Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Home health care workers interventions have been implemented in western countries to improve health status of patients with respiratory diseases especially asthma and allergic illnesses. Twenty-six controlled studies dealing with prevention and control of these diseases through home environmental interventions were reviewed. After a comprehensive description of the characteristics of these studies, the effectiveness of each intervention was then evaluated in terms of participants' compliance with the intervention program, improvement of quality of the indoor environment, and finally improvement of health outcomes, in detailed tables. Limitations and biases of the studies are also discussed. Overall, this review aims at giving a toolbox for home health care workers to target the most appropriate measures to improve health status of the patient depending on his and/or her environment and disease. Only a case-by-case approach with achievable measures will warrant the efficacy of home interventions. This review will also provide to the research community a tool to better identify targets to focus in future evaluation studies of home health care workers action.
Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice

hal-01477202
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01477202
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.07.011
PUBMED : 27665387

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
Infant and neonatal mortality indicators are known to vary geographically, possibly as a result of socioeconomic and environmental inequalities. To better understand how these factors contribute to spatial and temporal patterns, we conducted a French ecological study comparing two time periods between 2002 and 2009 for three (purposefully distinct) Metropolitan Areas (MAs) and the city of Paris, using the French census block of parental residence as the geographic unit of analysis. We identified areas of excess risk and assessed the role of neighborhood deprivation and average nitrogen dioxide concentrations using generalized additive models to generate maps smoothed on longitude and latitude. Comparison of the two time periods indicated that statistically significant areas of elevated infant and neonatal mortality shifted northwards for the city of Paris, are present only in the earlier time period for Lille MA, only in the later time period for Lyon MA, and decrease over time for Marseille MA. These city-specific geographic patterns in neonatal and infant mortality are largely explained by socioeconomic and environmental inequalities. Spatial analysis can be a useful tool for understanding how risk factors contribute to disparities in health outcomes ranging from infant mortality to infectious disease-a leading cause of infant mortality.
ISSN: 1660-4601

hal-01359563
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01359563
DOI : 10.3390/ijerph13060624
PUBMED : 27338439

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Introduction Adverse effect of environmental exposures on the pregnancy is now clearly stated in the literature. Chemical, biological, or physical agents are susceptible to influence the onset of the pregnancy, as well as the fetal development. This paper aims to summarize basic knowledge on the topic. Methods A literature review was conducted based on a targeted search on the Medline database. Results Literature data suggested increased risk of congenital malformation, fetal growth, or impaired neurodevelopment. Adverse environmental effects can be observed during the pregnancy, at birth, during the childhood, during the adulthood, and possibly on the next generation. Discussion Prevention tools can be used to limit several domestic, occupational or lifestyle exposures. While emphasizing the importance of the prevention, it is necessary to remind to pregnant women that frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes remain uncommon, considering the systematic exposures to a large panel of reprotoxicants. © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS
ISSN: 16374088

hal-01647157
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01647157
DOI : 10.1016/j.sagf.2017.06.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: The potential interest of antifungal treatment of non-immunocompromized patients with sepsis, extra-digestive Candida colonization and multiple organ failure is unknown. It represents three-quarters of antifungals prescribed in Intensive Care Units. It may allow early treatment of invasive fungal infection in the incubation phase but expose patients to unnecessary antifungal treatments with subsequent cost and fungal selection pressure. As early diagnostic tests for invasive candidiasis are still considered to be insufficient, the potential interest in this strategy needs to be demonstrated. METHODS: This prospective multicenter, double blind, randomized-controlled trial is conducted in 23 French Intensive Care Units. All adult patients, mechanically ventilated for more than four days with sepsis of unknown origin and with at least one extradigestive fungal colonization site and multiple organ failure are eligible for randomization. Patients with proven invasive candidiasis are not included. After a complete mycological screening, patients are allocated to receive micafungin 100 mg intravenously once a day or placebo for 14 days. We plan to enroll 260 patients. The main objective is to demonstrate that micafungin increases survival of patients without invasive candidiasis at day 28 as compared to placebo. Other outcomes include day 28 and 90 survival and organ failure evolution. Additionally, pharmacokinetics of micafungin in enrolled patients will be measured and evolution of fungal biomarkers and susceptibility profiles of infecting fungi will also be followed. DISCUSSION: This study will help to provide guidelines for treating non-immunocompromized patients with fungal colonization multiple organ failure and sepsis of unknown origin.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT01773876.
ISSN: 1745-6215

inserm-00913515
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00913515
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00913515/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00913515/file/1745-6215-14-399.pdf
PUBMED : 24261608

