Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IWA Publishing
Résumé : International audience
UV spectrophotometry is largely used for water and wastewater quality monitoring. The measurement/estimation of specific and aggregate parameters such as nitrate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is possible with UV spectra exploitation, from 2 to multi wavelengths calibration. However, if nitrate determination from UV absorbance is known, major optical interferences linked to the presence of suspended solids, colloids or dissolved organic matter limit the relevance of UV measurement for DOC assessment. A new method based on UV spectrophotometric measurement of raw samples (without filtration) coupling a dual pathlength for spectra acquisition and the second derivative exploitation of the signal is proposed in this work. The determination of nitrate concentration is carried out from the second derivative of the absorbance at 226 nm corresponding at the inflexion point of nitrate signal decrease. A short optical pathlength can be used considering the strong absorption of nitrate ion around 210 nm. For DOC concentration determination the second derivative absorbance at 295 nm is proposed after nitrate correction. Organic matter absorbing slightly in the 270-330 nm window, a long optical pathlength must be selected in order to increase the sensitivity. The method was tested on several hundred of samples from small rivers of two agricultural watersheds located in Brittany, France, taken during dry and wet periods. The comparison between the proposed method and the standardised procedures for nitrate and DOC measurement gave a good adjustment for both parameters for ranges of 2-100 mg/L NO3 and 1 30 mg/L DOC. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 0043-1354

hal-01460742
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01460742
DOI : 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.010
PUBMED : 27838025

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : A coupled three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical model was developed in order to simulate the ecological functioning of the Rio de la Plata estuary and plume. The biogeochemical model reproduces the nitrogen cycle between five compartments: dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phytoplankton, zooplankton, detritus and dissolved organic nitrogen. The coupling is tested in seasonal climatological configurations and for the particular year 1999. The circulation is forced with Parana and Uruguay rivers discharges, NCEP wind and tide. The biogeochemical model includes loads of inorganic and organic nitrogen from both rivers. The model reproduces the correct tidal amplitudes in the estuary, as well as the most outstanding features of the observed horizontal and vertical structures of the salinity plume. Simulated surface chlorophyll a concentrations exhibit maximum values all year long seaward of the turbidity front, between the 0.5 and 15 isohalines, in agreement with SeaWiFS images of the area. The model simulates well the low primary production in the light-limited highly turbid tidal river (20 gC/m(2)/yr), the high production area in the frontal zone where it can reach 500 gC/m(2)/yr, and the nutrient-limited production in the outer estuary and inner shelf (300 gC/m(2)/yr), with realistic values in each case. According to the 1999 model simulation, the tidal river is the location of organic nitrogen remineralization with a consequent increase of the inorganic pool. At the entrance of the frontal zone, inorganic nitrogen represents about 75% of the whole nitrogen pool, it is reduced to 50% at its sea end-member. The outer estuary has the same sink role for inorganic nitrogen, suggesting that organic nitrogen is the major form exported to the shelf.
Continental Shelf Research (0278-4343) (Elsevier), 2005-03 , Vol. 25 , N. 5-6 , P. 629-653

Droits : 2004 Elsevier Ltd.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-334.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.csr.2004.10.003
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/334/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : The distribution and behaviour of nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, silicate and phosphate) have been examined over the course of a year in two major Scottish estuaries, the Forth and Tay. Maximum concentrations of nitrate and silicate in both estuaries occur in winter, when mixing is conservative. By contrast maximum phosphate, ammonia and nitrite concentrations (notably in the Forth) are observed in summer, these are related to lower oxygen concentrations both within the water column and sediments. Phosphate, ammonia and nitrite concentrations are high in the Forth relative to the Tay. Phosphate behaviour in plots for both estuaries show some common features including removal at low salinity, mid estuary inputs and simple dilution at high salinity. The results are interpreted on the basis of removal onto particles at low salinity followed by desorption at higher salinity together with an input from sediment porewaters. In the Forth the phosphate flux from sediments during the summer is estimated to be 1.98 +/- 1.25 mmol m-2 day-1. At this time the river input of phosphorus is only 10- 14 % of the mid estuary input. Under low river flow conditions in summer a large turbidity maximum (400-500 mg l-1 suspended solids) develops in the Forth estuary and this results in removal of phosphate. Removal is less dramatic in the Tay estuary as the turbidity is wind generated and therefore rarely exceeds 100 mg 1-1. Water quality in the Forth (as defined by the occurrence of low dissolved oxygen concentrations and the presence of species such as ammonia and nitrite) is inferior to that of the Tay. Relative to contaminated estuaries however concentrations in both estuaries are low. By virtue of its high fresh water discharge the Tay is a more significant source of nitrate to the North Sea during the winter than is the Forth. In the Forth bacterial mineralisation and nitrification of organic nitrogen occurs in the upper estuary, this results in an input of nitrate and consumption of dissolved oxygen. Further downstream broad mid estuarine peaks of nitrite and ammonia are observed indicative of a benthic source. Estimates of this source for ammonia and nitrite are 19-44 and 3.9-8.1 mmol m-2 day-1 respectively. In winter the main source of nitrogen to the Forth is from the river but in summer mid estuarine sources dominate. In the outer Tay a peak in dissolved ammonia is estimated to represent an input of 0.5-1.1 tonnes N day-1, this is attributed to sewer inputs from Dundee.
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1992 , Vol. 15 , N. 3 , P. 261-277

