Éditeur(s) : Blackwell science
Résumé : A study was conducted to evaluate variations of digestive enzyme activities in Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) reared in commercial ponds under semi-intensive conditions. Shrimp were collected at each body weight increase of 2 g. As the shrimp grew (2-12 g), significant increases in the activities of lipase and chymotrypsin were observed. The total protease activity decreased from 6 g onwards. Trypsin activity showed a peak at 6 g and amylase activity increased two-fold after 2 g. Additionally, the stomach contents were analysed microscopically for shrimp between 2 and 10 g. Plant matter contributed above 30% of the total stomach content in 6-, 8- and 10-g shrimp. Detritus represented 58% and 62% of the total stomach content in 2- and 4-g shrimp, respectively, decreasing to 33-43% at greater shrimp weights. Artificial feed showed a maximum contribution of 20% in 6-g shrimp. The present results show changes in the enzyme activity after the shrimp reach 6 g in body weight, evidenced by a decrease in total protease and an increase in lipase and amylase activities. The amylase/protease ratio was 2.6 in 2-g shrimp and increased steadily to 9.6 in 12-g shrimp. These findings suggest an adaptation of the enzymatic activity to diets with lower protein content as body weight increases, and may be related to the variation of the different items found in the stomach.
Aquaculture Research (1355-557X) (Blackwell science), 2003-12 , Vol. 34 , N. 15 , P. 1403-1411

Droits : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/publication-902.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2003.00959.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/902/

Éditeur(s) : ISTPM
Résumé : This paper is a study of the feeding ecology of Macrouridae. After Data on their taxonomy and on the stomach contents, the author gives the results obtained: coefficient of vacuity, indication of a prey frequency, percentage in number and in weight, the mean number of prey per stomach, the mean weight of the prey, the alimentary coefficient of a prey. The diet of every species of Macrouridae and the characteristics of feeding in these species are described. He concludes with considerations on the Macrouridae in the ocean and their geographical distribution, and on the deep feeding chain, especially the trophic role of different groups of preys. It is thought that, in the Macrouridae, the alimentary diet is little specialized, and based on benthic and pelagic preys and a tendency to microphagy which can be considered an adaptation to a deep life. Feeding helps determine the area that the fish inhabits at great depths, particularly their vertical distribution which seems to be in direct relation with feeding ecology.
Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes (0035-2276) (ISTPM), 1978-09 , Vol. 42 , N. 3 , P. 177-261

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1978/publication-1957.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1957/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
This study describes the structure of the digestive gland of Strombus gigas in individuals from Guadeloupe and discusses the function of its cell types and their relationship with intracellular Apicomplexa-like parasites. Three cellular types were found in the epithelium of the blind-ending tubules of the digestive gland according to histological and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations; these were: digestive cells, pyramidal crypt cells and vacuolated cells. Columnar digestive cells were characterized by large Alcian blue-positive granules, which have not been previously described in digestive cells of other caenogastropods. Such granules contain large quantities of proteoglycans that are exported to the stomach through the physiological destruction of the digestive cells, which undergo a holocrine secretion. Their cytoplasm appears vacuolar due to lipid extraction by solvents used for tissue preparation. Vacuolated cells also appear to be lipid-storage cells. Small triangular-shaped crypt cells, on the other hand, appear to be metabolically active as suggested by a strong positive in situ hybridization of eukaryotic ribosomes, which was confirmed by their large content of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum compared to the other cell types. These observations suggest that crypt cells may be immature cells that are involved in the replacement of eliminated digestive cells. However, their spherocrystal inclusions indicate that they may be excretory cells or calcium cells. Large brown inclusions were frequently observed in vacuolated cells; these were identified as parasitic protozoans and were present in the digestive gland of all sampled specimens. These protozoans have previously been described from a queen conch population in the San Andres Archipelago (Colombia). Several life cycle stages of the parasite were identified by scanning electron microscopy and TEM; trophozoites were characterized by their conoid-like structure, sporocysts by their thick walls, and gamonts by their thin walls. These observations suggest that this parasite completes its entire life cycle within the same host and type of tissue. Although previous investigations place this parasite within the Apicomplexa group, further investigations are necessary in order to confirm the identification of the parasite.
ISSN: 0260-1230

hal-00755287
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00755287
DOI : 10.1093/mollus/eyn041

