Éditeur(s) : Université de la Polynésie Française
Résumé : The ontogeny of osmoregulation was studied in the blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris in New Caledonia. The implication of branchial organs in ionic regulation was first demonstrated in juveniles by immunolocalization of three ion transporting proteins ( namely NKA, co-transporter NKCC1 and CFTR ) and ionocyte detection was done by means of electron microscopy. The role of the main ion transporting enzyme, NKA, was subsequently investigated during post-embryonic development using an integrative approach associating physiological, histological, immunological and biomolecular studies. Results obtained allowed us to propose a model of the osmoregulatory pattern in L. stylirostris based on weak regulation in the early stages, then progressively this species acquires the adult pattern of hyper-hypo-regulation after metamorphosis with the concurrent development of epipodites and gills. Strong NKA immunofluorescence and abundance of NKA transcripts in these two tissues compared to others organs suggest their functional implication in osmoregulatory processes. The results of this study allow us to increase our knowledge of the penaeid shrimp osmoregulation and to propose zootechnical measures to improve the animal physiological comfort. These propositions have been already tested during larval rearing trials, leading a two-fold-growth in 19 days-old postlarvae.
L’étude de l’ontogenèse de l’osmorégulation a été entreprise chez la crevette bleue Litopenaeus stylirostris en Nouvelle-Calédonie. L’implication des tissus de la cavité branchiale dans la régulation ionique a été déterminée au préalable chez des juvéniles par immunolocalisation de trois transporteurs protéiques d’ions, ( la NKA, le co-transporteur NKCC1 et le CFTR ) et par la détection de ionocytes en microscopie électronique. Le rôle de la NKA a été particulièrement étudié et son implication a été examinée au cours du développement post-embryonnaire par une approche intégrative associant des études physiologiques, histologiques, immunologiques et moléculaires. Cette démarche nous a permis de proposer un modèle d’osmorégulation chez L. stylirostris: de faible régulatrice dans les premiers jours de sa vie, cette espèce évolue vers l’hyper-hypo-régulation après la métamorphose avec le développement progressif des épipodites et des branchies. L’immunofluorescence prononcée de la NKA ainsi que l’abondance des transcrits du gène codant la NKA dans les tissus de ces deux organes suggèrent leur implication fonctionnelle dans l’ionorégulation. Les résultats de ce travail nous ont permis d’accroître nos connaissances sur l’osmorégulation chez les pénéidés et de proposer des améliorations zootechniques visant à augmenter leur confort physiologique. Ces préconisations ont fait l’objet de premiers essais en conditions d’élevage et se sont traduites par un doublement de la croissance des post-larves de 19 jours.

Droits : 2011 The author, Univ. Polynésie Française
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00052/16314/13816.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00052/16314/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Si la production d'énergie renouvelable solaire, éolienne et géothermique est bien développée en Guadeloupe, il n'en est pas de même de l'éducation au développement durable dont la mise en place est très récente. Issu de travaux portant sur les mécanismes de contextualisation des savoirs scientifiques, l'enquête exposée ici vise à caractériser les conceptions d'élèves de CM2 sur la géothermie en fonction du contexte géologique dans lequel ils vivent. L'impact de l'opinion de l'enseignant sur celles de ses élèves est également mis en question par le fait que les élèves ayant un enseignant impliqué de manière critique ou positive ont une opinion plus positive de l'usine géothermique voisine. La détermination de l'opinion des élèves sur cet exemple semble donc soit être plus influencée par le contexte familial que par le scolaire, soit ne se construire plus nettement, par accord ou par opposition, face à l'implication de l'enseignant. Abstract If the production of solar, wind and geothermal energy is important in Guadeloupe, it is not the same for sustainable development education. Deriving from work on the mechanisms of contextualization of scientific knowledge, the investigation presented here aims to characterize the concepts of 10 years pupils about geothermal energy as a function of geological setting in which they live. The impact of the views of the teachers on those students is also questioned. Pupils with one teacher involved in citizen group critical or positive about geothermal plant, have a more positive view of the nearby geothermal plant. The determination of students' opinions on this example seems to be more influenced by family background than by the school or not to build more significantly, by agreement or opposition, given the involvement of the teacher.
19th Caribbean Geological conference
Gosier, Guadeloupe

