required to better characterize the molecular mechanisms implicated in regulation of cytokines by AhR ligands and to determine the role that may play AhR-targeted cytokines in alteration of xenobiotic detoxification. Finally, changes in cytokine receptor expression triggered by AhR ligands have additionally to be taken into account to better and more extensively comprehend the role played by AhR in the cytokine/inflammation area.
ISSN: 1742-5255

inserm-00831662
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00831662
DOI : 10.1517/17425255.2013.738194
PUBMED : 23230817

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
A better understanding of the key ecological processes of marine organisms is fundamental to improving design and effective implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs) and marine biodiversity. The movement behavior of coral reef fish is a complex mechanism that is highly linked to species life-history traits, predation risk and food resources. We used passive acoustic telemetry to study monthly, daily and hourly movement patterns and space use in two species, Schoolmaster snapper (Lutjanus apodus) and Stoplight parrotfish (Sparisoma viride). We investigated the spatial overlap between the two species and compared intra-specific spatial overlap between day and night. Presence-absence models showed different diel presence and habitat use patterns between the two species. We constructed a spatial network of the movement patterns, which showed that for both species when fish were detected by the array of receivers most movements were made around the coral reef habitat while occasionally moving to silt habitats. Our results show that most individuals made predictable daily crepuscular migrations between different locations and habitat types, although individual behavioral changes were observed for some individuals across time. Our study also highlights the necessity to consider multiple species during MPA implementation and to take into account the specific biological and ecological traits of each species. The low number of fish detected within the receiver array, as well as the intraspecific variability observed in this study, highlight the need to compare results across species and individuals to be used for MPA management.
ISSN: 0141-1136

hal-01169390
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01169390
DOI : 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.06.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis (Routledge)
Résumé : International audience
This article presents the institutional implications and ideologies in the organisation of a Sports Movement for the disabled, whether a physical or sensory handicap, and focusing particular attention on its development in France, linked with international structures. The emergence and development in France of sports organisations for the disabled is based on a different model from that introduced in England by Guttmann through the Stoke Mandeville Games. From the 1960s, both trends, one supported by physicians and the other by individuals concerned with disabilities, structured the International Movement as a contest of negotiations and competition. The objective of rehabilitating paraplegics put in place at Stoke Mandeville gradually gave way to a sport rational and the integration of all types of disability within the Movement. The desire to unite in a single organisation was the driving force of the Movement in its search for dual recognition, on the one hand, as the representative of all physical and sensory deficiencies and, on the other, by the able-bodied sports councils and, in particular, the International Olympic Committee. However, this raised a number of issues inherent to any deficiency when taking into account its specific peculiarities.
ISSN: 0952-3367

hal-01681857
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01681857
DOI : 10.1080/09523367.2014.931842

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer affecting men in most Western countries. Certain risk factors have been identified (age, family history, ethnic origin), but the aetiology of this cancer remains largely unknown. However, a role for environmental factors is strongly suspected. Questions have been raised concerning the role of the chemical substances generated by human activities in the occurrence of this disease. Diverse studies have consistently demonstrated a higher risk of prostate cancer in agricultural populations than in the general population. The hypothesis that this higher risk is linked to the use of pesticides has been tested in a number of studies, mostly in North America and Europe. However, to date, with a few possible exceptions, it has been impossible to demonstrate a significant association between exposure to pesticides or a chemical family of pesticides and prostate cancer. Studies have also been carried out on the role of exposure to trace metals, such as cadmium, or to pollutants from industry, such as polychlorobiphenyls. However, no firm conclusions have been drawn. Finally, the effect of chemical substances with endocrine disruptor activity on the occurrence of prostate cancer remains largely unexplored in epidemiological studies. In the face of these uncertainties, rigorous studies are required, with objective measurements of exposure, taking into account confounding factors and individual risk factors, making it possible to assess gene-environment interactions.
ISSN: 1297-9589

inserm-00524579
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00524579
DOI : 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.07.005
PUBMED : 18693059

