Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : The natural 15N abundance method for estimating symbiotic biological N2-fixation was tested on legume trees from two rain forests on contrasting soils (oxisols and spodosols) in French Guiana. When possible, the significance of N2-fixing species in the plant community was evaluated in terms of density, biomass and contribution of N2-fixation to the building up of the total nitrogen mass in the leaves. Of the two sites, the rain forest on spodosols was the less favourable for application of the [delta]15N method: the available soil nitrogen was isotopically similar to fixed-N2. Hence, the results showed that a reliable estimate of N2-fixation could not be obtained. A substantial contribution of fixed-N2 to the nitrogen nutrition of legumes was found on oxisols, with an average value of 54 % Ndfa (Nitrogen derived from the atmosphere). The contribution of the N2-fixing legumes to the biomass of the stand was estimated to be 2 t ha[minus sign]1 for the leaf biomass and 136 t ha[minus sign]1 for the total above-ground plant biomass. With 7.5 % of trees in the stand able to fix N2 (462 out of 6156), N2-fixation was estimated to be 7 kg ha[minus sign]1 y[minus sign]1. These results are the first use of the [delta]15N method to estimate nitrogen input by N2-fixing legumes to a natural rain forest. The inter-site variability observed in the [delta]15N of the non-fixing plants suggested different nitrogen-cycling processes in the two soils. The [delta]15N of the non-N2-fixing plants could be related to the soil nitrogen availability and be used as an indicator of efficient or non-efficient nitrogen-cycling rain forests. The spatial variability of the [delta]15N in the plant-available soil nitrogen pool and the nitrogen balance in tropical rain forests are discussed.
ISSN: 0266-4674

hal-01032201
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032201
DOI : 10.1017/S0266467499000644

Éditeur(s) : London : T. Fisher Unwin
Extrait de : The south American series
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Archives territoriales de Guyane
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/GAD12011
GAD12011

Date de création : 1870-01-01

Éditeur(s) : London : Bell & Daldy
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Collectivité territoriale de Guyane. Bibliothèque Alexandre-Franconie
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FRA11002
FRA11002

Éditeur(s) : Londres : John Stockolale
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 18
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Archives départementales de Guadeloupe
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/ADG17064
ADG17064

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé :  
Genetic variation for intrinsic water use efficiency (W i) and related traits was estimated in a full-sib family of Quercus robur L. over 3 years. The genetic linkage map available for this F1 family was used to locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) for W i, as estimated by leaf carbon stable isotope composition (δ 13C) or the ratio of net CO2 assimilation rate (A) to stomatal conductance to water vapour (g w) and related leaf traits. Gas exchange measurements were used to standardize estimates of A and g w and to model the sensitivity of g w to leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit (sgVPD). δ 13C varied by more than 3‰ among the siblings, which is equivalent to 40% variation of W i. Most of the studied traits exhibited high clonal mean repeatabilities (>50%; proportion of clonal mean variability in global variance). Repeatabilities for δ 13C, leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf nitrogen content were higher than 70%. For δ 13C, ten QTLs were detected, one of which was detected repeatedly for all 3 years and consistently explained more than 20% of measured variance. Four genomic regions were found in which co-localizing traits linked variation in W i to variations in leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen content, LMA and sgVPD. A positive correlation using clonal means between δ 13C and A/g w, as well as a co-localisation of QTL detected for both traits, can be seen as validation of the theoretical model linking the genetic architecture of these two traits.
ISSN: 1614-2942

hal-01032066
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032066
DOI : 10.1007/s11295-007-0107-z