Éditeur(s) : Actes de colloques. Ifremer Brest [ACTES COLLOQ. IFREMER.]. 1992
Résumé : The specific analysis of preys allows to determine the composition of cuttlefishes alimentary diet in natural conditions. This analysis based on exploitation of stomachal contents shows a majority of Fishes and Brachyura Crustaceans consumed. The alimentary diet with a Fish dominance in winter area (off Belle-Ille island) becomes a Crustacea dominance when adult cuttlefishes come in Morbihan Bay, in March, for reproduction. As for newly-born, they eat exclusively Crustacean Amphipoda and Macrura.
L'analyse spécifique des proies permet de déterminer la composition du régime alimentaire des seiches en milieu naturel. Cette analyse basée sur l'exploitation des contenus stomacaux montre une consommation majoritaire de Poissons et de Crustacés Brachyoures. Le régime alimentaire à dominance Poisson en zone d'hivernage (large de Belle-Ille) devient à dominance Crustacé lorsque les seiches adultes entrent dans le Golfe du Morbihan, en mars, pour s'y reproduire. Par contre, les nouveau-nés se nourrissent exclusivement de Crustacés Amphipodes et Macroures

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1992/acte-928.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/928/

Éditeur(s) : EDP Sciences
Résumé : Twelve diel surveys were carried out in three reservoirs of Sri Lanka viz. Minneriya, Udawalawe and Victoria, to investigate diel feeding patterns, daily ration and relative food consumption in fish populations. Stomach content weights of different size classes of various fish species in the three reservoirs in 12 diel surveys were analysed using an iterative method, MAXIMS. Predominantly herbivorous or detritivorous fish species such as Amblypharyngodon melettinus and Oreochromis niloticus exhibited one peak in the diel feeding pattern. Two peak feeding periods were evident in predominantly insectivores and/or zooplanktivores (e. g., Puntius chola and Rasbora daniconius) and interestingly in macrophyte feeders (i.e., Etroplus suratensis, Puntius filamentosus and Tilapia rendalli). It might be possible that all species with two feeding peaks in diel feeding patterns rely on vision for feeding. Food consumption per biomass (Q/B ratio) defined as amount of food consumed per unit weight of an age-structured population of fish was estimated on the basis of the average quantities of food consumed over a long period of time by various size classes in order to minimize the bias of estimates.
Douze séries d'échantillonnage ont été effectuées dans trois lacs-réservoirs du Sri Lanka : Minneriya, Udawalawe et Victoria, afin d'étudier le modèle journalier d'alimentation, les rations journalières et à la consommation relative des populations de poissons. Les poids des contenus stomacaux de différentes classes de taille ont ainsi été analysés en utilisant une méthode itérative, MAXIMS. Les espèces herbivores ou détritivores telles que Amblypharyngodon melettinus et Oreochromis niloticus montrent un pic dans l'activité de nutrition. Tandis que les espèces détrivores et/ou zooplanctivores en présentent deux (ex., Puntius chola et Rasbora daniconius) de même que des espèces se nourrissant de macrophytes (ex., Etroplus suratensis, Puntius filamentosus et Tilapia rendalli). Il est possible que la vision joue un rôle chez ces espèces présentant deux pics journaliers d'alimentation. La consommation de nourriture par rapport à la biomasse (le rapport Q/B) est défini comme la quantité d'aliment consommé par unité de poids d'une population de poissons structurée en âge, sur la base de quantités moyennes de nourriture consommée sur une longue période de temps et par diverses classes de taille, afin de minimiser les biais dans les estimations.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (EDP Sciences), 2006-07 , Vol. 19 , N. 3 , P. 229-237

Droits : 2006 EDP
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-2134.pdf
DOI:10.1051/alr:2006023
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2134/