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00100/21160/18779.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00100/21160/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
A strong non linear relationship between nitrate and organic matter (assessed by dissolved organic carbon, DOC) has been recently demonstrated by Taylor and Townsend (2010), namely for freshwaters. In this context, our study explores this relation from the behavior of sets of normalized UV spectra (same area under each spectrum) of different water samples showing a hidden isosbestic point (HIP) around 225 nm. This HIP is linked to the existence of a simple relation between nitrate and DOC, the proportions of which vary according to the sampling location and environmental factors. In a second step, a simple linear model is proposed for nitrate-DOC relationship (α⋅NO3+β⋅DOC=1) and a validation is proposed for more than 150 samples of different Brittany rivers and lakes. For samples of the largest watershed, a complementary exploitation from data acquired during the different campaigns confirmed the seasonal evolution between spring (high nitrate/low DOC) and autumn (high DOC/low nitrate). Further investigation on other freshwater samples is needed in order to improve the limits of this linear model.
ISSN: 0045-6535

hal-01063932
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063932
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.034
PUBMED : 24875878

Éditeur(s) : OMICS Publishing Group
Résumé : Coastal tropical shrimp farming may impact the adjacent ecosystems through the release of large quantities of effluents rich in nutrients. In New Caledonia, mangroves are considered as a natural biofilter to reduce impacts on the surrounding World Heritage listed lagoon. Our main objective was to understand the influence of effluent discharge on the biogeochemistry of mangrove sediments. A monitoring of the physico-chemical parameters of mangrove sediments was carried out during a whole year, including active and non active periods of the farm. The parameters studied were: i) benthic primary production (Chl-a concentrations), ii) physico-chemical parameters of sediments (redox potential, pH, salinity, TOC, TN, TS, δ13C and δ15N), iii) concentrations of dissolved nitrogen, iron and phosphorus. A mangrove developing in the same physiographic conditions, presenting the same zonation, and free of anthropogenic input was used as reference. The concentration of benthic Chl-a measured at sediment surface in the effluent receiving mangrove was twice to three times that measured in the control zone whatever the season. We thus suggest that nutrients inputs significantly increased the phytobenthic production in the effluent receiving mangrove during the whole year, even after the cessation of discharges and because of natural seasonal dynamic of phytobenthos. Although the flow of surface OM was increased, the OM content at depth was not higher than in the control mangrove. However, the contribution of mangrove detritus to the sedimentary organic pool was higher probably as a result of higher density and much greater individual size of the mangrove trees. Unlike the control mangrove sediment, the effluent receiving mangrove sediment was not stratified, redox potential values were high and presence of Fe3+ was detected down to 50 cm depth, probably as a result of a larger root system, allowing a better sediment oxygenation and accentuated OM decomposition processes, and thus limiting ecosystem saturation.
Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development (21559546) (OMICS Publishing Group), 2014-07-03 , Vol. 5 , N. 5 , P. 1-13