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
French Guiana is a South American French territory, where HIV prevalence consistently exceeds 1% in the adult population. In the only correctional facility, HIV prevalence fluctuates at around 4%.
After describing the population of HIV-positive inmates, we aimed to evaluate mortality after release from the correctional facility, and to identify its predictive factors.
Outside North American settings, data on treatment outcome and vital status of HIV-positive former inmates are scarce. There were no data in French Guiana. Filling this gap represents a basis for potential improvements.
All HIV-infected adults released from an incarceration of 30 days or more, between 2007 and 2013, were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study. Mortality was described over time, one to seven years following release, using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Factors associated with mortality were identified through a non-parametric survival regression model.
147 former inmates were included. The male to female ratio was 4.4. The median age was 37.3 years. The majority were migrants, 25.8% were homeless, 70.1% suffered from substance abuse, with 34.0% of crack-cocaine users. On admission, 78.1% had an early HIV-stage infection (CDC-stage A), with a median CD4 count of 397.5/mm3, 34.0% had one comorbidity, mainly hypertension. Upon release, 50.3% were on ART. Reasons for not being treated were not fulfilling the criteria for 74.6%, and refusing for 15.1%. Before release, 84.5% of the patients on ART had a viral load≤200cp/ml. After release, 8.2% of the cohort had died, with a crude incidence of 33.8/1000 person-years. All recorded deaths were males, with an incidence of 42.2/1000 person-years. Comparing with the age-specific mortality rates for males in French Guiana, the standardized mortality ratio was 14.8. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with death were age and CD4 count before release.
Despite access to ART while incarcerated, with good virological outcome, the post-release mortality was very high for males, almost 15 times what is observed in the general male population living in French Guiana, after age standardization. Access to ART in correctional facilities may be a necessary, but not sufficient condition to protect male inmates from death after release.
ISSN: 1932-6203

inserm-01519987
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01519987
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01519987/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01519987/file/2017%2C%20Huber%20-%20Mortality%20HIV%20prisoners%20after%20release.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0175740.t002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Endocrine Society
Résumé : International audience
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) paradigm is one of the most rapidly expanding areas of biomedical research. Environmental stressors that can impact on DOHaD encompass a variety of environmental and occupational hazards as well as deficiency and oversupply of nutrients and energy. They can disrupt early developmental processes and lead to increased susceptibility to disease/dysfunctions later in life. Presentations at the fourth Conference on Prenatal Programming and Toxicity in Boston, in October 2014, provided important insights and led to new recommendations for research and public health action. The conference highlighted vulnerable exposure windows that can occur as early as the preconception period and epigenetics as a major mechanism than can lead to disadvantageous "reprogramming" of the genome, thereby potentially resulting in transgenerational effects. Stem cells can also be targets of environmental stressors, thus paving another way for effects that may last a lifetime. Current testing paradigms do not allow proper characterization of risk factors and their interactions. Thus, relevant exposure levels and combinations for testing must be identified from human exposure situations and outcome assessments. Testing of potential underpinning mechanisms and biomarker development require laboratory animal models and in vitro approaches. Only few large-scale birth cohorts exist, and collaboration between birth cohorts on a global scale should be facilitated. DOHaD-based research has a crucial role in establishing factors leading to detrimental outcomes and developing early preventative/remediation strategies to combat these risks
ISSN: 0013-7227

hal-01187409
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187409
DOI : 10.1210/EN.2015-1350
PUBMED : 26241067

