Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Few studies have explored the consequences of environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides for gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine pesticide that was used intensively, and almost exclusively, in the French West Indies until 1993. We investigated the impact of prenatal exposure to chlordecone on the occurrence of GDM, GH and PE by studying 779 pregnant women enrolled in a prospective mother-child cohort (Timoun Study) in Guadeloupe between 2004 and 2007. Chlordecone exposure was determined by assaying maternal plasma and information about pregnancy complications was obtained from midwives, pediatricians and hospital medical records after delivery. The risks of GH (n=65), PE (n=31) and GDM (n=71) were estimated by multiple logistic regression including potential confounders. Levels of chlordecone plasma concentration in the third (OR=0.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1, 0.5) and fourth quartiles (OR=0.3; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7) were associated with a statistically significant decrease in the risk of GH. A log10 increase in chlordecone concentration was significantly associated with lower risk of GH (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.6). No significant associations were observed between the chlordecone exposure and the risk of PE or GDM. This study suggests an inverse association between chlordecone exposure during pregnancy and GH. Further studies are required to determine the underlying mechanism, or the potential unknown confounding factors, resulting in this association.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01061391
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01061391
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01061391/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01061391/file/Saunders_et_al._Final_version_main_manuscript.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2014.03.024

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
CONTEXT: Chlordecone, an environmentally persistent organochlorine insecticide used intensively in banana culture in the French West Indies until 1993, has permanently polluted soils and contaminated foodstuffs. Consumption of contaminated food is the main source of exposure nowadays. We sought to identify main contributors to blood chlordecone concentration (BCC) and to validate an exposure indicator based on food intakes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) completed by a sample of 194 pregnant women to estimate their dietary exposure to chlordecone and compared it to blood levels. In a first approach, chlordecone daily intake was estimated as the product of daily eaten quantity of 214 foodstuffs, multiplied by their chlordecone content, and summed over all items. We then predicted individual blood chlordecone concentration with empirical weight regression models based on frequency of food consumption, and without contamination data. RESULTS: Among the 191 subjects who had BCC determination, 146 (76%) had detectable values and mean BCC was 0.86 ng/mL (range < LOD-13.2). Mean per capita dietary intake of chlordecone was estimated at 3.3 microg/day (range: 0.1-22.2). Blood chlordecone levels were significantly correlated with food exposure predicted from the empirical weight models (r=0.47, p<0.0001) and, to a lesser extent, with chlordecone intake estimated from food consumption and food contamination data (r=0.20, p=0.007). Main contributors to chlordecone exposure included seafood, root vegetables, and Cucurbitaceous. CONCLUSION: These results show that the Timoun FFQ provides valid estimates of chlordecone exposure. Estimates from empirical weight models correlated better with blood levels of chlordecone than did estimates from the dietary intake assessment.
ISSN: 0013-9351

inserm-00517109
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00517109
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00517109/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00517109/file/Pesticide_exposureofpregnantwomeninGuadeloupe.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.envres.2009.10.015

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
107e Congrès français d'urologie
Paris, France

hal-01128018
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01128018
DOI : 10.1016/j.purol.2013.08.056

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Prostate cancer disparities have been reported in men of African descent who show the highest incidence, mortality, compared with other ethnic groups. Few studies have explored the genetic and environmental factors for prostate cancer in men of African ancestry. The glutathione-S-transferases family conjugates carcinogens before their excretion and is expressed in prostate tissue. This study addressed the role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions on prostate cancer risk in populations of African descent. This multi-institutional case-control study gathered data from the Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogens (GSEC) database, the African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium (AC3) and Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate Consortium (MADCaP). The analysis included 10 studies (1715 cases and 2363 controls), five in African-Americans, three in African-Caribbean and two in African men. Both the GSTM1 and the GSTT1 deletions showed significant inverse associations with prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR): 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-0.97 and OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.96, respectively]. The association was restricted to Caribbean and African populations. A significant positive association was observed between GSTM1 deletion and prostate cancer in smokers in African-American studies (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01-1.56), whereas a reduced risk was observed in never-smokers (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46-0.95). The risk of prostate cancer increased across quartiles of pack-years among subjects carrying the deletion of GSTM1 but not among subjects carrying a functional GSTM1. Gene-environment interaction between smoking and GSTM1 may be involved in the etiology of prostate cancer in populations of African descent.
ISSN: 0143-3334

hal-00682901
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00682901
DOI : 10.1093/carcin/bgr119
PUBMED : 21705483