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Presses universitaires du sport
Résumé : International audience
The institutional changes interrogate the structuration of the collective organisation modalities in particular in the development of sports practices for disabled people. The phenomenon of circularity between global and local logics has to be taken into account in the analysis of institutions and gives to these ones a multidimensional character (Fossier & Monet, 2009). This work studies various local modalities of organization to enlighten foreground institutional stakes which are in process. For that purpose, we made a compared historical monograph of two Guadeloupians associations which develop sports practices for the physical disabled people. The hypothesis would be that these various Handisport organizations do not aim the same object to be established. The characteristics of these associations show that through the modalities of organization deceive underground divergent institutional stakes in particular about the definition of social places of physical disabled people.
Les transformations institutionnelles questionnent la structuration des modes d’organisation collective notamment dans le développement des pratiques sportives pour les personnes handicapées. Le phénomène de circularité entre des logiques globales et des logiques locales est à prendre en compte dans l’analyse des institutions et donne à ces dernières un caractère multidimensionnel (Fossier & Monet, 2009). Ce travail se propose d’étudier différents modes d’organisation locaux afin de faire émerger les enjeux institutionnels sous-jacents qui sont à l’oeuvre. Pour cela, nous avons effectué une monographie historique comparée de deux associations guadeloupéennes qui développent les pratiques sportives à l’intention des personnes déficientes physiques. L’hypothèse de travail est que ces différentes organisations Handisport ne visent pas le même objet à instituer. Les caractéristiques de ces associations montrent qu’à travers les modes d’organisation se dévoilent des enjeux institutionnels divergents qui portent notamment sur la définition des places sociales des personnes handicapées physiques.
ISSN: 1297-8019

hal-01681887
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01681887

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology
Résumé : International audience
This paper presents results from the first excavations on the Saintes Bay’s wreck, Guadeloupe, French West Indies. Thewreck may be linked to the loss of Anemone, a French schooner built in 1823 in Bayonne and used as a custom ship inGuadeloupe. The July 2015 archaeological project surveyed the site. Discrete trenches were excavated to identify both shipwreck material culture and ship structure, and compare this to archival records; and facilitate archaeological interpretationof the site, with regard to accounts of its loss, design plans, construction details, etc.
ACUA Underwater Archaeology Proceedings 2016

hal-01443277
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01443277
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01443277/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01443277/file/FINAL_ACUAProceedings2016%20Guibert.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Although earthquakes and tsunamis are less frequent in the Dover Straitthan over active subduction zones, a plausible potential exists for intraplate earthquakes of magnitude Mw=6.9 generating a tsunami with damaging consequences. In April 1580, an earthquake shook the region violently and destructions were reported as far as London in the north andRouen in the south. Despite fair weather conditions, a series of abnormal sea waves was reported in several harbours (Calais, Boulogne and Dover) on the same day. A first step was to produce a range of numerical coseismic tsunami simulations and to compare them with historical witness accounts. Results raise the question of whether such earthquakes could also triggerchalk flow-generated tsunamis along cliff lines on both sides of the Strait. Gravity-driven collapses affect thechalk cliffs periodically, but local tsunami waves caused by very large mass movements could reach heights of several meters and, for example, strike Dover.
Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
Lisbonne, Portugal