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are occupationally exposed to various hazards, some associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in previous reviews. This systematic review aims at synthesizing the recent literature on occupational exposures among HCWs related to fetal death, congenital anomalies, and fertility disorders. Methods: We searched the Medline database from 2000 to 2015 for articles about all potential occupational exposures of women and men working in this sector. Results: We retained 32 studies, most of them (n = 30) among women HCWs. Studies based on job title reported excess risks of some congenital anomalies (especially nervous and musculoskeletal systems) among HCWs compared to non-HCWs but no evidence about fetal death. Excess risks associated with specific exposures includes reports of some congenital anomalies forwomenexposed to anesthetic gases. Exposure to some sterilizing agents and, with less evidence, to antineoplastic drugs and to ionizing radiation, is associated with increased risks of miscarriage but not stillbirth. Strenuous work schedules appear to be associated with fertility disorders, but the evidence is limited. Only a few studies have been published since 2000 about non-ionizing radiation, or about fertility disorders related to chemical or physical agents, or about male HCWs. Conclusions: Despite the establishment of recommendations to limit exposures of HCWs, some excess risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes are still reported and need to be explained.
ISSN: 0271-3586

hal-01560148
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560148
DOI : 10.1002/ajim.22711
PUBMED : 28514021

Éditeur(s) : Wiley-blackwell
Résumé : Managing fisheries resources to maintain healthy ecosystems is one of the main goals of the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). While a number of international treaties call for the implementation of EAF, there are still gaps in the underlying methodology. One aspect that has received substantial scientific attention recently is fisheries-induced evolution (FIE). Increasing evidence indicates that intensive fishing has the potential to exert strong directional selection on life-history traits, behaviour, physiology, and morphology of exploited fish. Of particular concern is that reversing evolutionary responses to fishing can be much more difficult than reversing demographic or phenotypically plastic responses. Furthermore, like climate change, multiple agents cause FIE, with effects accumulating over time. Consequently, FIE may alter the utility derived from fish stocks, which in turn can modify the monetary value living aquatic resources provide to society. Quantifying and predicting the evolutionary effects of fishing is therefore important for both ecological and economic reasons. An important reason this is not happening is the lack of an appropriate assessment framework. We therefore describe the evolutionary impact assessment (EvoIA) as a structured approach for assessing the evolutionary consequences of fishing and evaluating the predicted evolutionary outcomes of alternative management options. EvoIA can contribute to EAF by clarifying how evolution may alter stock properties and ecological relations, support the precautionary approach to fisheries management by addressing a previously overlooked source of uncertainty and risk, and thus contribute to sustainable fisheries.
Fish And Fisheries (1467-2960) (Wiley-blackwell), 2014-03 , Vol. 15 , N. 1 , P. 65-96

Droits : 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00124/23522/21409.pdf
DOI:10.1111/faf.12007
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00124/23522/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society of Nephrology
Résumé : International audience
Since the recent publication of data showing favorable outcomes for patients with HIV-1 and ESRD, kidney transplantation has become a therapeutic option in this population. However, reports have documented unexplained reduced allograft survival in these patients. We hypothesized that the unrecognized infection of the transplanted kidney by HIV-1 can compromise long-term allograft function. Using electron microscopy and molecular biology, we examined protocol renal transplant biopsies from 19 recipients with HIV-1 who did not have detectable levels of plasma HIV-1 RNA at transplantation. We found that HIV-1 infected the kidney allograft in 68% of these patients. Notably, HIV-1 infection was detected in either podocytes predominately (38% of recipients) or tubular cells only (62% of recipients). Podocyte infection associated with podocyte apoptosis and loss of differentiation markers as well as a faster decline in allograft function compared with tubular cell infection. In allografts with tubular cell infection, epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules frequently contained abnormal mitochondria, and both patients who developed features of subclinical acute cellular rejection had allografts with tubular cell infection. Finally, we provide a novel noninvasive test for determining HIV-1 infection of the kidney allograft by measuring HIV-1 DNA and RNA levels in patients' urine. In conclusion, HIV-1 can infect kidney allografts after transplantation despite undetectable viremia, and this infection might influence graft outcome.
ISSN: 1046-6673

hal-01121764
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01121764
DOI : 10.1681/ASN.2013050564
PUBMED : 24309185
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC3904571