hal-01539490
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01539490
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01539490/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01539490/file/FORMACOR.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Proceedings of the 60th GCFI Conference, Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, 5 - 9 Nov 2007. pp.1-11
Résumé : The development of the ecosystemic approach for fisheries supposes to improve integrated analysis of fisheries by considering the biological as well as the socio-economic dimensions of the exploitation. A prerequisite for integrated analysis is the improvement in the knowledge of fleets structure, fleet evolution and allocation of fishing effort in the different fisheries. However, small scale fisheries are often characterized by a lack of knowledge on the vessel fishing activity. This paper first presents a data collection methodology recently applied in the French West (Guadeloupe and Martinique) for the follow up of the whole vessel population. Based on a statistical analysis of these data sets, the paper develops a fleet-metier matrix giving the possibility to identify the structure of the fleet, the metier polyvalence of the vessels but also the origin of fishing mortality on the different exploited fishing resources. We then discuss the interest of this methodology for fisheries analysis and the perspective in terms of fisheries management at regional levels.
Le développement de l’approche écosystémique des pêches suppose de renforcer les analyses couplant les dimensions biologiques et socio-économiques de l’exploitation. Cela passe en particulier par une meilleure connaissance des flottilles de pêche, de leur évolution et l’allocation de l’effort de pêche dans les différentes pêcheries. Dans un contexte de connaissance souvent très limitée sur l’activité de navires de petite pêche, ce papier présente la méthodologie de collecte de données utilisée, dans le cas des îles des Antilles françaises (Guadeloupe et Martinique). Sur la base d’une collecte de données minimale mais exhaustive de l’activité des navires, le papier propose le développement une analyse matricielle (flottilles-métiers) permettant de caractériser la structure des flottilles de pêche, d’identifier leur polyvalence en termes de métiers pratiqués et l’origine de la mortalité par pêche. On discute enfin l’intérêt de ce type d’approche pour l’analyse de pêcheries ainsi que les perspectives pour la gestion des pêches.
El desarollo del estudio del ecosistema de las pescas supone que hay que intensificar los análisis considerando a la vez las dimensiones biológicas y socio-económicas de la explotación. Esto supone un mejor conocimiento de las flotillas de pesca, de su evolucíon y de la atribución del esfuerzo de pesca en las diferentes pesquerías. Sabiendo que los conocimientos sobre la actividad de los buques de pequeña pesca son muchas veces limitados, este documento presenta la metodología de recolección de informaciones estadísticas dada en el caso de las islas de las antillas francesas (Guadeloupe y Martinique). Basándose en una recoleccíon de informaciones estadísticas mínima pero eschaustiva de la actividad de los buques, este documento propone el desarollo de un análisis de las matrices (flotillas-metiers) que permite caracterizar la estructura de las flotillas de pesca y de identificar su caracter polivalente en términos de metiers practicados. No solo permite discutir sobre el impacto de las políticas que tienden a reorientar el esfuerzo de pesca de las especies de los bancos insulares hacia las especies pelágicas, sino también permite discutir sobre el interés de generalizar este tipo de recolección de informaciones estadísticas en los sistemas de observación de las pesquerías a escala de las pequeñas Antillas o de otros espacios pertinentes para la gestión de las pescas. Palabras llaves : flotillas, metiers, actividad de pesca, pequeña pesca, gestión de las pescas

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00243/35456/33985.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00243/35456/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Numerous social network mining methods have been proposed until now for addressing social mining tasks and specially searching for communities or frequent social patterns. However, the degree of complementarity of these methods has been very little studied. In this paper, we focus on two knowledge extraction processes in social networks: a link-based clustering that may extract social communities and a recent approach that searches for frequent conceptual link involving both clustering and search for frequent social patterns. We explore how the models extracted by each method may match and which potential useful knowledge they may provide. Our objective is to evaluate the potential relationships between communities and frequent conceptual links. For this purpose, we propose a set of measures for evaluating the degree to which these patterns extracted from the same dataset are matching. Our approach is applied on two datasets and demonstrates the importance of considering simultaneously various kinds of knowledge and their complementarity.
IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining
Niagara falls, Canada