Droits : 2014 Marchand C, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00251/36253/34801.pdf
DOI:10.4172/2155-9546.1000262
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00251/36253/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : The variability of ''yellow substance'' in waters of the Skagerrak and the Kattegat was studied during the international Skagex programme in 1990 and 1991. Data on attenuation of light and fluorescence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sea water were collected with a spectral transmissiometer and a submersible fluorometer within a depth range of 0-250 m at several stations. More than fifty-fold variations of fluorescence intensity over space and time were due to the combined action of different sources of DOM in the straits. The surface maximum of fluorescing DOM, related to river outflow, was spreading from Oslo fjord to the central Skagerrak in late spring. This maximum may be ecologically important because it diminishes shortwave PAR. In the autumn the brightest DOM fluorescence was found in the Kattegat and along the Norwegian coast in accordance with earlier studies. The local minima of DOM fluorescence are associated with the Jutland current. Both the instability of the current and a ten-fold difference in DOM content between deep layers of the Skagerrak and Kattegat resulted in strong synoptic variability of fluorescence in the transitional area between the straits. Seasonal and synoptic variabilities of ''yellow substance'' were minimal in the southern Kattegat. The vertical gradients of DOM fluorescence were mostly negative at the depth of the thermocline of the open Skagerrak in spring, reaching values of 40-50 % m-1. Fine structure and complex shape were inherent to fluorescence profiles from areas of intensive water mixing. DOM fluorescence closely covaried with attenuation of UV light: the correlation coefficient was + 0.9 for wavelength w <= 350 nm regardless of season. The inverse dependence between wavelength derivative and magnitude of UV attenuation in the straits did not change with season. DOM fluorescence and water salinity were negatively correlated at depths of 25-50 m but they varied independently in the upper 10 m. No significant correlation between fluorescence and nitrates has been found. Estimates of correlation with phosphates ranged from 0.7 to 0.8. In general, the changes of fluorescence were due to variations of DOM content in sea water but not to variability of DOM composition or state. The properties of DOM fluorescence in the Skagerrak-Kattegat area make it a useful natural tracer of water movements suitable for active remote sensing with airborne lidar.
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1993 , Vol. 16 , N. 2 , P. 115-125

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00099/21041/18667.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00099/21041/

Éditeur(s) : Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd
Résumé : We report rare earth element (REE) and neodymium (Nd) isotope data for the organic fraction of sediments collected from various depositional environments, i.e. rivers (n=25), estuaries (n=18), open-ocean settings (n=15), and cold seeps (n=12). Sedimentary Organic Matter (SOM) was extracted using a mixed hydrogen peroxide/nitric acid solution (20%-H2O2 – 0.02M-HNO3), after removal of carbonate and oxy-hydroxide phases with dilute hydrochloric acid (0.25M-HCl). A series of experimental tests indicate that extraction of sedimentary organic compounds using H202 may be complicated occasionally by partial dissolution of sulphide minerals and residual carbonates. However, this contamination is expected to be minor for REE because measured concentrations in H2O2 leachates are about two-orders of magnitude higher than in the above mentioned phases. The mean REE concentrations determined in the H2O2 leachates for samples from rivers, estuaries, coastal seas and open-ocean settings yield relatively similar levels, with ΣREE = 109 ± 86 ppm (mean ± s; n=58). The organic fractions leached from cold seep sediments display even higher concentration levels (285 ± 150 ppm; mean ± s; n=12). The H2O2 leachates for most sediments exhibit remarkably similar shale-normalized REE patterns, all characterized by a mid-REE enrichment compared to the other REE. This suggests that the distribution of REE in leached sedimentary organic phases is controlled primarily by biogeochemical processes, rather than by the composition of the source from which they derive (e.g. pore, river or sea- water). The Nd isotopic compositions for organic phases leached from river sediments are very similar to those for the corresponding detrital fractions. In contrast, the SOM extracted from marine sediments display εNd values that typically range between the εNd signatures for terrestrial organic matter (inferred from the analysis of the sedimentary detrital fractions) and marine organic matter (inferred from the analysis of local surface seawater). A notable exception is the case of organic matter (OM) fractions leached from cold seep sediment samples, which sometimes exhibit εNd values markedly different from both terrigenous and surface seawater signatures. This suggests that a significant fraction of organic compounds in these sediments may be derived from chemosynthetic processes, recycling pore water REE characterized by a distinct isotopic composition. Overall, our results confirm that organic matter probably plays an important role in the oceanic REE budget, through direct scavenging and remineralization within the water column. Both the high REE abundances and the shape of shale-normalized patterns for leached SOM also suggest that OM degradation in sub-surface marine sediments during early diagenesis could control, to a large extent, the distribution of REE in pore waters. Benthic fluxes of organic-bound REE could hence substantially contribute to the exchange processes between particulates and seawater that take place at ocean margins. Neodymium isotopes could provide useful information for tracing the origin (terrestrial versus marine) and geographical provenance of organic matter, with potential applications in paleoceanography. In particular, future studies should further investigate the potential of Nd isotopes in organic compounds preserved in sedimentary records for reconstructing past variations of surface ocean circulation.
Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta (0016-7037) (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd), 2014-09 , Vol. 140 , P. 177-198

Droits : 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00191/30250/28682.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.016
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00191/30250/