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The susceptibility of Anopheles mosquitoes to Plasmodium infections relies on complex interactions between the insect vector and the malaria parasite. A number of studies have shown that the mosquito innate immune responses play an important role in controlling the malaria infection and that the strength of parasite clearance is under genetic control, but little is known about the influence of environmental factors on the transmission success. We present here evidence that the composition of the vector gut microbiota is one of the major components that determine the outcome of mosquito infections. A. gambiae mosquitoes collected in natural breeding sites from Cameroon were experimentally challenged with a wild P. falciparum isolate, and their gut bacterial content was submitted for pyrosequencing analysis. The meta-taxogenomic approach revealed a broader richness of the midgut bacterial flora than previously described. Unexpectedly, the majority of bacterial species were found in only a small proportion of mosquitoes, and only 20 genera were shared by 80% of individuals. We show that observed differences in gut bacterial flora of adult mosquitoes is a result of breeding in distinct sites, suggesting that the native aquatic source where larvae were grown determines the composition of the midgut microbiota. Importantly, the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in the mosquito midgut correlates significantly with the Plasmodium infection status. This striking relationship highlights the role of natural gut environment in parasite transmission. Deciphering microbe-pathogen interactions offers new perspectives to control disease transmission.
ISSN: 1553-7366

hal-01546176
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01546176
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002742

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : The tropical coast of Queensland, Australia is experiencing rapid population and tourism growth. Heavy development pressure is being placed on the biophysical environment, which includes the largest sand island in the world (World Heritage listed), Fraser Island. Despite the existence of State planning legislation oriented towards environmental sustainability, it is apparent that little, if any, regard is being paid to the long-term effects of resort and canal-estate development on the underlying biophysical environment of the coast and islands. While the remarkable surface features of the tropical coastal environment such as the surf beaches, the unique dune lakes, and the coastal vegetation, as well as the prolific wildlife, are used as selling points for new settlement and above all tourism, little is known or apparently of major concern with respect to the long term environmental impact of coastal development. While the crowding effect of large numbers of visitors and their impact on the natural environment - through significant degradation, site hardening or lack of proper on-site management – has been identified as a particular problem in certain areas, there is little knowledge of impacts on the underlying coastal geomorphology. In particular, developmental choices are often made in ignorance of, or disregard of, the widespread existence of tropical acid sulfate soils in that coastal environment. Reactive soils such as these can, and do, greatly affect the biophysical outcomes of a development if they are exposed. This paper documents such impacts in the form of a case study of the acid sulfate soil problem in relation to the development of tourist resorts, and suggests that part of the solution is for the State Government to insist on enforceable standards relating to their development for tourism in the coastal zone. These would reduce the use by many resort owners of fancy golf course developments as an environmental cover up to make it look as if they put a lot of effort into protecting the environment….
La côte tropicale du Queensland est confrontée à un accroissement rapide de la population. Les fortes pressions anthropiques pèsent sur le milieu biophysique, qui comprend notamment a plus grande île de sable du monde, un site classé Patrimoine de l’Humanité, Port Hinchinbrook et Fraser Island. Malgré l’existence d’une législation nationale orientée vers la préservation de l’environnement, il est manifeste que peu d’attention est accordée aux effets à long terme des sites touristiques et du développement de l’urbanisation sur ces franges côtières sensibles. L’aspect massif des flux de visiteurs et leurs impacts sur le milieu naturel a été identifié comme un sujet d’inquiétude particulier dans certaines régions. La connaissance des impacts sur la géomorphologie côtière souterraine est très réduite et les choix de développement sont souvent faits dans l’ignorance ou au mépris de la présence répandue de terrains de sulfate d’acide dans ce milieu côtier. Des sols réactifs comme ceux-là peuvent affecter, et affectent, grandement les résultats géophysiques d’un développement lorsqu’ils sont connus. Des études de cas sur le problème des sols de sulfate d’acide suggèrent qu’une partie de la solution pour le gouvernement de l’Etat du Queensland est d’imposer des normes obligatoires pour le développement du tourisme dans la zone côtière.
Australie
Queensland

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.1272
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/1272