hal-00874351
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00874351

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Intech
Résumé : International audience
The massive integration of sustainable energies into electrical grids (non-interconnectedor connected) is a major problem due to their stochastic character revealed by strongfluctuations at all scales. In this paper, the scaling behaviour or power law correlationsand the nature of scaling behaviour of sustainable resource data such as flow velocity,atmospheric wind speed, solar global solar radiation and sustainable energy such as,wind power output, are highlighted. For the first time, Fourier power spectral densitiesare estimated for each dataset. We show that the power spectrum densities obtained areclose to the 5/3 Kolmogorov spectrum. Furthermore, the multifractal and intermittentproperties of sustainable resource and energy data have been revealed by the concavityof the scaling exponent function. The proposed analysis frame allows a full descriptionof fluctuations of processes considered. A good knowledge of the dynamic of fluctua-tions is crucial to management of the integration of sustainable energies into a grid.
Sustainable Energy - Technological Issues, Applications and Case Studies

hal-01528087
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01528087
DOI : 10.5772/106341

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Investigative Pathology
Résumé : International audience
Based on both experimental and clinical data, tamoxifen has been proposed to have cardiovascular benefits, although the mechanism(s) contributing to that protective effect are still poorly understood. In vitro experiments demonstrated that tamoxifen elicits its transcriptional effect through estrogen receptor (ER) α, but other targets can participate in its actions. However, although tamoxifen selectively activates the activating function (AF)-1 of ERα, we recently showed that this ERα subfunction is dispensable for the atheroprotective action of 17β-estradiol (E2), the main ligand of ERs. The goal of the present work is to determine to which extent ERα and its AF-1 mediate the vasculoprotective action of tamoxifen. Our data confirm that tamoxifen exerts an atheroprotective action on low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-r(-/-)) female mice, but, in contrast to E2, it fails to accelerate reendothelialization after carotid electric injury. Tamoxifen and E2 elicit differences in gene expression profiles in the mouse aorta. Finally, the atheroprotective action of tamoxifen is abrogated in ERα(-/-)LDL-r(-/-) mice and in LDL-r(-/-) mice selectively deficient in ERαAF-1 (ERαAF-1(0/0)LDL-r(-/-)). Our results demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that tamoxifen mediates its actions in vivo through the selective activation of ERαAF-1, which is sufficient to prevent atheroma, but not to accelerate endothelial healing.
ISSN: 0002-9440

hal-00874317
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00874317
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.03.010
PUBMED : 23669343

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : il s'agit d'un type de produit dont les métadonnées ne correspondent pas aux métadonnées attendues dans les autres types de produit : ACTIVITY_REPORT
Understanding genomic evolution in wild populations is of particular importance because evolution is a central process in our understanding of populations’ history and their future response to global changes. In addition to fundamental knowledge, the study of populations’ evolution has wide applications such as conservation/restoration genetics or epidemiology. Indeed, genetic diversity is the ‘fuel’ for populations’ evolution and adaptation to new conditions, and estimating the extent and the geographic structure of genetic diversity, as well as identifying the evolutionary forces behind (demography, gene flow, and adaptation) are thus major challenges in the current context of global changes. [br/]A particular attention is currently devoted to the process of genetic divergence in wild populations, with emphases on gene flow, local adaptation, and their interactions. Indeed, adaptation in wild populations is supported in many species by many kinds of experiments based on both quantitative phenotypic traits and molecular data. However, the processes governing populations’ evolution are poorly understood in the tropical rainforest of Amazonia, and the relative influence of neutral and adaptive processes are continuously discussed. [br/]I am a young scientist interested in the process of genomic divergence in wild (tree) populations. I aimed at understanding how evolution structures the genetic diversity and governs molecular divergence in wild populations, with particular emphases on gene flow and local adaptation. During five years as a young scientist, I worked on answering the following questions, focusing on two tree species occupying vulnerable areas: mainly [i]Eperua falcata[/i] in Amazonia and, to a lesser extent, [i]Abies alba[/i] in the Mediterranean area.[br/][u]Scientific questions:[/u][br/]- Which evolutionary drivers are responsible of the structure of genetic diversity in wild populations occupying wide areas? This question was addressed at different geographical scales: from large (regional) to very local (microgeographic) scales. [br/]- What is the relative influence of neutral (gene flow, inbreeding) and adaptive drivers in the process of genetic divergence?[br/]- Is microgeographic adaptation possible in spite of extensive gene flow between populations occupying the extreme boundaries of an ecological gradient? [br/]- What is the extent of natural selection in the (whole) genome of wild populations? [br/][br/]My research work is at the interface between three promising disciplines: Evolutionary genomics (i.e. the study of populations evolution and the evolutionary drivers behind), Bioinformatics (i.e. the treatment of next-generation data), and Bayesian modelling (i.e. the empirical calibration of complex mechanistic model). I intend to take advantage of the recent advances in sequencing and informatic technologies to bring up to date the field of ecological genetics and evolutionary biology, by developing modern research strategies to study the process of genomic divergence in wild populations.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204218

hal-01204218
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204218
PRODINRA : 286326

