Éditeur(s) : Wiley-blackwell
Résumé : 1. Approximately 300 pelagic fish species naturally aggregate around floating objects (FOBs) at the surface of the oceans. Currently, more than 50% of the world catch of tropical tuna comes from the industrial tuna fisheries around drifting FOBs. Greater understanding of the complex decision-making processes leading to this aggregation pattern and the impact of the massive release of artificial FOBs by fishermen on the spatial distribution and management of tuna is needed. 2. We analyse how the interplay between social (relationships between individuals) and non-social (responses to the environment) behaviours may affect the spatial distribution of a population in a multi-FOB environment. Taking the example of tropical tunas associating with FOBs and using differential equations and stochastic simulations, we examine how, when increasing the number of FOBs, fish aggregation dynamics and the distribution of the population among patches are affected by the population size, level of sociality and the natural retentive and/or attractive forces of FOBs on individual tuna. 3. Our model predicts that, depending on the species' level of sociality, fish will be scattered among FOBs or aggregated around a single FOB based on the number of FOBs deployed in a homogeneous oceanic region. 4. For social species, we demonstrated that the total fish catch is reduced with increasing FOBs number. Indeed, for each size of population, there are a number of FOBs minimizing the total population of fish associated with FOBs and another number of FOBs maximizing the total population of associated fish. 5. Synthesis and applications. In terms of fisheries management, the total catch volume is directly linked to the total number of floating objects (FOBs) for non-social species, and any limit on the number of sets would then result in a limit on the total catch. For social species (e.g. tuna), however, increasing the number of FOBs does not necessarily lead to an increase in the total catch, which is a non-intuitive result. Indeed, our model shows that, for specific values of the parameters, deploying a greater number of FOBs in the water (all other parameters being constant) does not necessarily help fishermen to catch more tuna, but does increase the level of fishing effort and bycatch.
Journal Of Applied Ecology (0021-8901) (Wiley-blackwell), 2013-10 , Vol. 50 , N. 5 , P. 1081-1092

Droits : 2013 The Authors. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013 British Ecological Society
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00151/26275/24439.pdf
DOI:10.1111/1365-2664.12140
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00151/26275/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : Two populations of the Latin American shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus)stylirostris domesticated in Hawaii and in New Caledonia were previously shown to be genetically differentiated and proven highly inbred. In New Caledonia, where different Vibriosis affect shrimp production and antibiotic use is banned in growing ponds, the Hawaiian population was introduced to increase the allelic variability available for local shrimp farmers and start a genetic improvement program. Growth and survival rates of the two pure populations and the two-way F-1-hybrids obtained by breeding Hawaiian animals with New Caledonian animals were assessed in several simple experiments (earthen ponds, floating cages and experimental infection challenges) during two years on two successive generations. Results were very consistent: F-1-hybrids growth rates in earthen ponds were 37% (+/-7% SD) higher than for pure populations. Cage experiments demonstrated no competition between the different populations when reared together or separately in a common environment. The F-1-hybrids also showed better survival rates in all experiments. Combining the results on growth and survival rates leads to the conclusion that biomass production is much higher with F-1-hybrid populations than with pure populations using the same quantity of juveniles stocked: biomass production in ponds was increased 1.4 and 2.3 times on year I and year 2 respectively, and 1.9 times in floating cages. The advantage of growing F-1-hybrids appeared proportionally higher when environmental and sanitary conditions led to poorer survival (34% in year 2 vs. 56% in year 1). These results are a good example of performance improvement by heterosis effect and/or of performance loss due to inbreeding in the pure populations. This study demonstrates that aquaculture industries which cannot afford large selection programs may benefit from using two different inbred parental stocks to produce F-1-hybrids for each commercial growout. This is notably true when only inbred populations are available, or when introduction of genetic variability from the wild or from other genetic resources represents a zoo-sanitary risk. In our case, the expected increase in L stylirostris production could be around 85% (according to our average results) if producers keep stocking their ponds at their current densities using F-1-hybrids. However, for sustainability reasons, it is advisable to stock F-1-hybrid animals at lower densities, the gain in performance allowing producing the same amount of biomass with less input. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2008-06 , Vol. 278 , N. 1-4 , P. 43-50