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD CSIRO Publishing
Résumé :  
Leaf traits of tropical tree species display an important inter-specific diversity, as detected for instance in the large range of values of leaf mass : area ratio (LMA). They also demonstrate a large irradiance-elicited plasticity, but there is still debate whether this plasticity differs among species. To address this question, leaf traits were recorded on saplings from 12 rainforest tree species in French Guiana, grown under approximately 5, 10 and 20% relative irradiance. Fifteen structural and physiological leaf traits related to photosynthesis were measured. The irradiance-elicited plasticity was quantified using a relative distance plasticity index. A large inter-specific diversity was detected for all leaf traits. A principal component analysis opposed species with a large mass-based photosynthesis, respiration, N content and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, to species with a large leaf mass : area ratio, LMA. The two pioneer species used in this study displayed the largest photosynthetic capacity (and lowest LMA) and ranked at one end of the species continuum. Relative irradiance affected almost all traits with the exception of mass-based photosynthesis.Aweak interaction was found between species and relative irradiance and the species ranking was maintained among relative irradiance treatments for the majority of the traits. A principal component analysis of the values of relative-distance plasticity index failed to reveal any consistent patterns of traits or species.Weconcluded that irradiance-elicited plasticity of leaf traits was similar among species irrespective ofLMA and successional status, despite the occurrence of a large inter-specific diversity for the investigated traits
ISSN: 1445-4408

hal-01032129
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032129
DOI : 10.1071/FP09119

Éditeur(s) : Actes Symposium, Bordeaux, France, 8-14 septembre 1981, pp 389-395
Résumé : Estimations of algal growth potential (AGP) of oyster-pond waters have been made by the use of bioassays and nutrient analysis. Data obtained demonstrated that nitrogen is the nutrient Iimiting AGP and that an important part of algal biomass is supported by organic nutrients. Such an uptake ranges from 0.6 to 30.7 µg-at.I-1 nitrogen ; which represents up to six times the total amount of inorganic nitrogen taken up. U.V oxydation and subsequent chemical analysis shown DON concentrations in oyster-pond waters varied with oyster presence or absence: values recorded were 10-40 µg-at N.I-1 when oysters were not present, and up to 50-60 µg-at N.I-1 when oysters were covering the bottom of the pond. The oyster Crassostrea gigas was demonstrated to excrete 77-93 % DON, versus 10-33 % N-NH4; urea excretion often represented three folds the NH4 excretion. The capability to take up organic nutrients varies with algal species ; the diatom Navicula ostrearia appeared to be the most efficient one.
L'utilisation de tests biologiques dans l'étude de la fertilité des eaux de claires ainsi que l'analyse chimique des réserves en sels nutritifs des mêmes eaux montrent qu'une part importante de la biomasse micro-algale peut être produite dans ces bassins, par assimilation par les cellules de substances organiques dissoutes. Ainsi, pour l'azote, des estimations indirectes aboutissent à des quantités de cet élément assimilé sous forme organique variant entre 0,6 et 30,7 µg-at.I-1 selon les modes d'évaluation, les espèces et l'origine des eaux, c'est-à-dire jusqu'à six fois les quantités d'ions minéraux prélevés par les algues. Ces valeurs sont tout à fait en concordance avec les teneurs en azote organique dissous effectivement présentes dans les eaux de claires: entre 10 et 40 µg-at.I-1 et jusqu'à 50 à 60 µg-at.I-1 dans les bassins où des huîtres sont immergées. On ne peut donc exclure une relation entre ces fortes valeurs en azote organique dissous et les huîtres. D'ailleurs, il est démontré que l'huître Crassostrea gigas peut excréter 77 à 93 % de rejets azotés sous forme organique, l'ammoniaque n'en représentant que 10 à 33 % et la quantité d'urée excrétée atteignant jusqu'à trois fois celle d'ammoniaque. L'utilisation de ces formes organiques de l'azote par les algues des claires varie avec les espèces; Navicula ostrearia semble être la mieux adaptée à ce type d'assimilation.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1981/acte-2946.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2946/

Éditeur(s) : London : J. Callow
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Archives départementales de Guadeloupe
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/ADG17111
ADG17111