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Two major findings emerge from the theoretical analysis of Transport-Tourism link via a game theory type model of capacity coordination. Firstly the model explains the optimal capacities ratio of Transport and Tourism by the quotient of the ratio of tourism type (ratio of the length of stay in the destination and of transport duration) divided by the installation costs ratio (of transport and tourism).The corollary of this first finding gives the second outcome: The optimal transport and Tourism profit ratio is the product of the ratio of the type of tourism by the index of overcapacity conditions (a non linear combination of installation costs, and durations). From these results, it follows an interpretive grid that allows, according to tourism types, firstly to identify the optimal overcapacities by the difference between installation costs; and secondly the equilibrium ratio of profits according to the overcapacity direction and the tourism types.
Deux résultats ressortent de l’analyse théorique du lien Transport-tourisme via un modèle de coordination des capacités : l’expression et les déterminants des capacités et des profits optimaux relatifs du Transport et du Tourisme. L’article démontre que le rapport des capacités optimales de transport et de tourisme dépend du ratio comparatif de leurs coûts d’installation à celui inversé de leur poids relatif. Ce premier résultat a pour corollaire le second : le rapport d’équilibre des profits est le produit des indicateurs du type de tourisme (le ration des temps respectifs dans le transport et dans la destination) de la destination par celui identifiant les conditions de surcapacité relative. De ces résultats généraux, il suit une grille d’interprétation qui permet d’identifier d’abord le rapport optimal des capacités selon l’écart entre les coûts d’installation et le type de tourisme ; et ensuite le rapport d’équilibre des profits selon les sens des surcapacités relatives et le types de tourisme.
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01265798

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01265798
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01265798
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01265798/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01265798/file/TOURISME-TRANSPORT%20-%20CAPACITY%20COORDINATION%20VERS%20FRANC.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Publié en septembre 2013 dans le "Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction" vol.42 n°5 p.413-444
We review the epidemiological literature on the possible impact of chemical and physical factors on pregnancy outcome. Effects of in-utero exposures on child health are not considered here. The highest levels of evidence concern the effects of passive smoking (on fetal growth), of lead (pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal growth), of some Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB; on fetal growth) and, to a lesser extent, of atmospheric pollutants (on fetal growth and preterm delivery). For the other compounds, in particular non-persistent chemicals, the literature, which is generally based on poor exposure assessment, is less informative. In conclusion, the last decades have witnessed the development of mother-child cohorts in which exposure biomarkers have been assayed, allowing a large number of publications. For some persistent compounds, for which efficient exposure assessment approaches have been used, the literature indicates a likely impact on pregnancy outcomes. With the exception of air pollutants, the literature on non-persistent compounds is little conclusive; the assay of exposure biomarkers in repeated biological samples collected at relevant time points could help further increase knowledge regarding any health impact.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00916684

hal-00916684
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00916684
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00916684/document
DOI : 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.02.012

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Women who drink light-to-moderately during pregnancy have been observed to have lower risk of unfavourable pregnancy outcomes than abstainers. This has been suggested to be a result of bias. In a pooled sample, including 193 747 live-born singletons from nine European cohorts, we examined the associations between light-to-moderate drinking and preterm birth, birth weight, and small-for-gestational age in term born children (term SGA). To address potential sources of bias, we compared the associations from the total sample with a sub-sample restricted to first-time pregnant women who conceived within six months of trying, and examined whether the associations varied across calendar time. In the total sample, drinking up to around six drinks per week as compared to abstaining was associated with lower risk of preterm birth, whereas no significant associations were found for birth weight or term SGA. Drinking six or more drinks per week was associated with lower birth weight and higher risk of term SGA, but no increased risk of preterm birth. The analyses restricted to women without reproductive experience revealed similar results. Before 2000 approximately half of pregnant women drank alcohol. This decreased to 39% in 2000–2004, and 14% in 2005–2011. Before 2000, every additional drink was associated with reduced mean birth weight, whereas in 2005–2011, the mean birth weight increased with increasing intake. The period-specific associations between low-to-moderate drinking and birth weight, which also were observed for term SGA, are indicative of bias. It is impossible to distinguish if the bias is attributable to unmeasured confounding, which change over time or cohort heterogeneity. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
ISSN: 03932990

hal-01647159
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01647159
DOI : 10.1007/s10654-017-0323-2
PUBMED : 29027084