Droits : 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4316.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.03.018
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4316/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Tuna world fisheries yield 3 million tons per year; the increase rate of whole production is constant and sustained since 30 years. This original figure for marine fisheries is due to enlargement of tuna fleets and fishing grounds over all the world ocean, the continuous increase of tuna fishing power by in board equipment and remote sensing equipment for searching and scouting (on board, aircraft, satellite, telecommunication_). During the last 20 years, the log-associated tuna fishing has contributed to the local individual and tuna fleets efficiency and fishing power either for large industrial tuna seiners by radio-equipped buoys on natural (debris) or artificial man-made logs. The same trend is noted for numerous artisanal tuna and large pelagic coastal fisheries on moored fishing aggregating devices and networks. The first part of the paper is a review of data and results to assess and rank the "Surfaces prospected by in board tuna seiners and associated aircraft and satellite technics" (visual, radar, sar-radar and satellite altimetry sensors). The final objective is the comparison with the surfaces and volumes associated to fads. Since 20 years, tuna ecology and behaviour data from ultrasonic tagging (short-term depth/distance/time migration around logs and fads) are used for fishing of tuna associated with floating objects, namely fads. The second part of this paper is an "Assessment of fad's aggregating associated surface and volume" linked with oceanographic data: large oceanic geostrophic current and observed drift speed of radio-equipped fads in the Indian Ocean. Using the available data on fads, tuna fishing technology linked with oceanographic and biological data results from ultrasonic tuna tracking experiments, the paper is an attempt to identify and place the fads technology in the scale of tuna fishing devices as a contribution to the increase of tuna fishing power either individual tuna boat or tuna fleets.Original Abstract: La production mondiale des pecheries thonieres est actuellement de l'ordre de 3 millions de tonnes par an et conserve depuis pres de 50 ans un taux de croissance annuel soutenu. Cette croissance, exceptionnelle pour un secteur des peches maritimes, est due a plusieurs causes: accroissement des effectifs et des puissances de peche des grandes flottes thonieres industrielles oceaniques qui exploitent les ressources thonieres de l'ocean mondial et le developpement conjoint de nouvelles techniques de peche et de nouvelles technologies d'aide a la peche, telles que les dispositifs de concentration de poissons (DCP). L'accroissement de la puissance individuelle des navires est du au developpement de la construction navale (mecanisation, propulsion, hydraulique, conservation et traitement a borda) et a l'utilisation d'une gamme diversifiee d'aides a la peche : navigation, telecommunication, localisation des zones favorables, detection visuelle ou radiometrique assistee par equipement a bord, en helicoptere et avion, detection acoustique, detection par radar de bord, radar-avion ou, a terme, antenne SAR sur satellite. Plus recemment, soit depuis 20 ans, les caracteristiques du comportement, migration de court terme, agregation et concentration des poissons pelagiques, fixation et retention des bancs de thons, sont utilisees, par les dispositifs de concentration de poissons (DCP) ancres ou derivants. Cette contribution a pour objectif de situer et placer les DCP fixes ou derivants sur cet ensemble de techniques d'aide a la peche thoniere. Les donnees pour cet essai de classement sont d'ordres biologique, ethologique et comportementaux (amplitude de deplacement des thons et dimension de la sphere d'attraction d'un DCP) et d'ordres environnemental et oceanographique : masse d'eau concernee par un DCP dans une large veine de courant oceanique ou cotier. On tente de quantifier et d'ordonner les surfaces et les volumes prospectes par les thoniers et particulierement les volumes et masses d'eau exploites par les thoniers utilisant des DCP. Ce classement des DCP dans la serie des dispositifs d'aide a la peche thoniere facilitera l'appreciation de leur contribution a l'augmentation des puissances de peche des thoniers.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15297/12656.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15297/

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
In the foreground are children playing on a concrete pier near a docked sail boat, while a man sun bathes on the diving deck. In the distance, on Doctor's Cave Beach, are sea bathers. The beach is covered with multiple umbrellas and beach chairs. In the ocean are many swimmers with various forms of floatation devices. This beach is located in Montego Bay, Saint, Jamaica. Slide labeled Montego Bay Beach.
Jamaica -- Caribbean region -- Montego Bay, Saint James

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00031048/00001

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
Saint Thomas (V.I.)
Caribbean