halshs-01291496
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01291496

Résumé : Le monde, depuis des millénaires, est bâti sur les fondations de sociétés bilingues. Or, ce « parler multiple » semble depuis toujours être source de conflit. Loin d’être considéré comme une richesse, le bilinguisme (ou plurilinguisme) semble plutôt représenter un problème auquel on tâcherait de trouver une solution. « La multiplicité » dit Louis-Jean Calvet (1999), « est chose mauvaise, on lui préfère de façon toute jacobine un bon gros Etat monolingue bien cerné dans ses frontières politiques et linguistiques ».La région caraïbe occupe une place tout à fait intéressante sur cette scène en perpétuel mouvement qu’est la mondialisation. Ces pays/îles doivent continuellement chercher l’équilibre entre appartenance locale, régionale et internationale, grand nombre d’entre eux luttant toujours aujourd’hui pour concilier leur statut d’anciennes colonies et le rythme rapide de la mondialisation. Cette thèse porte sur la place des langues vivantes dans les écoles du premier degré à la Martinique et à la Dominique et sur les enjeux d’un enseignement bilingue pour ces deux îles qui appartiennent à la fois à la Caraïbe et au monde. Nous proposons, dans un premier temps, une étude de la situation actuelle de l’enseignement des langues dans les deux îles : quelles sont les politiques linguistiques dans les deux contextes? Dans quelle mesure sont-elles mises en œuvre? L’enseignement des langues répond-il aux exigences des textes officiels ? Les politiques linguistiques sont-elles adaptées aux réalités sociolinguistiques de ces îles ? Dans un deuxième temps, nous interrogeons la possibilité d’un enseignement bilingue dès l’école préélémentaire dans les îles de la Martinique et de la Dominique et nous expérimentons des approches d’enseignement des langues en milieu institutionnel et en contexte périscolaire. Nous nous interrogeons sur des modes de fonctionnement différents : ne pourrait-on pas imaginer d’autres manières de faire ? Que pouvons-nous proposer comme solutions complémentaires et/ou alternatives à l’existant ?Enfin, dans un troisième temps, dans une perspective plus globale, nous posons la question de l’éducation bilingue, par une approche comparée, en analysant les faits éducatifs dans deux systèmes différents et en nous intéressant à la question de l’altérité. La compréhension de l’Autre peut-elle améliorer l’existant dans le cas de la Martinique et de la Dominique ? Nous revenons ainsi à la question de l’intérêt et des enjeux d’une comparaison de l’enseignement des langues dans ces deux systèmes, en prenant en compte les identités locales, régionales et internationales à travers des analyses historiques et sociolinguistiques. A la suite de cette analyse, nous faisons des propositions concrètes en faveur d’un enseignement bilingue intégré dans ces deux îles. Ces propositions concernent les domaines tels que la didactique, la planification en éducation et le curriculum bilingue, la formation des enseignants et la politique linguistique de la Caraïbe. Notre question centrale est la suivante : comment enseigner aujourd’hui pour mieux préparer les citoyens caribéens au monde de demain ?
The Caribbean region occupies an interesting space in the perpetually changing scene of globalisation. Caribbean countries or islands must continually seek to balance their sense of belonging to a local, regional and international community. This is sometimes a difficult task as any of them are still fighting to balance their evolution as old colonies with the fast pace of globalisation in a new world.This thesis focuses on language teaching at primary level in the islands of Martinique and Dominica. It examines the many issues surrounding language teaching and questions the role of bilingual education in the development of these two Caribbean islands as they evolve within the Caribbean and the world. Firstly, we propose a careful study of the current situation of language teaching in Martinique and Dominica. What are the language policies of these islands? How and to what extent are they implemented? Does language teaching truly reflect the objectives of official texts? Are the present language policies adapted to the sociolinguistic reality of each island?Secondly, we raise the question as to the possibility of the implementation of bilingual education at the pre-primary level in the islands of Martinique and Dominica. We examine the question through the experimenting of different language teaching methods within a school setting and as part of an extracurricular bilingual program. Can we envision alternative approaches to the present situation? What complementary or alternative solutions can we propose to improve on what already exists?Lastly, we look at the subject from an overall perspective and we address the question of bilingual education. We analyse how comparative education, the study of other education systems and the understanding of others play a major role in developing solutions to present day situations. This analysis takes into account issues relating to local, regional and international identities through a study of the historical and sociolinguistic context of the islands of Dominica and Martinique.Based on our analysis and on the literature, we put forward concrete proposals for holistic bilingual education on the islands of Martinique and Dominica. These proposals focus on areas such as language teaching pedagogy, education planning, the bilingual curriculum, teacher training, and language policy for the Caribbean. The main question underlying this thesis is: how do we teach today to better prepare Caribbean citizens for the world of tomorrow?