Éditeur(s) : Actes Symposium, Bordeaux, France, 8-14 septembre 1981, pp 389-395
Résumé : Estimations of algal growth potential (AGP) of oyster-pond waters have been made by the use of bioassays and nutrient analysis. Data obtained demonstrated that nitrogen is the nutrient Iimiting AGP and that an important part of algal biomass is supported by organic nutrients. Such an uptake ranges from 0.6 to 30.7 µg-at.I-1 nitrogen ; which represents up to six times the total amount of inorganic nitrogen taken up. U.V oxydation and subsequent chemical analysis shown DON concentrations in oyster-pond waters varied with oyster presence or absence: values recorded were 10-40 µg-at N.I-1 when oysters were not present, and up to 50-60 µg-at N.I-1 when oysters were covering the bottom of the pond. The oyster Crassostrea gigas was demonstrated to excrete 77-93 % DON, versus 10-33 % N-NH4; urea excretion often represented three folds the NH4 excretion. The capability to take up organic nutrients varies with algal species ; the diatom Navicula ostrearia appeared to be the most efficient one.
L'utilisation de tests biologiques dans l'étude de la fertilité des eaux de claires ainsi que l'analyse chimique des réserves en sels nutritifs des mêmes eaux montrent qu'une part importante de la biomasse micro-algale peut être produite dans ces bassins, par assimilation par les cellules de substances organiques dissoutes. Ainsi, pour l'azote, des estimations indirectes aboutissent à des quantités de cet élément assimilé sous forme organique variant entre 0,6 et 30,7 µg-at.I-1 selon les modes d'évaluation, les espèces et l'origine des eaux, c'est-à-dire jusqu'à six fois les quantités d'ions minéraux prélevés par les algues. Ces valeurs sont tout à fait en concordance avec les teneurs en azote organique dissous effectivement présentes dans les eaux de claires: entre 10 et 40 µg-at.I-1 et jusqu'à 50 à 60 µg-at.I-1 dans les bassins où des huîtres sont immergées. On ne peut donc exclure une relation entre ces fortes valeurs en azote organique dissous et les huîtres. D'ailleurs, il est démontré que l'huître Crassostrea gigas peut excréter 77 à 93 % de rejets azotés sous forme organique, l'ammoniaque n'en représentant que 10 à 33 % et la quantité d'urée excrétée atteignant jusqu'à trois fois celle d'ammoniaque. L'utilisation de ces formes organiques de l'azote par les algues des claires varie avec les espèces; Navicula ostrearia semble être la mieux adaptée à ce type d'assimilation.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1981/acte-2946.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2946/

Éditeur(s) : Wiley-blackwell
Résumé : Alexandrium tamarense (M. Lebour) Balech strains isolated in spring 2007 from a single bloom in Thau lagoon have been grown in nonaxenic artificial media. For three strains showing large oscillations in biomass (crashes followed by recoveries) on a scale of several days, a significant relationship was observed between changes in cell densities (as in vivo fluorescence) and changes in nitrate concentrations. Increases in cell densities were accompanied by decreases in nitrate, while decreases in cell densities corresponded to increases in nitrate, presumably due to nitrification. Net increases in nitrate could reach up to 15 mu mol N . L(-1) . d(-1) indicating a very active nitrifying archaeal/bacterial population. However, following population crashes, algal cells can recover and attain biomass levels similar to those reached during the first growth phase. This finding indicates that those archaea/bacteria do not compete for nutrients or do not hamper algal growth under those conditions. In contrast to diatoms, dinoflagellates such as A. tamarense do not excrete/exude dissolved organic matter, thus preventing excessive bacterial growth. This mechanism could help explain the recovery of this species in the presence of bacteria.
Journal Of Phycology (0022-3646) (Wiley-blackwell), 2011-10 , Vol. 47 , N. 5 , P. 1057-1062

Droits : 2011 Phycological Society of America
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00049/16046/13585.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01031.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00049/16046/

