Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Congrès National Association Française Urologie
Paris, France

hal-00689744
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00689744

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD John Libbey Eurotext
Résumé : International audience
In mainland France, as in most Western countries, prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer in men. However, the incidence of this cancer is highly variable, depending on the region of the world. This variability is largely accounted for by differences in access to care, but also by environmental conditions and the ethnogeographic origins of the populations. The French West Indies--the archipelago of Guadeloupe and the island of Martinique--are unique in terms of their geography, environment and the lifestyle and origins of their populations. We report the incidence and mortality rates for prostate cancer in the French West Indies and also provide the first description of the major clinical and anatomical characteristics of this disease in this region.
ISSN: 0007-4551

hal-00671140
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00671140
DOI : 10.1684/bdc.2008.0811
PUBMED : 19258223

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Prostate cancer disparities have been reported in men of African descent who show the highest incidence, mortality, compared with other ethnic groups. Few studies have explored the genetic and environmental factors for prostate cancer in men of African ancestry. The glutathione-S-transferases family conjugates carcinogens before their excretion and is expressed in prostate tissue. This study addressed the role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions on prostate cancer risk in populations of African descent. This multi-institutional case-control study gathered data from the Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogens (GSEC) database, the African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium (AC3) and Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate Consortium (MADCaP). The analysis included 10 studies (1715 cases and 2363 controls), five in African-Americans, three in African-Caribbean and two in African men. Both the GSTM1 and the GSTT1 deletions showed significant inverse associations with prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR): 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-0.97 and OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.96, respectively]. The association was restricted to Caribbean and African populations. A significant positive association was observed between GSTM1 deletion and prostate cancer in smokers in African-American studies (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01-1.56), whereas a reduced risk was observed in never-smokers (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46-0.95). The risk of prostate cancer increased across quartiles of pack-years among subjects carrying the deletion of GSTM1 but not among subjects carrying a functional GSTM1. Gene-environment interaction between smoking and GSTM1 may be involved in the etiology of prostate cancer in populations of African descent.
ISSN: 0143-3334

hal-00682901
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00682901
DOI : 10.1093/carcin/bgr119
PUBMED : 21705483

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Congrès National Association Française Urologie
Paris, France

hal-00689742
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00689742

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Congrès National Association Française Urologie
Paris, France

hal-00689747
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00689747

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
We aimed to assess the impact of a postoperative drainage after RPN. A retrospective multicentric study included RPN performed at eight centers between 2010 and 2014. Three centers stopped using postoperative drainage early in their RPN experience, whereas other institutions systematically left a drain. Preoperative characteristics, complication rates, need for postoperative imaging or procedure (surgical or radiological) and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups [drainage (D) and no drainage (ND)]. Among 636 RPNs, 140 were done without drainage (22 %). In the ND group, surgeons were more experienced (> 50 cases: 55.7 vs. 15.1 %; p < 0.0001), and tumors were more complex (RENAL score: 7.6 vs. 6.5; p < 0.0001). Complication rates were similar in both groups (21.9 vs. 20.2 %; p = 0.67). The omission of postoperative drainage did not increase requirement of CT scan (RR = 1.03; 95 % CI 0.64-1.67). Length of hospital stay was shorter in the ND group (4.5 vs. 5.5 days; p = 0.007). There were six urinary fistulas: four in the D group (0.8 %) and two in the ND group (1.4 %; p = 0.49). A CT scan was done to confirm the diagnosis of fistula in every case. In multivariate analysis, the omission of drainage was not associated with increased need of postoperative CT scan or major complications but was a predictor of decreased length of stay. The omission of postoperative drainage does not seem to increase the risk of postoperative complications and could safely be omitted after RPN.
ISSN: 0724-4983

hal-01361502
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01361502
DOI : 10.1007/s00345-015-1721-2
PUBMED : 26511751

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : Le cancer de la prostate est le cancer le plus fréquent chez l'homme dans la majorité des pays occidentaux. Certains facteurs de risque sont bien identifiés (âge, antécédents familiaux, origine ethnique) mais son étiologie reste largement méconnue. Les substances chimiques d'origine anthropique suscitent de nombreuses interrogations quant à leur rôle dans la survenue de la maladie. Divers travaux ont montré, de manière consistante, la présence d'un excès de risque de cancer de la prostate chez les populations agricoles par rapport à la population générale. Cependant, l'hypothèse qu'un tel excès de risque soit relié à l'utilisation de pesticides n'a pas encore été formellement démontrée.
ISSN: 1166-7087