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B - Oxford Open Option B
Résumé : Variability of leaf traits related to photosynthesis was assessed in seedlings from 14 tree species growing in the tropical rain forest of French Guiana. Leaf photosynthetic capacity (maximum rate of carboxylation and maximum rate of electron transport) was estimated by fitting a biochemical model of photosynthesis to response curves of net CO2 assimilation rate versus intercellular CO2 mole fraction. Leaf morphology described by leaf mass per unit leaf area (LMA), density and thickness, as well as area- and mass-based nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) concentrations, were recorded on the same leaves. Large interspecific variability was detected in photosynthetic capacity as well as in leaf structure and leaf N and C concentrations. No correlation was found between leaf thickness and density. The correlations between area- and massbased leaf N concentration and photosynthetic capacity were poor. Conversely, the species differed greatly in relativeNallocation to carboxylation and bioenergetics. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that, of the recorded traits, only the computed fraction of total leafNinvested in photosynthesis was tightly correlated to photosynthetic capacity.We also used PCAto test to what extent species with similar shade tolerances displayed converging leaf traits related to photosynthesis. No clear-cut ranking could be detected among the shade-tolerant groups, as confirmed by a one-way ANOVA.We conclude that the large interspecific diversity in photosynthetic capacity was mostly explained by differences in the relative allocation of N to photosynthesis and not by leafNconcentration, and that leaf traits related to photosynthetic capacity did not discriminate shade-tolerance ranking of these tropical tree species.
ISSN: 0829-318X

hal-01031522
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01031522

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Diploid budding yeast undergoes rapid mitosis when it ferments glucose, and in the presence of a non-fermentable carbon source and the absence of a nitrogen source it triggers sporulation. Rich medium with acetate is a commonly used pre-sporulation medium, but our understanding of the molecular events underlying the acetate-driven transition from mitosis to meiosis is still incomplete. We identified 263 proteins for which mRNA and protein synthesis are linked or uncoupled in fermenting and respiring cells. Using motif predictions, interaction data and RNA profiling we find among them 28 likely targets for Ume6, a subunit of the conserved Rpd3/Sin3 histone deacetylase-complex regulating genes involved in metabolism, stress response and meiosis. Finally, we identify 14 genes for which both RNA and proteins are detected exclusively in respiring cells but not in fermenting cells in our sample set, including CSM4, SPR1, SPS4 and RIM4, which were thought to be meiosis-specific. Our work reveals intertwined transcriptional and post-transcriptional control mechanisms acting when a MATa/α strain responds to nutritional signals, and provides molecular clues how the carbon source primes yeast cells for entering meiosis. Our integrated genomics study provides insight into the interplay between the transcriptome and the proteome in diploid yeast cells undergoing vegetative growth in the presence of glucose (fermentation) or acetate (respiration). Furthermore, it reveals novel target genes involved in these processes for Ume6, the DNA binding subunit of the conserved histone deacetylase Rpd3 and the co-repressor Sin3. We have combined data from an RNA profiling experiment using tiling arrays that cover the entire yeast genome, and a large-scale protein detection analysis based on mass spectrometry in diploid MATa/α cells. This distinguishes our study from most others in the field-which investigate haploid yeast strains-because only diploid cells can undergo meiotic development in the simultaneous absence of a non-fermentable carbon source and nitrogen. Indeed, we report molecular clues how respiration of acetate might prime diploid cells for efficient spore formation, a phenomenon that is well known but poorly understood.
ISSN: 1874-3919

hal-01122122
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122122
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122122/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122122/file/Integrated%20RNA-%20and%20protein%20profiling%20of%20fermentation.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.01.015