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Cancer/Testis (CT) genes are expressed in male gonads, repressed in most healthy somatic tissues and de-repressed in various somatic malignancies including prostate cancers (PCa). Because of their specific expression signature and their associations with tumor aggressiveness and poor outcomes, CT genes are considered to be useful biomarkers and they are also targets for the development of new anti-cancer immunotherapies. The aim of this study was to identify novel CT genes associated with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC), and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). METHODS: To identify novel CT genes we screened genes for which transcripts were detected by RNA profiling specifically in normal testis and in either HSPC or CRPC as compared to normal prostate and 44 other healthy tissues using GeneChips. The expression and clinicopathological significance of a promising candidate-NR6A1-was examined in HSPC, CRPC, and metastatic site samples using tissue microarrays. RESULTS: We report the identification of 98 genes detected in CRPC, HSPC and testicular samples but not in the normal controls. Among them, cellular levels of NR6A1 were found to be higher in HSPC compared to normal prostate and further increased in metastatic lesions and CRPC. Furthermore, increased NR6A1 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with a high Gleason score, advanced pT stage and cancer cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that cellular levels of NR6A1 are correlated with disease progression in PCa. We suggest that this essential orphan nuclear receptor is a potential therapeutic target as well as a biomarker of PCa aggressiveness. Prostate © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ISSN: 0270-4137

inserm-00821963
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00821963
DOI : 10.1002/pros.22659
PUBMED : 23532770

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
This paper describes an operational protocol for integrating conservation and restoration with land-use planning in islands. Conservation challenges are intensified in insular systems due to higher ecosystem vulnerability, limited spatial options, low data availability, rapid land-use change and, globally, short-term vision planning. Our operational planning protocol integrates ecological and socio-economic factors to identify the best spatial options for conserving and restoring biodiversity, inside and outside extant reserves, while minimising future land-use conflicts. Conservation and restoration targets are formulated for species, habitats and ecological processes that support biodiversity. An optimal network of priority sites is selected to achieve those targets across the landscape. The prioritisation process integrates a Conservation Costs Index to optimise conservation and restoration investments. We discuss the outcomes of the planning protocol in terms of site prioritisation, stakeholders' participation and general implications for spatial planning in insular systems. As with many islands, the study area of Réunion Island has experienced rapid urban and agricultural expansion, which threatens its unique biodiversity. Forty three per cent of the island is currently protected in a National Park but only half of this reserve network contributes to the achievement of targets. An additional 21% of land should be conserved mainly to ensure the persistence of ecological connections between the marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Finally we emphasize that our method doesn't substitute the land-use planning debate but is aimed to better prepare the conservation sector for negotiating future land-use allocation with other socio-economic sectors in islands
Landscape and Urban Planning

halsde-00676425
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00676425
DOI : 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.02.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Objectives To define the different stages of spontaneous labour. To determine the indications, modalities of use and the effects of administering synthetic oxytocin. And to describe undesirable maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with the use of synthetic oxytocin. Method A systematic review was carried out by searching Medline database and websites of obstetrics learned societies until March 2016. Results The 1st stage of labor is divided in a latence phase and an active phase, which switch at 5 cm of cervical dilatation. Rate of cervical dilatation is considered as abnormal below 1 cm per 4 hour during the first part of the active phase, and blow 1 cm per 2 hours above 7 cm of dilatation. During the latent phase of the first stage of labor, i.e. before 5 cm of cervical dilatation, it is recommended that an amniotomy not be performed routinely and not to use oxytocin systematically. It is not recommended to expect the active phase of labor to start the epidural analgesia if patient requires it. If early epidural analgesia was performed, the administration of oxytocin must not be systematic. If dystocia during the active phase, an amniotomy is recommended in first-line treatment. In the absence of an improvement within an hour, oxytocin should be administrating. However, in the case of an extension of the second stage beyond 2 hours, it is recommended to administer oxytocin to correct a lack of progress of the presentation. If dynamic dystocia, it is recommended to start initial doses of oxytocin at 2 mUI/min, to respect at least 30 min intervals between increases in oxytocin doses delivered, and to increase oxytocin doses by 2 mUI/min intervals without surpassing a maximum IV flow rate of 20 mUI/min. The reported maternal adverse effects concern uterine hyper-stimulation, uterine rupture and postpartum haemorrhage, and those of neonatal adverse effects concern foetal heart rate anomalies associated with uterine hyper-stimulation, neonatal morbidity and mortality, neonatal jaundice, weak suck/poor breastfeeding latch and autism. Conclusion The widespread use of oxytocin during spontaneous labour must not be considered as simply another inoffensive prescription without any possible deleterious consequences for mother or foetus. Conditions for administering the oxytocin must therefore respect medical protocols. Indications and patient consent have to be report in the medical file. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS
Revue Sage - Femme