http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0834/document

Résumé : Au début du vingtième siècle, une rupture radicale et fondatrice de modernité artistique eut lieu au Brésil. Cette modernité se démarque de celle d’Europe par la prise de conscience des distances géographiques, culturelles et politiques vis à vis de l’Europe et surtout de l’ancienne puissance coloniale, le Portugal, par la recherche de son identité à travers la multiplicité des métissages du Nouveau Monde, ses mythes et son histoire réelle décolonisée. L’avant-garde brésilienne émerge autour de 1928, à travers les Manifestes anthropophages d’Oswald de Andrade (1890-1954) qui est donc le fondateur des anthropophagies, que l’on peut définir comme un indianisme à rebours. Le ″mauvais sauvage″ exerce sa critique contre les impostures du monde. « La ″Descente anthropophagique″ n’est pas une révolution littéraire, ni sociale, ni politique, ni religieuse. Elle est tout cela à la fois ! Sa loi est simple : Ne m’intéresse que ce qui n’est pas à moi ! Loi de l’homme, loi de l’anthropophagie ! » . Elle prescrit donc la dévoration des modèles importés et leur digestion dans l’hybridation au nom de l’identité brésilienne, par déplacement de concepts freudiens : « L’anthropophagie c’est la transformation permanente du Tabou (manger de l’homme) en Totem (de l’identité brésilienne) ! » . Ici l’influence notable de la psychanalyse et de l’anthropologie est à resituer : le déplacement du tabou anthropophage demeure une transgression symbolique, une métaphore, mais la référence anthropophagique ne concerne pas que la période précolombienne, car elle se réactualise. Nous nous proposons d’étudier ce phénomène à travers quatre questions : 1°- Quelles relations existent entre l’anthropophagie, l’histoire, l’esthétique et l’idéologie ? 2°- Quelle est la place des femmes artistes brésiliennes dans l’émergence de ce mouvement, compte tenu de leur présence décisive dès l’origine ?3°- Compte tenu de la résurgence rhizomique de l’anthropophagie dans la 2e moitié du XXe siècle, y compris jusqu’à aujourd’hui, quelle est la place des femmes artistes dans ce phénomène ? Y a-t-il continuité avec l’époque fondatrice ?4°- Etant donné ce qui précède, peut-on déduire qu’il existe un courant spécifiquement féminin dans l’anthropophagie d’hier et d’aujourd’hui ? Quelle est son importance réelle ? Quelles sont ses relations et postures par rapport à la postmodernité et à la mondialisation de l’art contemporain ?
At the beginning of the twentieth century, in Brazil, a radical artistic rupture took place, which marked the beginning of a new era. The resulting modernity differed from its European counterpart by the awareness of geographical, cultural and political distances that alienated Brazil from Europe and more specifically from its former colonial owner, Portugal. Brazilian modernity sought to define its identity through important basic elements that constitute the stuff that the New World is made of: cross-breeding, mythology and post-colonialism. The Brazilian avant-garde emerged around 1928 with the publication of The Anthropophagy Manifesto by Oswald de Andrade (1890-1954), who is thus the founder of the Anthropophagy, that we can define as a backward step into a reinvented form of ″Amerindianness″. The ″bad savage″ voices his criticism against impostures of the world. « Anthropophagy art is not a literary revolution, nor is it a social plea, nor a political pamphlet, nor a religious tract. It is all these things at the same time. Its law is simple: everything that is not me is of interest to me. The law of men is the law of Anthropophagy ». It thus prescribes eating up imported models and digesting them through the process of hybridization in the name of Brazilian identity. By displacing Freudian concepts, «Anthropophagy is the permanent transformation of the Taboo (man-eating) into a Totem (Brazilian identity) ». The permeating influences of psychoanalysis and anthropology need to be put in perspective: the displacement of the anthropophagous taboo remains a symbolic act of transgression, a metaphor, but the anthropophagic reference does not concern the pre-Columbian period, because it is updated. We propose to study this phenomenon through four questions: 1°- What are the relations between Anthropophagy, history, esthetics and ideology? 2°- What is the place of women Brazilian artists in the emergence of this movement, taking into account their decisive presence right from the start? 3°- Taking into account the resurgence of Anthropophagy from the second half of the 20th century onwards, what is the place of women artists in this phenomenon? Are they pursuing the same interests as the founders of the movement?4°- Can we deduce that there exists a specifically female genre within the anthropophagic movement of yesterday and of today? If so, what is its relevance? Where does it stand with respect to the contemporary concepts of post-modernity and globalization in the present-day art world?

http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0766/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
At the time of the collision with India (55Ma), the southern margin of Asia was a composite continental domainresulting from an already long history of successive accretions of different terranes having different rheologies.Knowledge about the structure, composition and thermal state of the Tibetan lithosphere through time is thusfundamental to understand the respective contributions of pre-Cenozoïc and Cenozoïc tectonics in the building ofthe Plateau to its present-day elevations.We focused on the boundary between the Qiangtang terrane to the south, and the Songpan-Ganze terrane to thenorth.We jointly studied deep crustal xenoliths and associated (ultra-)potassic magmatism from the Eocene basinsof Nangqian and Xialaxiu (Qinghai Province, China), north of the Qiangtang terrane. The aims were to retrievethe composition and the thermal state of the lower crust during Eocene times, to study the behavior of the lowercrust and lithospheric mantle of the Eastern Qiangtang terrane and the adjacent Songpan-Ganze terrane at the timeof the collision, and the link with the magmatic activity.Crustal xenoliths are of two types: biotite-rich, amphibole bearing metasediments; and garnet-bearing quartzofeldspathicgneisses. Such assemblages are typical of very high-grade amphibolite and granulite faciesmetamorphism; further study should allow us to quantify the pressures and temperatures those rocks experienceduntil the time they were sampled by their host lavas.Major element geochemistry places the c.a. 51-49 Ma (Spurlin et al., 2005) Xialaxiu volcanic field in a fairlydifferentiated (SiO265-70 wt%) high-K field of the calc-alcaline series. Trace element analysis suggests a strongcrustal contamination of the primary mantellic melts. C.a. 38-37 Ma (Spurlin et al., 2005) Nangqian magmaticbodies span across the alkaline series, with high to extreme (K2O6wt%) values. Complex major and traceelement patterns, coupled with high-resolution microprobe data on pyroxene xenocrysts, suggest that enrichmentoccurred at the source by metasomatism of the lithospheric mantle.Further work will precise which mechanisms could have accounted for such a metasomatism of the mantle beneaththe Northern Qiangtang terrane during Eocene, and whether the lower crust had an autochtonous or allochtonousnature.
Geophysical Research Abstracts
Vienne, Austria

insu-01308919
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01308919