Éditeur(s) : Neidine Editeurs
Résumé : This article of the number 10 of Tai Kona is the natural complement to the article appeared under the number 8, dedicated to the submarine geodiversity of the New Caledonian EEZ. The first article notably put the bases of knowledge on the history, the origins and the specificities of the geodiversity of the maritime spaces of the New Caledonian EEZ. The present article focuses on four of the major stakes which are put: 1/ the scientific ones relative to an exceptional submarine geologic context, 2 /the economic ones connected to such a favorable geologic context and to mineral resources exploitation perspectives which are no more domain of the utopia, 3/ the major environmental ones with the existence of a semi deep and deep major biodiversity and 4/ the stakes on the natural risks of a zone in the active local or regional seismicity. The conclusions of this article underline all the major challenges, in the interface of four main quoted questions, which New Caledonia must know how to raise.
Cet article du numéro 10 de Tai Kona est le complément naturel de l’article paru sous le numéro 8, dédié à la géo diversité sous-marine de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Le premier article posait notamment les bases de connaissance sur l’histoire, les origines et les spécificités de la géo diversité des espaces maritimes de la ZEE calédonienne. Le présent article se focalise sur quatre des enjeux majeurs qui sont posés aux plans : 1/ scientifique, relatifs à un contexte géologique sous-marin exceptionnel, 2/ économique, liés à un contexte géologique favorable et à des perspectives d’exploitation de ressources qui ne sont plus du domaine de l’utopie, 3/ environnemental avec là encore un contexte totalement original et l’existence d’une biodiversité semi profonde et profonde majeure et 4/ des risques naturels d’une zone à la sismicité locale ou régionale active. Les conclusions de cet article soulignent tous les enjeux majeurs, à l’interface des quatre grands défis cités, que la Nouvelle-Calédonie doit savoir relever.
Tai Kona (2269-7535) (Neidine Editeurs), 2014-09 , N. 10 , P. 24-37

Droits : 2014 Tai Kona
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00209/32013/30443.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00209/32013/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Cytogenetics provides a unique platform to study in situ structural, functional, and evolutionary aspects of the genome. As such it holds powerful promise in decoding mechanisms and processes of genome architectural changes and their role in organism's diversification and evolution. Since the early 80s, such an approach has been applied to the study of the Antarctic notothenioid fishes. In almost three decades, the cytogenetic information has expanded to cover half of the known species inhabiting the high Antarctic waters. Although started 10 years later, cytogenetic studies of species from the Ross sea region have provided valuable contributions to this bulk of knowledge. Here, we synthesize the currently available cytogenetic information on Antarctic notothenioid fishes from the Ross Sea Region, inclusive of both conventional karyotyping and gene mapping. In addition, new karyotypic data on four species (Lepidonotothen squamifrons, Trematomus scotti, T. loennbergii, and T. lepidorhinus) are provided. In discussing these data, specific focus is made on the patterns and subtleties of cytogenetic diversity at inter- and intra-specific levels aiming at contributing to the refinement of the knowledge of fish diversity in a region, the Ross Sea area, whose primary ecological value is widely recognized.
Hydrobiologia

hal-01544905
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01544905
DOI : 10.1007/s10750-015-2355-5

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Polarization dependence second harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy is gaining increase popularity for in situ quantification of fibrillar protein architectures. In this report, we combine P-SHG microscopy, new linear least square (LLS) fitting and modeling to determine and convert the complex second-order non-linear optical anisotropy parameter ρ of several collagen rich tissues into a simple geometric organization of collagen fibrils. Modeling integrates a priori knowledge of polyhelical organization of collagen molecule polymers forming fibrils and bundles of fibrils as well as Poisson photonic shot noise of the detection system. The results, which accurately predict the known sub-microscopic hierarchical organization of collagen fibrils in several tissues, suggest that they can be subdivided into three classes according to their microscopic and macroscopic hierarchical organization of collagen fibrils. They also show, for the first time to our knowledge, intrahepatic spatial discrimination between genuine fibrotic and non-fibrotic vessels. CCl 4-treated livers are characterized by an increase in the percentage of fibrotic vessels and their remodeling involves peri-portal compaction and alignment of collagen fibrils that should contribute to portal hypertension. This integrated P-SHG image analysis method is a powerful tool that should open new avenue for the determination of pathophysiological and chemo-mechanical cues impacting collagen fibrils organization.
ISSN: 2045-2322

hal-01592192
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01592192
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01592192/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01592192/file/s41598-017-12398-0.pdf
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-017-12398-0

