Manioc : Portail | resultats 1 - 20 pour la recherche: Ian Dunn

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Landes Bioscience
Résumé : International audience
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Autophagy

hal-00735751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735751
PUBMED : 22966490

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Géographie complète et universelle : illustrée de 50 gravures, 8 cartes, 5 planches et du portrait de l'auteur. Tome septième
Auteur(s) : Malte-Brun, Conrad (1775-1826)
Auteurs secondaires : Malte-Brun, Victor-Adolphe (1816-1889)
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Pièces justificatives du Rapport sur les troubles de Saint-Domingue, fait au nom du Comité colonial : Procès-verbaux, arrêtés, proclamations, etc. de l'Assemblée coloniale de la partie françoise de Saint-Domingue
Auteur(s) : France. Assemblée nationale législative (1791-1792)
Auteurs secondaires : Tarbé, Charles (1756-1804)
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Géographie complète et universelle : illustrée de 50 gravures, 8 cartes, 5 planches et du portrait de l'auteur. Tome deuxième
Auteur(s) : Malte-Brun, Conrad (1775-1826)
Auteurs secondaires : Malte-Brun, Victor-Adolphe (1816-1889)
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Recueil de législation, de doctrine et de jurisprudence coloniales. Tome 39
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Voyages de François Coreal aux Indes occidentales, contenant ce qu'il y a vû de plus remarquable pendant son séjour depuis 1666 jusqu'en 1697 : traduits de l'espagnol : avec une relation de la Guiane de Walter Raleigh, & le voyage de Narbrough à la mer du sud par le détroit de Magellan, &c. : nouvelle édition revûë, corrigée, & augmentée d'une nouvelle Découverte des Indes méridionales & des terres australes, enrichie de figures. Tome premier
Auteur(s) : Coreal, Francisco (1648-1708)
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