hal-00671956
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00671956

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
Autostatic ureteral stents have been commonly used in urology for more than 20 years. Encrustation is a frequent and well described phenomenon that sometimes makes stent removal difficult. The main predisposing factors are: duration of stenting, history or concomitant stone disease, urinary tract infection or bacterial colonization, pregnancy and chemotherapy. Treatment depends on the degree of encrustation, especially when it involves the proximal loop. Extracorporeal lithotripsy alone or combined with endoscopic treatment is very effective, but open surgery may sometimes be necessary. The authors report a case in which drainage was exceptionally prolonged as the stent was removed after a period of 10 years. Stent removal required 3 operations, including one open procedure. The steps of treatment are described and the aetiologies of encrustation and the therapeutic strategy are discussed.
ISSN: 1166-7087

hal-00697503
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00697503
PUBMED : 16734247

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Actes du 38ème Congres Groupe Français des pesticides
Brest, France

hal-00672031
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00672031

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : National audience
o abstract
ISSN: 1166-7087

hal-01477211
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01477211
DOI : 10.1016/j.purol.2016.07.209
PUBMED : 27969303

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: The effects of pressure-controlled (PC) ventilation on the ventilatory and haemodynamic parameters during laparoscopy procedures had not been carefully assessed. This prospective cross-over study was undertaken to compare how volume-controlled (VC) and PC modes could affect pulmonary mechanics, gas exchange, and cardiac function in patients undergoing laparoscopy. METHODS: Twenty-one patients undergoing laparoscopic urological procedures had their lungs ventilated at the beginning with VC ventilation. PC ventilation was instituted at the end of the VC sequence. Ventilator settings were adjusted to keep tidal volume, respiratory rate, and Fi(o(2)) constant in every mode. A complete set of ventilatory, haemodynamic, and gas exchange parameters was obtained under VC after 40 min of pneumoperitoneum and 20 min after switching for PC. Transoesophageal echocardiography was performed in order to evaluate systolic and diastolic function of the heart. RESULTS: When VC was switched to PC, peak airway pressure decreased [mean (sd) 32 (6) vs 27 (6) cm H(2)O; P < 0.0001], peak inspiratory flow increased [17 (3) vs 48 (8) litre min(-1); P < 0.0001), and dynamic compliance improved [+15 (8)%]. No difference was noted for static airway pressure, static compliance, and arterial oxygenation. No significant change could be demonstrated in the systolic [left ventricular end-systolic wall stress 66 (16) vs 63 (14) x 10(3) dyn cm(-2) m(-2)] or diastolic function [early diastolic velocity 10.3 (2.5) vs 10.5 (2.7) cm s(-1)]. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, no short-term beneficial effect of PC ventilation could be demonstrated over conventional VC ventilation in patients with pneumoperitoneum.
BJA

hal-00689758
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00689758
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aem166
PUBMED : 17626027

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 contribute to prostate cancer risk in a Caribbean population of African descent in Guadeloupe. METHODS: We performed a hospital-based case-control study with 134 prostate cancer patients and 134 cancer-free, age-matched control subjects. Epidemiologic data were collected using a standard questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and compute confidence intervals (CIs). Genotypes were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The frequency of the GSTM1-positive genotype was 81% in patients and 73% in control subjects, with an adjusted OR of 1.4 (95% CI 0.7 to 2.5). The frequency of the GSTT1-positive genotype was 78% in patients and 63% in control subjects, with an adjusted OR of 2.6 (95% CI 1.4 to 4.9). CONCLUSIONS: A functional GSTT1 polymorphism may be associated with prostate cancer susceptibility in a Caribbean population of African descent.
ISSN: 0090-4295

hal-00688449
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00688449
DOI : 10.1016/j.urology.2007.02.039
PUBMED : 17572208

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD John Libbey Eurotext
Résumé : International audience
Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer affecting men in most Western countries. Certain risk factors have been identified (age, family history, ethnic origin), but the aetiology of this cancer remains largely unknown. However, a role for environmental factors is strongly suspected. Questions have been raised concerning the role of the chemical substances generated by human activities in the occurrence of this disease. Diverse studies have consistently demonstrated a higher risk of prostate cancer in agricultural populations than in the general population. The hypothesis that this higher risk is linked to the use of pesticides has been tested in a number of studies, mostly in North America and Europe. However, to date, with a few possible exceptions, it has been impossible to demonstrate a significant association between exposure to pesticides or a chemical family of pesticides and prostate cancer. In the face of these uncertainties, rigorous studies are required, with objective measurements of exposure, taking into account confounding factors and individual risk factors, making it possible to assess gene-environment interactions.
ISSN: 0007-4551

inserm-00504733
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00504733
DOI : 10.1684/bdc.2008.0812
PUBMED : 19258224