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IRD
Résumé : International audience
Malaria remains a major health problem in French Guiana despite the decrease in the number of cases since 2010. A previous study in Camopi, an Amerindian village on the Oyapock River, revealed that Plasmodium falciparum malaria incidence was significantly related to landscape features and that its spatial distribution exhibited some obvious patterns. In the present study, we first identified the spatial patterns that exhibit a significant Moran's index of spatial auto-correlation and that significantly explain P. falciparum malaria incidence within the multiple linear regression framework. Secondly, we linked these patterns with remotely sensed environmental features. The selected model is composed of five spatial components: three patterns, representing 50.7% of the total variance, are associated with large scale variations of the incidence, and the remaining patterns are associated with local scale variations and represent 28.7% of the total variance. Different hamlet clusters that have specificities in terms of P. falciparum malaria incidence rate, environmental characteristics and mosquito control strategies have been identified. The methodology proposed in the present study can provide useful knowledge on the spatial distribution of the P. falciparum malaria incidence in Camopi at different scales and on possible explanation of such distribution, as a function of the scale.
Symposium of the Latin American Society for Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Systems (SELPER)
Cayenne, French Guiana

ird-00797353
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00797353
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00797353/document
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00797353/file/Roux_et_al_SELPER_2012.pdf
IRD : fdi:010058342

Éditeur(s) : Wiley-blackwell Publishing, Inc
Résumé : Oceanic larvae of the European (Anguilla anguilla) and American (A. rostrata) eels have to cross the Atlantic Ocean from the Sargasso Sea to European or North American coasts before entering continental habitats. In some European rivers, eel recruitment is now < 1% of levels in the 1980s. A better understanding of the effects of anthropogenic pressures and environmental fluctuations on eel larvae and subsequent recruitment is a prerequisite to build efficient management plans. The present paper provides insight into the critical oceanic phase of the eel life cycle with a focus on the duration of the larval migration whose estimates varies between 7 months and more than 2 years in both species. Does this range correspond to a natural variability in larval duration or does it stem from methodological artefacts? We first review the different methods used to estimate the duration of larval migration and critically describe their possible sources of misinterpretation. We then evaluate the consistency of these methods with the current knowledge about the ecology and physiology of eel larvae and the physical oceanography. While a moderate discrepancy in migration duration was found between methods for the American eel, the discrepancy was large in the European eel. In this species, otolith microstructure studies indicated migration durations between 7 and 9 months, while other methods pointed to durations of about 2 years. We show that estimates in favour of a long migration duration seem more robust to methodological caveats than methods estimating short durations of migration.
Fish And Fisheries (1467-2960) (Wiley-blackwell Publishing, Inc), 2010-09 , Vol. 11 , N. 3 , P. 289-306

Droits : 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00011/12208/9033.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00362.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00011/12208/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Laboratoire Arago
Résumé : International audience
Within all plankton surveys, teleostean eggs are collected together with the plankton, but their identification is generally not considered because of the lack of knowledge in descrip- tive taxonomic key. nevertheless, they can provide relevant information on biology and ecology of species, as well as on the condition of fishing stock in respect to fishery sciences. In the pres- ent work, we are proposing, for the first time, a determination key for fish eggs, based on quali- tative, quantitative and ecological features to identify teleostean eggs of many species occurring in the Mediterranean Sea. Descriptors where followed and established while keeping alive eggs until hatching, since it get nearly always possible to determine the species or the genus to which they belong at the hatching stage and get back then to look for specific characteristics of the eggs.
ISSN: 0240-8759