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Congrès National Association Française Urologie
Paris, France

hal-00689744
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00689744

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : Le cancer de la prostate est le cancer le plus fréquent chez l'homme dans la majorité des pays occidentaux. Certains facteurs de risque sont bien identifiés (âge, antécédents familiaux, origine ethnique) mais son étiologie reste largement méconnue. Les substances chimiques d'origine anthropique suscitent de nombreuses interrogations quant à leur rôle dans la survenue de la maladie. Divers travaux ont montré, de manière consistante, la présence d'un excès de risque de cancer de la prostate chez les populations agricoles par rapport à la population générale. Cependant, l'hypothèse qu'un tel excès de risque soit relié à l'utilisation de pesticides n'a pas encore été formellement démontrée.
ISSN: 1166-7087

hal-00671956
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00671956

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Progrès en Urologie
Paris, France

hal-01118562
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118562
DOI : 10.1016/j.purol.2014.08.011

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Persistent organic pollutants have not been conclusively associated with length of gestation or with preterm birth. Chlordecone is an organochlorine pesticide that has been extensively used to control the banana root borer population in the French West Indies. Data from the Timoun Mother-Child Cohort Study conducted in Guadeloupe between 2004 and 2007 were used to examine the associations of chlordecone concentrations in maternal plasma with the length of gestation and the rate preterm birth in 818 pregnant women. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression for length of gestation and a Cox model for preterm birth. The median plasma chlordecone concentration was 0.39 µg/L (interquartile range, 0.18-0.83). No correlation was observed with plasma concentrations of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (ρ = 0.017) or polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (ρ = -0.016), the other main organochlorine compounds detected. A 1-log10 increase in chlordecone concentration was associated with a decreased length of gestation (-0.27 weeks; 95% confidence interval: -0.50, -0.03) and an increased risk of preterm birth (60%; 95% confidence interval: 10, 130). These associations may result from the estrogen-like and progestin-like properties of chlordecone. These results are of public health relevance because of the prolonged persistence of chlordecone in the environment and the high background rate of preterm births in this population.
ISSN: 0002-9262

hal-01010740
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01010740
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01010740/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01010740/file/Chlordecone%20Exposure%20final.pdf
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwt313

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
PURPOSE: Multiple myeloma, a hematological malignancy generally affecting elderly people, was diagnosed at the beginning of the pregnancy of a 33-year-old woman. We carried out a literature review in order to evaluate the consequences of this cancer on pregnancy and of pregnancy on multiple myeloma, as to determine the specific follow-up required. METHODS: A systematic search for articles of interest published between 1949 and 16 November 2010 was performed in MEDLINE, SCOPUS and EMBASE, using the words "multiple myeloma" and "pregnancy". We identified 398 publications of potential interest, 20 of which were selected and included in the analysis. RESULTS: The selected articles included 26 cases. No specific risk factors were identified in pregnant women. The most common presentations were bone pain and/or anemia, as in the general population. Pregnancy seemed to have no effect on multiple myeloma progression. Most pregnancies went to term, with only two medical terminations and six cesareans performed before term, due to the severity of the cancer. No effect of the cancer or its treatment by chemotherapy during pregnancy was found in the children. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy does not seem to be contraindicated in women with multiple myeloma. Nevertheless, the management of pregnant patients with multiple myeloma is a diagnostic, therapeutic and social challenge, requiring a multidisciplinary approach and regular follow-up. Decisions should be taken based on the severity of the disease, its prognosis and maternal choice.
ISSN: 0932-0067

hal-00682571
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00682571
DOI : 10.1007/s00404-011-1985-8
PUBMED : 21786002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Société Française de Toxicologie Analytique, 3 juin 2008, Schoelcher, Martinique
Schoelcher, Martinique

hal-00672045
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00672045

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD John Libbey Eurotext
Résumé : International audience
In mainland France, as in most Western countries, prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer in men. However, the incidence of this cancer is highly variable, depending on the region of the world. This variability is largely accounted for by differences in access to care, but also by environmental conditions and the ethnogeographic origins of the populations. The French West Indies--the archipelago of Guadeloupe and the island of Martinique--are unique in terms of their geography, environment and the lifestyle and origins of their populations. We report the incidence and mortality rates for prostate cancer in the French West Indies and also provide the first description of the major clinical and anatomical characteristics of this disease in this region.
ISSN: 0007-4551

hal-00671140
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00671140
DOI : 10.1684/bdc.2008.0811
PUBMED : 19258223