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La mer des Caraïbes est un espace emblématique de la croisière. Au-delà de la réputation mondiale de ses destinations, des cartes postales qui vantent les charmes de la région, l’analyse de l’industrie de la croisière permet de souligner certaines limites et contradictions des modalités de développement actuelles. Le produit « croisière » a considérablement évolué : désormais c’est le paquebot en lui-même (temple de la consommation et enclave flottante) qui est devenu la destination du croisiériste. Ouverture au tourisme de masse, gigantisme des bateaux, rationalisation et optimisation des coûts dans le cadre d’un marché de plus en plus globalisé et capitalistique sont autant de données qui doivent être analysées pour comprendre l’évolution récente de la croisière et les défis renouvelés pour les territoires d’accueil.
The Caribbean Sea is emblematic of the cruise, it is known for its international routes, scenic postcards touting the charms of the region. The analysis of the cruise industry will highlight some limits and contradictions of current development patterns. The product "cruise" has evolved considerably. It’s now the cruise ship itself (temple of consumption and enclave floating) that became the object of the Cruise, the “Destination” of the cruise line.The cruise is part of mass tourism. It’s characterized by its huge boats, rationalization and cost optimization in the context of a market increasingly globalized capital. All data that must be analyzed to understand recent developments in the cruise and repeated challenges to the host territories.
El Mar Caribe es un emblema de la travesía. Esta conocido por sus rutas internacionales, postales escénicas explicando en detalle los encantos de la región. El análisis de la industria de los cruceros pondrán de relieve algunos límites y contradicciones de los patrones actuales de desarrollo. El producto "crucero" ha evolucionado considerablemente. Ahora es el crucero en sí (el templo del consumo y el enclave flotante) que se convirtió en el objeto del Crucero, el Destino "de la línea de cruceros. El crucero es parte del turismo de masas. Se caracteriza por sus grandes barcos, la racionalización y optimización de costes en el contexto de un mercado de capitales cada vez más globalizado. Todos los datos que se deben analizar para comprender la evolución reciente en el crucero y constantes desafíos a los territorios de acogida.
Caraïbes

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.3843
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/3843

Éditeur(s) : Salem : The Observer Office
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Collectivité territoriale de Guyane. Bibliothèque Alexandre-Franconie
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FRA11086
FRA11086

Éditeur(s) : [S.l.] : Murray
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 15
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/HASH2cabbb39c250663de04713
HASH2cabbb39c250663de04713

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : We studied the effects of a lactic acid bacterium, Pediococcus acidilactici (strain MA 18/5M, CNCM), as a dietary probiotic on growth performance and some nutritional and microbiological aspects of the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris. Experimental shrimp culture was carried out over 10 weeks, using floating cages of 14 m(2) each set in earthen ponds, in a New Caledonia farm affected by "Summer syndrome", a septicaemic vibriosis caused by Vibrio nigripulchritudo. The experiment design testing probiotic-coated pellets against control was replicated in two earthen ponds. High mortalities, characteristic of Summer syndrome, were observed during the first 2 weeks of the trial. The probiotic improved production in the treated cages from both ponds with increases in the survival rate (7% and 15% respectively) and final biomass (8% and 12% respectively). No differences were recorded among treatments on growth performances, but significant lower food conversion ratios were obtained with probiotic treatment. After 5 weeks of rearing, the Hepatosomatic Index and the adjusted dry weight of the digestive gland were significantly increased by 10% and by 9% respectively in shrimps treated with probiotic. In the meantime, the specific activities of alpha amylase and trypsin in the digestive gland showed a significant effect of the probiotic treatment with respective increases by 35% and 55%. The rise in total trypsin activity following morning feeding was also enhanced by the probiotic treatment (P < 0.001). The highest concentration of probiotic (between 10(4)-10(5) CFU g(-1) of fresh gut) in the shrimp gut was obtained 2 h after feeding. The concentration remained high for 4 h after feeding before decreasing until the next meal. Total bacterial counts on Marine agar and TCBS in the gut were significantly lowered by the probiotic treatment over the 10 weeks of the experiment. Additionally, during the first 2 weeks, prevalence and load of V nigripulchritudo strains in haemolymph was lower in animals fed with the probiotic diet. This study demonstrated, under pond conditions, that feeding shrimp with live terrestrial lactic acid bacteria can be an effective treatment for improving shrimp culture affected by vibriosis. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2008-03 , Vol. 275 , N. 1-4 , P. 182-193

Droits : 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4079.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.01.011
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4079/