hal-01160066
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01160066

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La vulnérabilité croissante aux aléas extrêmes et les conséquences du changement climatique accentuent l’exposition des Antilles françaises aux risques naturels. Dans ce contexte, la Caisse Centrale de Réassurance par son rôle dans l’indemnisation des Catastrophes naturelles en France cherche à consolider ses connaissances sur les ouragans et les phénomènes induits comme les submersions, les inondations ou les glissements de terrain.À partir des archives antillaises et métropolitaines, une reconstruction de l’intensité des ouragans survenus depuis le début du xviie siècle a été possible. Elle permet ainsi d’évaluer l’exposition des territoires antillais. L’analyse des dommages a permis de proposer une évaluation des enjeux et ainsi saisir la construction de la vulnérabilité. Les réponses apportées en matière de gestion du risque depuis le xviie attestent de la volonté d’assurer la protection des enjeux et des populations et mettent en avant les relations entre risque et aménagement du territoire.
The rising vulnerability to Extreme hazard and the consequences of climate change increase the exposure of French Antilles to natural hazards. Therefore, the French reinsurance company Caisse Centrale de Réassurance aims to develop its scientific knowledge of hurricanes and induced phenomena like storm surges, floods and landslides.With the study of historical archives, located in the Antilles and Metropolitean France, it was possible to build an exhaustive hurricane Severity chronology since the 17th century. Then, a detailed damage analysis in specific strategic areas has offered the opportunity to assess the evolution of the vulnerability of the French Antilles societies. Furthermore, the Risk Management policies, since the 17th century, attest the willingness to protect strategic areas and populations and highlight the link between risk and land use.
Martinique
Guadeloupe
Saint-Martin
Saint-Barthélemy

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.7176
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/7176

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IOS Press (Amsterdam)
Résumé : 6 pages, 7 embedded figures, LaTeX 2e using the ecai2006.cls document class and the algorithm2e.sty style file (+ standard packages like epsfig, amsmath, amssymb, amsfonts...). Extends the short version contained in the ECAI 2006 proceedings.
International audience
Without prior knowledge, distinguishing different languages may be a hard task, especially when their borders are permeable. We develop an extension of spectral clustering -- a powerful unsupervised classification toolbox -- that is shown to resolve accurately the task of soft language distinction. At the heart of our approach, we replace the usual hard membership assignment of spectral clustering by a soft, probabilistic assignment, which also presents the advantage to bypass a well-known complexity bottleneck of the method. Furthermore, our approach relies on a novel, convenient construction of a Markov chain out of a corpus. Extensive experiments with a readily available system clearly display the potential of the method, which brings a visually appealing soft distinction of languages that may define altogether a whole corpus.
ECAI 2006: 17th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Riva del Garda, Italy

hal-00327782
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00327782
ARXIV : 0810.1261