Éditeur(s) : Blackwell science
Résumé : The trophic level mean and variance, and the degree of omnivory for five Celtic Sea fish predators were estimated using a database of stomach content records characterized by a high level of taxonomic resolution. The predators occupied a high position in the food web, i.e. 4.75 for Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, 444 for haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, 4.88 for European hake Merluccius merluccius, 5.00 for megrim Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis and 5.27 for whiting Merlangius merlangus. The level of taxonomic resolution of the prey did not greatly affect mean T-L predator values; an effect on variance was evident, low resolution masking intra-population variability in T-L. Generalized additive models (GAM) were used to explain the variability of predator T-L caused by environmental variables (international Council for the Exploration of the Sea, ICES, division and season) and predator characteristics (total length, L-T). Significant year, location season and interaction effects were found for some species and with L-T, at the scale of ICES subdivision. The species-specific variability of T-L could be due to spatio-temporal variations in prey availability and in predator selectivity following ontogenetic changes. Omnivorous fish T-L. was less affected by spatio-temporal variations. In addition, results showed that the omnivory index and T-L variability provide dissimilar information on predator feeding strategy. Combining information on T-L. variability and omnivory allowed between within individual and between-individual components contributing to trophic niche width to be separated and the type of generalization of fish predators to be identified. (c) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2008 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.
Journal of Fish Biology (0022-1112) (Blackwell science), 2008-09 , Vol. 73 , N. 4 , P. 763-781

Droits : 2008 Wiley Blackwell Publishing, Inc. The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4699.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01938.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4699/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press
Résumé : International audience
Background: Most of the 29 Siganidae species are widely distributed through the Indo-Pacific area. In New Caledonia, these family was represented by 12 species. The present report is the first record of Siganus randalli in New Caledonian waters and provide information on its diet. Methods: Three specimens of Siganus randalli were caught in shallow mangrove waters of the southern part of New Caledonia. Their stomach contents and isotopic signatures (carbon and nitrogen) were analyzed and compared to others siganids species. Results and conclusion: This note provides the most southerly record of the rabbitfish Siganus randalli, which extends its distribution range by 1200 km southward and 1300 km southwest. The data on its diet, when compared with other co-occurring or more reef-associated siganid species, provide information on feeding processes and ecological functions associated with its mangrove habitat.
EISSN: 1755-2672

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01369012
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01369012
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01369012/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01369012/file/art_10.1186_s41200-016-0082-x.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/s41200-016-0082-x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : In Suriname, Saramaka (descendants from fugitives slaves of the XVIIth century) still have a widely used traditional pharmacopoeia. The Bitter-cup is a good example because of the place it keeps on the Paramaribo's markets stands. We conducted an ethnopharmacological study in order to detail its uses: rum or water left to macerate in the cup overnight, the content is drunk straight in the morning either as a tonic, stomachic, febrifuge or antimalarial remedy. In order to close the controversy about its botanical origin, we proceeded to an anatomical study of woods and cups found at the market. Chemicals fingerprints by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were simultaneously established. The two methods, complementary, allowed us to identify Quassia amara L. as cups source. In vitro assays of the macerates on Plasmodium falciparum did not show any antimalarial activity, while some fractions, obtained by semi-preparative HPLC, did show a high activity against parasites.
Les Saramaka du Suriname, descendants d'esclaves échappés des plantations au XVIIème siècle, ont une pharmacopée traditionnelle encore vive. Le Bitter-cup, ou " gobelet amer ", en est un exemple puisqu'il garde encore sa place sur les étals des marchés de Paramaribo. Nous avons mené une enquête ethnopharmacologique afin de détailler ses usages : mis à macérer pendant une nuit avec du rhum ou de l'eau, le contenu est bu d'un trait au matin comme tonique amer, stomachique, fébrifuge ou encore antimalarique. Pour mettre fin aux controverses que suscite sa provenance botanique, nous avons procédé à une étude anatomique du bois et des gobelets provenant du marché, ainsi qu'à l'établissement de signatures chimiques par Chromatographie Liquide Haute Performance (CLHP). Ces deux méthodes complémentaires nous ont permis d'identifier Quassia amara L. comme source des gobelets. Des tests in vitro sur Plasmodium falciparum n'ont pas confirmé l'activité antipaludique, mais après un fractionnement bioguidé par CLHP semi-préparative, certaines fractions se montrent très performantes contre les parasites.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00636165

tel-00636165
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00636165
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00636165/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00636165/file/thesePharma_Odonne.PDF