Éditeur(s) : Université Paris 6
Résumé : The aggregative behaviour of the dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is studied in order to improve our knowledge of the mechanism involved in the association of this species with the floating objects and to evaluate its potential impact in term of exploitation, targeted or not. This PhD thesis is composed of four chapters. Through an extensive analyze of the literature, the first chapter takes stock of the present knowledge on the FADs, on the aggregative behaviour of pelagic fish and on the dolphinfish. The second chapter deals specifically with the aggregative behaviour of the dolphinfish by the way of acoustic tagging of fish carry out during offshore campaigns around drifting FADs. The feeding habits of the dolphinfish around FADs are the main purpose of the third chapter. It is studied by the way of two complementary methods : stomach contains analysis of dolphinfish aggregated around several types of floating objects and underwater inventory of the marine fauna under these floating objects. Finally, the fourth and last chapter sums all the results and suggests a theory to explain the aggregative behaviour of the dolphinfish. We also try to estimate the possible consequences of this behaviour on the abundance and on the distribution of this species on a larger scale.
Le comportement agrégatif de la dorade coryphène (Coryphaena hippurus) est étudié dans le but de mieux comprendre le déterminisme de l'association de cette espèce avec les objets flottants et d'en évaluer les impacts potentiels en terme de sensibilité à l'exploitation halieutique, qu'elle soit ciblée ou non. Ce mémoire de thèse est organisé en quatre chapitres. A travers une analyse approfondie de la bibliographie, le premier chapitre présente un bilan des connaissances actuelles sur les DCP, l'agrégation des poissons pélagiques et la dorade coryphène. Le second chapitre traite plus spécifiquement du comportement agrégatif de la dorade coryphène. Il a été abordé à l'aide de marquages électroniques réalisés au cours de campagnes hauturières autour de DCP dérivants. Le comportement trophique de la dorade coryphène fait l'objet du troisième chapitre. Il est abordé par l'utilisation conjointe de deux méthodes d'investigation : l'analyse des contenus stomacaux de dorades coryphènes agrégées sous divers types d'objets flottants et la réalisation d'inventaires faunistiques sous-marins autour de ces objets flottants. Enfin, le quatrième et dernier chapitre synthétise l'ensemble des résultats obtenus, propose une théorie du comportement agrégatif de la dorade coryphène et tente d'évaluer les conséquences possibles de ce comportement sur la distribution et l'abondance de l'espèce à grande échelle.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/these-323.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/323/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : A comprehensive analysis of velocity data from subsurface floats in the northwestern tropical Atlantic at two depth layers is presented: one representing the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW, pressure range 600-1050dbar), the other the upper North Atlantic Deep Water (uNADW, pressure range 1200-2050dbar). New data from three independent research programs are combined with previously available data to achieve blanket coverage in space for the AAIW layer, while coverage in the uNADW remains more intermittent. Results from the AAIW` mainly confirm previous studies on the mean flow, namely the equatorial zonal and the boundary currents, but clarify details on pathways, mostly by virtue of the spatial data coverage that sets float observations apart from e.g. shipborne or mooring observations. Mean transports in each of five zonal equatorial current bands is found to be between 2.7 and 4.5 Sv. Pathways carrying AAIW northward beyond the North Brazil Undercurrent are clearly visible in the mean velocity field, in particular a northward transport of 3.7Sv across 16 degrees N between the Antilles islands and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. New maps of Lagrangian eddy kinetic energy and integral time scales are presented to quantify mesoscale activity. For the uNADW, mean flow and mesoscale properties are discussed as data availability allows. Trajectories in the uNADW east of the Lesser Antilles reveal interactions between the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) and the basin interior, which can explain recent hydrographic observations of changes in composition of DWBC water along its southward flow. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers (0967-0637) (Elsevier), 2009-10 , Vol. 56 , N. 10 , P. 1615-1632

Droits : 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6815.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.dsr.2009.06.002
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6815/

Éditeur(s) : London : T. Fisher Unwin
Extrait de : The south American series
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Archives territoriales de Guyane
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/GAD12011
GAD12011

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999 15-19 octobre 1999
Résumé : Since the early 1990s, drifting Fish Aggregating Devices, or FADs, have rapidly become the dominant type of floating object used by the purse seine fishery in the Eastern Pacific Ocean to capture tunas. The development of this fishery for larger vessels is described using data collected by observers aboard vessels of more than 363 metric tons fish-carrying capacity. Bamboo rafts, equipped with radio-transmitters that allow for semi-continuous monitoring, are typically used as FADs. Old purse seine netting is often suspended below the bamboo raft to give the FAD an enhanced underwater profile. Similar to the fishery on flotsam between 1992-1998, most sets on FADs were made before 8 am, with skipjack and bigeye being the dominant tuna species caught, and yellowfin tuna captured in lesser amounts. Discard ratios of skipjack and bigeye were comparable for the two modes of fishing; however, the success rate on FADs for bigeye was more than twice that on non-FAD floating objects ("logs"). In addition, the fishery on logs was largely a coastal hshery, while the fishery on FADs extended west to 150 W, into areas that had not been significantly utilized by the purse seine fleet. The capture of tunas per set varied most with area, season and year. Nonetheless, capture per set for at least one of the three tuna species was also found to vary with the depth of the purse seine net and the amount of the netting hanging below the FAD. The effect of net depth and FAD depth on tuna capture varied by area, season and FAD color.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15282/12668.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15282/