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
TRAMIL is a research program applied to the use of medicinal plants in the Caribbean, established in the 1980s. Significant uses of herbal remedies to address self limiting health problems are identified through participatory ethnopharmacological surveys and are the subject of scientific validation. The results are then disseminated to several audiences.While comprising an international scientific contribution to academic research, the TRAMIL network activities value the popular and local knowledge. This fertile relationship between local knowledge and scientific research draws answers to key challenges for Caribbean societies: improving the health of Caribbean populations first and foremost, but also indirectly developing economic prospects in various sectors (agriculture, industry, tourism, and health).The success of TRAMIL is based on a rigorous methodology and on a noteworthy informal network of collaborators invested at different levels of the program, locally and / or regionally. TRAMIL is one of the few trilingual networks that have been active for nearly forty years, well before the popularization of the Internet, in more than twenty Caribbean territories. It involves people and communities, health care professionals, researchers in many disciplines, and information and documentation professionals.This paper proposes to explore these new ways of working together and the accomplishments to which they give rise by presenting some concrete examples of the TRAMIL program in Puerto Rico and examining the program's website and the complex challenges faced by the stakeholders involved in its implementation.
TRAMIL es un programa de investigación aplicada a la medicina popular del Caribe, iniciado en la década de los ‘80. Su trabajo se basa en llevar a cabo encuestas etnofarmacológicas participativas para identificar usos significativos de remedios de plantas, que son objeto de la validación científica, para tratar problemas comunes de salud. La difusión de los resultados de validación de los remedios con uso significativo completa las líneas de acción de TRAMIL. Al tiempo que representan una contribución científica internacional para la investigación académica, las actividades de TRAMIL constituyen la valoración de los saberes populares y locales. Esta relación fecunda entre el conocimiento local y la investigación científica es una respuesta a desafíos fundamentales para las sociedades del Caribe: mejorar la salud de las poblaciones del Caribe directa y en primer lugar, pero también, indirectamente, desarrollar oportunidades económicas en varios sectores (agricultura, la industria, el turismo y la salud).El éxito de TRAMIL se basa en una metodología rigurosa y una importante red informal de colaboradores que participan en diversas funciones del programa, a nivel de país y regional. TRAMIL es una de las pocas redes totalmente trilingües, activa durante casi cuarenta años, mucho antes de la popularización del Internet, en más de una veintena de territorio caribeños. Asocia especialmente a comunidades, profesionales de la salud, investigadores en muchas disciplinas, y profesionales de la información y documentación.Este trabajo tiene como objetivos explorar las modalidades de cooperación y logros sin precedentes de TRAMIL, presentando algunos ejemplos concretos del programa en Puerto Rico y examinar el sitio Web del programa y la complejidad de los desafíos que han enfrentado los actores involucrados en su implementación.
TRAMIL est un programme de recherche appliquée à l’usage des plantes médicinales dans la Caraïbe, né dans les années 1980. Les usages significatifs des plantes pour répondre à des problèmes de santé sont recensés par des enquêtes ethnopharmacologiques participatives puis font l’objet de travaux scientifiques destinés à les valider. Les résultats sont ensuite diffusés auprès de larges publics.Tout en constituant un apport scientifique international à la recherche universitaire, les activités du réseau TRAMIL s’inscrivent dans la valorisation des savoirs locaux. Cette relation fertile entre savoirs locaux et recherche scientifique dessine des réponses à des défis essentiels pour les sociétés caribéennes : l’amélioration de la santé des populations caribéennes de façon directe et en premier lieu, mais également, de façon indirecte, le développement de perspectives économiques dans des secteurs divers (agriculture, industrie, tourisme, santé).Le succès de TRAMIL repose sur une méthodologie rigoureuse et sur un important réseau informel d’acteurs investis à différents niveaux du programme, sur le plan local et/ou pancaribéen. C’est l’un des rares réseaux entièrement trilingue, actifs depuis près de quarante ans (bien avant la popularisation d’internet), dans plus d’une vingtaine de territoire de la Caraïbe. Il associe notamment les populations, les professionnels de santé, les chercheurs dans de nombreuses disciplines, et les professionnels de l’information et de la documentation.La présente contribution propose d’explorer ces modalités de collaboration inédites et les réalisations auxquelles elles donnent lieu, en présentant quelques exemples concrets du programme TRAMIL à Porto Rico, puis en examinant le site internet du programme et les défis complexes auxquels il a confronté les acteurs impliqués dans sa réalisation.
ACURIL 2017
San Juan, Puerto Rico

hal-01629021
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01629021

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La lutte contre la pauvreté constitue un enjeu majeur pour lequel le tourisme est susceptible d’apporter une contribution significative. Dès lors, il convient d’analyser les concepts qui serviront de base à la mise en place de politiques et d’actions spécifiques de lutte contre la pauvreté par le tourisme.Le rôle de l’environnement dans le développement touristique est devenu aujourd’hui un des enjeux majeurs de toutes politiques et initiatives dans le secteur du tourisme international.Dans ces conditions, le but est d’apporter les éléments de connaissance permettant de préciser le concept du développement durable et des actions visant à conforter les bases du développement touristique avec comme objectif majeur la lutte contre la pauvreté.
The fight against poverty is a major issue for which tourism is likely to make a significant contribution. Therefore, it is appropriate to analyze the concepts which will serve as a basis for the establishment of policies and specific actions to fight against poverty by tourism.The role of the environment in the development of tourism has become today one of the major issues for all policies and initiatives in the sector of international tourism.In these conditions, the aim is to bring the knowledge elements to clarify the concept of sustainable development and of actions which aim to strengthen the bases of tourism development with as a major goal the fight against poverty.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.6568
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/6568