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé :  
Microbial-based indicators, such as C and N contents or microbial functions involved in C and N cycles, are currently used to describe the status of soils in disturbed areas. Microbial functions are more accurate indicators but their measurement for studies at the ecosystem level remains problematical because of the huge spatial variability of these processes and, consequently, of the large number of soil samples which must be analyzed. Our goal was to test the capacity of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict respiration and denitrification but also carbon and nitrogen contents of soils submitted to various procedures of restoration. To achieve this objective, we took advantage of an experiment conducted on a reforestation system established after open-cast gold mining in French Guiana. In this experimental station, plantations of various ages and various soil textures were at our disposal. Our results showed that both plantations and soil texture had a strong impact on the recovery of soil functioning: carbon and nitrogen contents, respiration and denitrification increased with age of plantation and clay content. Calibrations were performed between spectral data and microbial-based indicators using partial least squares regression (PLS). The results showed that C and N contents were accurately predicted. Microbial functions were less precisely predicted with results more accurate on clayey soils than on sandy soils. In clayey soils, perturbed or restored soils and the year of plantation were discriminated very efficiently through principal component analyses of spectral signatures (over 80% of variance explained on the first two axes). Near-infrared spectroscopy may thus be extended to the prediction of functional soil parameters, but the capacity of this method must be strengthened by expending the databases with other soils in other contexts. The possibility of using NIRS provides many opportunities for understanding both the temporal dynamics and the spatial variability of the recovery of key microbial functions during soil restoration.
ISSN: 0929-1393

hal-01032188
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032188
DOI : 10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.07.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Leaf dark respiration (R-dark) represents an important component controlling the carbon balance in tropical forests. Here, we test how nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) affect R-dark and its relationship with photosynthesis using three widely separated tropical forests which differ in soil fertility.R-dark was measured on 431 rainforest canopy trees, from 182 species, in French Guiana, Peru and Australia. The variation in R-dark was examined in relation to leaf N and P content, leaf structure and maximum photosynthetic rates at ambient and saturating atmospheric CO2 concentration.We found that the site with the lowest fertility (French Guiana) exhibited greater rates of R-dark per unit leaf N, P and photosynthesis. The data from Australia, for which there were no phylogenetic overlaps with the samples from the South American sites, yielded the most distinct relationships of R-dark with the measured leaf traits.Our data indicate that no single universal scaling relationship accounts for variation in R-dark across this large biogeographical space. Variability between sites in the absolute rates of R-dark and the R-dark : photosynthesis ratio were driven by variations in N- and P-use efficiency, which were related to both taxonomic and environmental variability.
ISSN: 0028-646X

hal-01559483
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01559483
DOI : 10.1111/nph.13992

Éditeur(s) : Lugdun. Batavorum : apud Franciscum Hackium Amsterdam : Elzevier
Résumé : "Titre gravé sur cuivre (f. *1) suivi du faux-titre imprimé (f. *2) : "Guilielmi Pisonis, M. D. Lugduno-Batavi, de medicina Brasiliensi libri quatuor: I. De aëre, aquis, & locis. II. De morbis endemiis. III. De venenatis & antidotis. IV. De facultatibus simplicium. Et Georgii Marcgravii de Liebstad, misnici germani, historiæ rerum naturalium Brasiliæ, libri octo: quorum tres priores agunt de plantis. Quartus de piscibus. Quintus de avibus. Sextus de quadrupedibus & serpentibus. Septimus de insectis. Octavus de ipsa regione, & illius incolis. Cum appendice de Tapuyis, et Chilensibus. Joannes de Laet, Antwerpianus, in ordinem digessit & annotationes addidit, & varia ab auctore omissa supplevit & illustravit". - La 2e partie est précédée du faux-titre : "Georgii Marcgravii de Liebstad, misnici germani, historiæ rerum naturalium Brasiliæ, libri octo: quorum tres priores agunt de plantis. Quartus de piscibus. Quintus de avibus. Sextus de quadrupedibus, et serpentibus. Septimus de insectis. Octavus de ipsa regione, & illius incolis. Cum appendice de Tapuyis, et Chilensibus. Joannes de Laet, Antwerpianus, in ordinem digessit & annotationes addidit multas, & varia ab auctore omissa supplevit & illustravit". - Épître dédicatoire au comte Maurice de Nassau Edition originale. - Frontispice gravé sur cuivre par Theodor Matham. - 436 bois dans le texte, d'après Georg Marcgrave et Albert Eckhout Imprimé à Leyde par Bonaventure et Abraham Elzevier, d'après Rahir. Sig. *6, A-P4, Q2 ; -4, A-Oo4, Pp2. - Demi reliure basane, 19e siècle. - Cachet de l'Académie royale de Bordeaux. - Cachet de la bibliothèque de la Ville de Bordeaux Borba de Moraes II, 675-6. - Garrison-Morton 5303. - Nissen BBI 1553. - Nissen IVB 589. - Rahir 1077. - Sabin 63028. - Willems 1068"
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 17
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Ville de Bordeaux. Bibliothèque municipale
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/BBX17010
BBX17010