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioScientifica
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Differences in circulating steroid hormone levels have been hypothesized to explain ethnic differences in steroid-related diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of a wide panel of steroid hormones, both androgens and estrogens, in healthy middle-aged African-Caribbean and European men. DESIGN AND METHODS: Serum steroid hormone levels were determined in men participating in a systematic public health study funded by the French National Health Insurance system. Blood was collected in the morning from 304 healthy African-Caribbean and European men aged between 40 and 69 years. Serum steroids were measured by mass spectrometry-gas chromatography, except for DHEAS and sex hormone-binding globulin, which were determined by RIA. Data were analyzed in 10-year age intervals by analysis of covariance, with adjustment for age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and season of sampling. RESULTS: Compared with Europeans, African-Caribbean men presented significantly higher serum levels of measured bioavailable testosterone, 4-androstenedione (4-dione), and estrone (E1) regardless of the age group, of 5-androstenediol (5-diol) in those aged 40-49 and 50-59 years, and of testosterone (TT) and dihydrotestosterone in those aged 40-49 years. In contrast, European men aged 40-69 years showed significantly higher serum levels of DHEA and DHEAS. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in serum steroid hormone levels were observed in middle-aged African-Caribbean and European men. Whether such differences could contribute to ethnic differences in disease risk in adult men remains to be investigated. Some steroids, such as bioavailable TT, 4-dione, 5-diol, and E1, deserve particular attention.
ISSN: 0804-4643

hal-00876034
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00876034
DOI : 10.1530/EJE-11-0551
PUBMED : 21951700

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer affecting men in most Western countries. Certain risk factors have been identified (age, family history, ethnic origin), but the aetiology of this cancer remains largely unknown. However, a role for environmental factors is strongly suspected. Questions have been raised concerning the role of the chemical substances generated by human activities in the occurrence of this disease. Diverse studies have consistently demonstrated a higher risk of prostate cancer in agricultural populations than in the general population. The hypothesis that this higher risk is linked to the use of pesticides has been tested in a number of studies, mostly in North America and Europe. However, to date, with a few possible exceptions, it has been impossible to demonstrate a significant association between exposure to pesticides or a chemical family of pesticides and prostate cancer. Studies have also been carried out on the role of exposure to trace metals, such as cadmium, or to pollutants from industry, such as polychlorobiphenyls. However, no firm conclusions have been drawn. Finally, the effect of chemical substances with endocrine disruptor activity on the occurrence of prostate cancer remains largely unexplored in epidemiological studies. In the face of these uncertainties, rigorous studies are required, with objective measurements of exposure, taking into account confounding factors and individual risk factors, making it possible to assess gene-environment interactions.
ISSN: 1297-9589

inserm-00524579
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00524579
DOI : 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.07.005
PUBMED : 18693059

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society of Clinical Oncology
Résumé : International audience
PURPOSE: Determining whether environmental estrogens are associated with the risk of prostate cancer may have important implications for our general understanding of this disease. The estrogenic insecticide chlordecone was used extensively in the French West Indies, contaminating the population for more than 30 years. We analyzed the relationship between exposure to chlordecone and the risk of prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated 623 men with prostate cancer and 671 controls. Exposure was analyzed according to case-control status, using either current plasma concentration or a cumulative exposure index based on years of exposure. We genotyped two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3829125 and rs17134592) in the gene encoding chlordecone reductase. RESULTS: We found a significant increase in the risk of prostate cancer with increasing plasma chlordecone concentration (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; 95% CI, 1.21 to 2.58 for the highest tertile of values above the limit of detection [LD]; P trend = .002) and for cumulative exposure index (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.88 for the highest quartile; P trend = .004). Stronger associations were observed among those with a positive family history of prostate cancer and among those who had lived in a Western country. The rs3829125 and rs17134592 allele variants were in complete linkage disequilibrium and were found at low frequency (0.04). Among subjects with plasma chlordecone concentrations above the LD, carriers of the allele variants had a higher risk of prostate cancer (OR, 5.23; 95% CI, 0.82 to 33.32). CONCLUSION: These findings support the hypothesis that exposure to environmental estrogens increases the risk of prostate cancer.
ISSN: 0732-183X

inserm-00518099
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00518099
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.2009.27.2153
PUBMED : 20566993

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD John Libbey Eurotext
ISSN: 1635-0421

hal-00688468
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00688468
DOI : 10.1684/ers.2007.0121