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Avec 130 espèces identifiées, l’Amazonie est la région du monde qui abrite le plus grand nombre d’espèces d’abeilles sans dard. Cette diversité reste assez peu exploitée par les communautés locales, même si certaines pratiques, comme la recherche de nids ou l’extraction de miel sauvage, sont sans doute très anciennes. La diversification des usages du miel et l’utilisation récente du pollen à des fins médicinales, pourraient les modifier durablement, et les essaims devenir l’objet de toutes les attentions.Dans la Réserve d’Amanã, les dix-huit agriculteurs, que nous avons interrogés et parfois filmés lors de mises en situation, ont conscience de cette évolution et la plupart s’en réjouissent. En tant qu’éleveurs d’abeilles, ils savent aujourd’hui que pour récolter du miel, ils ne sont plus contraints de chercher des colonies sauvages, de les déloger pour finalement les détruire. Mais on aurait tort de croire que ces pratiques anciennes constituent, dans le cas étudié, une menace pour l’entomofaune ; d’une part parce que la pression sur les nids reste très limitée, d’autre part parce que les extractions ne concernent qu’un nombre réduit d’espèces. C’est pourquoi il est indispensable de mieux décrire ces techniques et de les valoriser comme des savoir-faire ancestraux.
With 130 identified species, the Amazon is one region of the world which shelters the largest number of species of bees without a sting. This diversity is rarely exploited by the local communities even if certain practices like the search of honeycombs or the extraction of wild honey are very ancient. The diversification of the uses of honey and the recent use of the pollen for medicinal purposes could modify these sustainable practices and the bee swarms could become a major center of attention.In the Amanã Reserve, the eighteen farmers that were questioned and sometimes filmed while they were in work situations, are conscious of this revolution and most of them rare pleased with this new trend. As working beekeepers, they know that to collect some honey, they are no longer compelled to look for wild colonies, to dislodge them from their natural habitat, which would finally destroy them. Correspondingly it would be wrong to believe that these ancient practices, extraction of wild honey, represent in the studied case, a threat for the entomofauna. On one hand, the importance on honeycombs remains very limited, also on the other hand, the extractions concern just a few number of bee species. That is why it is essential to better specify these techniques and to value them as an ancestral knowledge.
Brésil

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.10279
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/10279

Éditeur(s) : Cnexo
Résumé : Article 246 of the international agreement on marine legislation project deals with the practical conditions of scientific research in the exclusive economic area and on the continental shelf. We feel heavily concerned by this article and the first consequences of this new legislation begin to be felt in a very unpleasant way. In a large portion of seas and oceans, corresponding to the exclusive economic areas, research is subjected to the authorisation granted "in normal circumstances" by coastal states if it is conducted "exclusively for a peaceful purpose and in the aim to increase the scientific knowledge on marine environment in the interest of the whole of humanity."
L'article 246 du projet de convention internationale sur le droit de la mer traite des conditions d'exercice de la Recherche Scientifique dans la zone économique exclusive et sur le plateau continental. Il nous concerne au premier chef et les premières conséquences de ce droit émergeant commencent à se faire sentir désagréablement. Ainsi, sur une vaste portion des mers et des océans, celle qui correspond aux "zones économiques exclusives", la Recherche est désormais soumise à autorisation que les États côtiers doivent "dans des circonstances normales" accorder si elle est poursuivie à des "fins exclusivement pacifiques et en vue d'accroître les connaissances scientifiques sur le milieu marin dans l'intérêt de l'humanité tout entière". [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]
La Lettre du Cnexo (Cnexo), 1980-09 , N. 3 , P. 1-6

Droits : Cnexo - Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1980/publication-4774.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4774/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Approximately 4,000 petroleum (oil and gas) platforms exist in the northern Gulf of Mexico and form one of the world's most extensive de facto artificial reef systems. Collectively, these structures may comprise one of the largest fad (Fish Aggregating Device) arrays in the world, attracting surface and midwater pelagic fishes. The diverse composition of pelagic fish fauna at ngom platforms is described and includes valued species such as Thunnus albacares, Thunnus atlanticus, Coryphaena hippurus, Acanthocybium solandri, Rachycentron canadum, Seriola dumerili, Scomberomorus cavalla, and Decapterus punctatus. Petroleum platforms influence pelagic fishery resources and are an important component of the Gulf's commercial and recreational fishing industries. Reviewed literature revealed a sparsity of fundamental knowledge of densities, temporal and spatial occurrence, and fishing effort/catch rates of pelagic fishes at platforms. The role of Gulf petroleum platforms "as fads" is examined, possible mechanisms for aggregation are reviewed, and a synopsis of the author's preliminary findings on life history aspects of A. solandri and R. canadum from platforms is presented. It is proposed that platforms provide opportunities for the study of pelagic species to better understand the life history, ecology, behaviour, and habitat requirements of pelagic fishery resources in the Gulf of Mexico.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15301/12633.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15301/