Éditeur(s) : Washington : United States Bureau of the Census

Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Institut des Hautes Études de l'Amérique latine, Bibliothèque Pierre-Monbeig
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/IHE14009
IHE14009

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Sci Ltd
Résumé : The quantity and the source of organic matter preserved in the Recent turbiditic channel-levees systems around 4000 m-depth off the Congo River were determined using bulk geochemical approaches (Rock-Eval, elemental and isotopic analyses) as well as molecular and optical analyses on selected samples. These mud-rich sediments contain high amount of organic matter (3% Corg on average), the origin of which is a mixture of terrestrial higher-plant debris and deeply oxidized phytoplanktonic material. Although the relative contribution of continental source versus marine source of the organic matter cannot be precisely quantified, the continental fraction appears significant (at least 70-80%) especially for such depths and distances from the coast. The organic matter distribution appears very homogeneous at different scales, from the single turbiditic event to the entire levee, and changes in accumulation rates have a little impact on the quantity and quality of preserved organic matter. With a petroleum potential around 4.5 kg HC per t rock, the fine-grained turbiditic sediments in the Congo deep-sea system could be regarded as an analog of gas-prone source rocks for the deep offshore of the Atlantic margins. Finally, the Congo deep-sea turbiditic system is a major conveyor of organic carbon to the deep ocean. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficiency of such systems for the storage of continental organic matter into the deep ocean in relation to sea-level and climatic changes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Marine And Petroleum Geology (0264-8172) (Elsevier Sci Ltd), 2010-05 , Vol. 27 , N. 5 , P. 995-1010

Droits : 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00006/11700/9285.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.006
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00006/11700/

Éditeur(s) : [S.l.] : Lippincott
Résumé : A propos de l'éruption de la Montagne Pelée en 1902. Photographies
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/HASH0a691d818470fe033d61ec
HASH0a691d818470fe033d61ec

Éditeur(s) : Monachii ; Lipsiae : apud R. Oldenbourg in comm.
Extrait de : Flora brasiliensis : enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum quas suis aliorumque botanicorum studiis descriptas et methodo naturali digestas partim icone illustratas
Résumé : Édition : 1840-1906
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier. Service Commun de la Documentation
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/TLS17055
TLS17055

Éditeur(s) : Rome : Vitale Mascardi
Résumé : "Les 5 premières parties (vol. 1 et vol. 2) ont une pagination continue. Le traité de Hernandez, à la fin du volume 2, a seul une pagination spéciale. Frontispice gravé sur cuivre par Frédéric Greuter. - Nombreuses figures sur bois dans le texte de plantes, animaux et minéraux. - Reliure veau brun, dos à 6 nerfs, 17e siècle. - Cachet de la bibliothèque de la Ville de Bordeaux. Leclerc, 1154. - Palaü y Dulcet, 113 538. - Pritzel, 4000. - Sabin, 31516"
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 17
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Ville de Bordeaux. Bibliothèque municipale
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/BBX17011
BBX17011

Éditeur(s) : London : L. B. Seeley ans son
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Collectivité territoriale de Martinique. Bibliothèque Schoelcher
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/SCH13286
SCH13286