Éditeur(s) : New York : C. T. Dillingham Boston : Lee and Shepard
Description : Immersion in the history, culture and way of life of the Caribs of the amazing Lesser Antilles.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Ville de Pointe-à-Pitre. Réseau des bibliothèques
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/PAP11013
PAP11013

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We have measured simultaneously the methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) surface concentrations and water–air fluxes by floating chambers (FC) in the Petit-Saut Reservoir (French Guiana) and its tidal river (Sinnamary River) downstream of the dam, during the two field experiments in wet (May 2003) and dry season (December 2003). The eddy covariance (EC) technique was also used for CO2 fluxes on the lake. The comparison of fluxes obtained by FC and EC showed little discrepancies mainly due to differences in measurements durations which resulted in different average wind speeds. When comparing the gas transfer velocity (k600) for a given wind speed, both methods gave similar results. On the lake and excluding rainy events, we obtained an exponential relationship between k600 and U10, with a significant intercept at 1.7 cm h− 1, probably due to thermal effects. Gas transfer velocity was also positively related to rainfall rates reaching 26.5 cm h−1 for a rainfall rate of 36 mm h− 1. During a 24-h experiment in dry season, rainfall accounted for as much as 25% of the k600. In the river downstream of the dam, k600 values were 3 to 4 times higher than on the lake, and followed a linear relationship with U10.
ISSN: 0924-7963

hal-00519502
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00519502
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.03.019

Éditeur(s) : London : William Kidd
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Archives départementales de Guadeloupe
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/ADG17046
ADG17046

Éditeur(s) : New York : Francis P. Harper London : Gibbings
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 17
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Communauté d'agglomération de La Rochelle. Médiathèque Michel-Crépeau
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/MMC16037
MMC16037

Éditeur(s) : London : Saunders and Otley
Description : Découverte en 1493 par Christophe Colomb, l'île d'Antigua située dans les Petites Antilles sera baptisée ainsi en l'honneur de l'église de Santa Maria la Antigua de Séville. Elle sera plus tard colonisée par les Britanniques en 1632...
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Ville de Pointe-à-Pitre. Réseau des bibliothèques
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/PAP11082
PAP11082

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background: The evaluation of geographical healthcare accessibility in residential areas provides crucial information to public policy. Traditional methods - such as Physician Population Ratios (PPR) or shortest travel time - offer only a one-dimensional view of accessibility. This paper developed an improved indicator: the Index of Spatial Accessibility (ISA) to measure geographical healthcare accessibility at the smallest available infra-urban level, that is, the Ilot Regroupe pour des Indicateurs Statistiques. Methods: This study was carried out in the department of Nord, France. Healthcare professionals are geolocalized using postal addresses available on the French state health insurance website. ISA is derived from an Enhanced Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (E2FCA). We have constructed a catchment for each healthcare provider, by taking into account residential building centroids, car travel time as calculated by Google Maps and the edge effect. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) were used to build a composite ISA to describe the global accessibility of different kinds of health professionals. Results: We applied our method to studying geographical healthcare accessibility for pregnant women, by selecting three types of healthcare provider: general practitioners, gynecologists and midwives. A total of 3587 healthcare providers are potentially able to provide care for inhabitants of the department of Nord. On average there are 92 general practitioners, 22 midwives and 21 gynecologists per 100,000 residents. The composite ISA for the three types of healthcare provider is 39 per 100,000 residents. A comparative analysis between ISA and physician-population ratios indicates that ISA represents a more even distribution whereas the physician-population ratios show an 'all-or-nothing' approach. Conclusion: ISA is a multidimensional and improved measure, which combines the volume of services relative to population size with the proximity of services relative to the population's location, available at the smallest feasible geographical scale. It could guide policy makers towards highlighting critical areas in need of more healthcare providers, and these areas should be earmarked for further knowledge-based policy making.
ISSN: 1475-9276

hal-01359567
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01359567
DOI : 10.1186/s12939-016-0411-z
PUBMED : 27485740