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 contribute to prostate cancer risk in a Caribbean population of African descent in Guadeloupe. METHODS: We performed a hospital-based case-control study with 134 prostate cancer patients and 134 cancer-free, age-matched control subjects. Epidemiologic data were collected using a standard questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and compute confidence intervals (CIs). Genotypes were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The frequency of the GSTM1-positive genotype was 81% in patients and 73% in control subjects, with an adjusted OR of 1.4 (95% CI 0.7 to 2.5). The frequency of the GSTT1-positive genotype was 78% in patients and 63% in control subjects, with an adjusted OR of 2.6 (95% CI 1.4 to 4.9). CONCLUSIONS: A functional GSTT1 polymorphism may be associated with prostate cancer susceptibility in a Caribbean population of African descent.
ISSN: 0090-4295

hal-00688449
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00688449
DOI : 10.1016/j.urology.2007.02.039
PUBMED : 17572208

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Actes du 38ème Congres Groupe Français des pesticides
Brest, France

hal-00672031
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00672031

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Congrès National Association Française Urologie
Paris, France

hal-00689747
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00689747

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD John Libbey Eurotext
Résumé : International audience
The principal gynaecological cancers (breast, ovary, uterus, and cervix) account for over 40% of cancers found in women worldwide. However, large differences exist, in both their incidence and geographical distribution. The French West Indies, through their location, environment, socio-economic development, lifestyle, nutrition and the origins of their populations, constitute territories with a very particular character in the heart of the Caribbean. These characteristics have an impact on public health and can affect the incidence of tumours. We report for the first time the incidence of these major gynaecological cancers in Guadeloupe. Breast, ovary and uterine cancers have lower incidences in Guadeloupe than in mainland France. By contrast, cervical cancer is more frequent in Guadeloupe than in mainland France. The mortality rates associated with breast cancer, ovary and uterine cancer are also lower in Guadeloupe than in mainland France, whereas the opposite pattern is observed for cervical cancer. These observations may be accounted for in part by a difference in the prevalence of established or suspected risk factors for each of these types of cancer.
ISSN: 0007-4551

inserm-00504624
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00504624
DOI : 10.1684/bdc.2008.0810
PUBMED : 19258222

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Congrès National Association Française Urologie
Paris, France

hal-00689742
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00689742

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
International conference on Environmental Epidemiology and Exposure ISEE/ISEA
Paris, France

hal-00697382
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00697382

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Société Française de Toxicologie Analytique
Schoelcher, Martinique

hal-00672053
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00672053

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD John Libbey Eurotext
Résumé : International audience
Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer affecting men in most Western countries. Certain risk factors have been identified (age, family history, ethnic origin), but the aetiology of this cancer remains largely unknown. However, a role for environmental factors is strongly suspected. Questions have been raised concerning the role of the chemical substances generated by human activities in the occurrence of this disease. Diverse studies have consistently demonstrated a higher risk of prostate cancer in agricultural populations than in the general population. The hypothesis that this higher risk is linked to the use of pesticides has been tested in a number of studies, mostly in North America and Europe. However, to date, with a few possible exceptions, it has been impossible to demonstrate a significant association between exposure to pesticides or a chemical family of pesticides and prostate cancer. In the face of these uncertainties, rigorous studies are required, with objective measurements of exposure, taking into account confounding factors and individual risk factors, making it possible to assess gene-environment interactions.
ISSN: 0007-4551

inserm-00504733
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00504733
DOI : 10.1684/bdc.2008.0812
PUBMED : 19258224

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioScientifica
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Differences in circulating steroid hormone levels have been hypothesized to explain ethnic differences in steroid-related diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of a wide panel of steroid hormones, both androgens and estrogens, in healthy middle-aged African-Caribbean and European men. DESIGN AND METHODS: Serum steroid hormone levels were determined in men participating in a systematic public health study funded by the French National Health Insurance system. Blood was collected in the morning from 304 healthy African-Caribbean and European men aged between 40 and 69 years. Serum steroids were measured by mass spectrometry-gas chromatography, except for DHEAS and sex hormone-binding globulin, which were determined by RIA. Data were analyzed in 10-year age intervals by analysis of covariance, with adjustment for age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and season of sampling. RESULTS: Compared with Europeans, African-Caribbean men presented significantly higher serum levels of measured bioavailable testosterone, 4-androstenedione (4-dione), and estrone (E1) regardless of the age group, of 5-androstenediol (5-diol) in those aged 40-49 and 50-59 years, and of testosterone (TT) and dihydrotestosterone in those aged 40-49 years. In contrast, European men aged 40-69 years showed significantly higher serum levels of DHEA and DHEAS. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in serum steroid hormone levels were observed in middle-aged African-Caribbean and European men. Whether such differences could contribute to ethnic differences in disease risk in adult men remains to be investigated. Some steroids, such as bioavailable TT, 4-dione, 5-diol, and E1, deserve particular attention.
ISSN: 0804-4643

hal-00876034
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00876034
DOI : 10.1530/EJE-11-0551
PUBMED : 21951700