hal-01467543
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467543
DOI : 10.1016/j.sagf.2016.11.006

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La République des Seychelles constitue un archipel formé de quelque 115 petites îles situées dans l’océan Indien, totalisant 455 km² et s’étendant sur 1 200 km. Les trois plus grandes îles intérieures sont Mahé, Praslin et La Digue qui regroupent 95 % de la population. Les îles des Seychelles offrent en raison de leur situation géographique, de leurs particularités climatiques et de l’attractivité de leurs images de destinations touristiques, la possibilité de pratiquer dans des conditions optimales une grande diversité d’activités de tourisme et de sports de nature tout au long de l’année. Les randonnées pédestre et équestre, le VTT, l’escalade, le surf, la plongée, la voile et le canoë-kayak marquent de leurs empreintes cet archipel. L’objectif de cette réflexion est d'identifier la place des activités de sports de nature dans l’offre touristique des Seychelles et de voir dans quelle mesure elles peuvent contribuer au développement durable de l’île, notamment en tissant des relations avec l’activité économique, la structuration du territoire et la construction identitaire. L’enjeu de développement durable est-il pris en compte par les acteurs seychellois dans le domaine touristique ?
The Republic of Seychelles is made of more than 115 small islands in the Indian Ocean, with 455 km2 of land in a stretch of about 1200 km. The three biggest inner islands are Mahe, Praslin, and La Digue, which include about 95% of the population. The Seychelles islands give the possibility in optimal conditions a vast variety of tourism activities and nature sports all year long, due to their geographical situations, their geomorphological configurations, their climate particularities, and their attractive images of touristic destinations. Walking and equestrian trekking, mountain bike, climbing, surfing, diving, yachting, and canoe-kayaking are some activities available in this insular territory. Because of this exceptional potential, the development of “nature” sports is in the (universe) field of leisure and tourism. The objective of this study is to identify what place “nature” sport activities play in the tourism offer in the Seychelles. Don’t they contribute, in the long-term development of the islands by having relations more interactive with the economic activity, the territorial structure, and the identity construction? Is the outcome of long-term development taken seriously by the actors of Seychelles in tourism field?
Seychelles

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5642
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/5642

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
The prognosis of vertebral alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is poor. We report on the unique outcome of a patient with preexisting liver cirrhosis, in whom a diagnosis of vertebral AE was established on vertebral histopathology (D4 corporectomy in 2010 for paraplegia). Therapeutic drug monitoring of albendazole (ABZ) showed that a low dosage was appropriate. The patient recovered and ABZ withdrawal was decided in 2014, with no relapse 18 months later. In this patient, infection was purely or mainly localized in the dorsal spine, and this may have been favored by liver cirrhosis. A longer follow-up is, however, needed to confirm cure.
ISSN: 0300-8126

hal-01509561
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01509561
PUBMED : 28004258

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Background/AimEpidemiological studies reported that prenatal solvent exposure was associated with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes that suggest impaired motor inhibition function. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) among children aged 10-12 years old, we aimed at investigating the effect of prenatal exposure to solvents on the activation of cerebral regions involved in the motor inhibition function.
International Society of Environmental Epidemiology
Sydney, Australia

inserm-01578506
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01578506