Éditeur(s) : Université de la Méditerranée
Résumé : This study was supported by the Atlantic working site of the « Programme National d’Océanographie Côtière » (PNOC, PNEC since 1999). The objectives were (1) to check the existence and to understand the mechanisms of winter phytoplankton blooms in the bay of Biscay influenced by the Gironde waters (2) to determine the limiting nutrient of the primary production associated to these blooms and to follow the seasonal evolution of the limiting nutrient, (3) to understand the consequences of this early limitation on the structuration of algal populations in spring. Since phosphorus was supposed to be the major limiting nutrient of algal growth in the Gironde plume, the different forms of the phosphorus cycle as well as the bacterial compartment, central in this cycle, were also studied in term of stocks and fluxes. The sampling strategy consisted in three cruises in 1998, BIOMET 2 (January), BIOMET 3 (beginning of March), PEGASE (June) and six cruises in 1999, PLAGIA 1 to 6 (late February, late April, late May, late June, the middle of July and the beginning of October). Winter algal blooms, essentially diatoms, were actually observed both in the typical waters of the plume (S < 34.5) and at the limit of the plume and adjacent atlantic oceanic waters (S > 34.5) in the successives years 1998 and 1999. These blooms were initiated by the occurrence of short anticyclonic windows in winter, acting on physical processes which dominate the evolution and characteristics of the Gironde plume (runoff, wind direction and speed) and, ultimately, on the evolution of the depth of the mixed layer (haline stratification) and available light (decrease of turbidity). The algal growth was actually phosphorus limited in the typical waters of the plume at the end of the winter bloom, in spring and became nitrogen and phosphorus limited in summer until the first autumn gales restored the nutritive balance. More oceanic waters (S > 34.5) were probably N+P limited from the end of the winter-the beginning of spring to autumn. Phosphorus limitation of winter blooms, associated with girondine unbalanced nutritive supplies (high NO3/PO4 ratios) favoured the development of small cells at the beginning of spring and the later presence of spring blooms (June 1998, late May 1999) composed of pico and nanophytoplankton (nanoflagellates), instead of typical diatom spring blooms for temperate waters. This size reduction of algal communities is strongthened by the competition between phytoplankton and bacteria for the phosphate uptake, bacteria being more competitives at low concentrations and being phosphorus limited sometimes in spring. The decreasing size of algal cells probably acted on the structuration of the whole food web. The study of the different forms of phosphorus displayed the importance of the Dissolved Organic Phosphorus (DOP) pool. The potential biological lability and the capacity of algae and bacteria to use the DOP in spring when phosphate are undetectable was shown by the very high specific activities of alkaline phosphatases and the very rapid cycling of phosphate monoesters. According to the few estimations of actual phosphatasic activity and phosphate assimilation fluxes, the hydrolysis of DOP associated with the coupled assimilation of liberated phosphate would represent 91 to 99 % of the phosphorus fluxes into algal and bacterial cells when phosphate were exhausted. In such conditions DOP could satisfy most of microorganisms phosphorus needs.
Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du Chantier Atlantique du Programme National d’Océanographie Côtière (PNOC, PNEC depuis 1999). Les objectifs de ce travail étaient (1) de vérifier l’existence et comprendre le déterminisme de blooms phytoplanctoniques hivernaux dans les eaux du Golfe de Gascogne influencées par la Gironde, (2) de préciser le facteur limitant de la production primaire associée à ces blooms et de suivre l’évolution saisonnière de ce facteur et (3) de comprendre les conséquences de cette limitation précoce sur la structuration des populations algales au printemps. Le phosphore étant supposé être le principal élément limitant de la croissance algale dans le panache de la Gironde, les différentes composantes du cycle du phosphore ainsi que le compartiment bactérien, central dans ce cycle, ont été étudiés en terme de stock et de flux. La stratégie d’échantillonnage a consisté en trois campagnes en 1998, BIOMET 2 (janvier), BIOMET 3 (début mars), PEGASE (juin) et six campagnes en 1999, PLAGIA 1 à 6 (fin février, fin avril, fin mai, fin juin, mi-juillet et début octobre). Des efflorescences algales hivernales, constituées essentiellement de diatomées, ont effectivement été observées de façon récurrente dans les eaux typiques du panache (S < 34,5) et à la limite du panache et des eaux océaniques atlantiques adjacentes (S > 34,5) au cours des deux années successives 1998 et 1999. Ces blooms ont été engendrés par l’apparition de courtes fenêtres anticycloniques en période hivernale, ces fenêtres interférant sur les processus physiques qui prévalent sur l’évolution et les caractéristiques du panache de la Gironde (régime des débits, orientation et force du vent) et, de façon ultime, sur l’évolution de la profondeur de la couche de mélange (halostratification) et la disponibilité en lumière (diminution de la turbidité). La croissance algale était limitée par le phosphore dans les eaux typiques du panache à la fin du bloom hivernal, au printemps et devint limitée en azote et en phosphore en période estivale et ceci jusqu’à ce que les premières tempêtes automnales rétablissent l’équilibre nutritif des eaux. Les eaux à caractère plus océanique (S > 34,5) étaient plus probablement limitées par N+P dès la fin de l’hiverdébut du printemps et ce jusqu’à l’automne. La limitation des blooms hivernaux par le phosphore, associée à des apports nutritifs girondins déséquilibrés en phosphate (rapports NO3/PO4 élevés) a favorisé le développement de cellules de petite taille au début du printemps et la présence ultérieure de blooms printaniers (juin 1998, fin mai 1999) composés de pico- et de nanophytoplancton (nanoflagellés), blooms « atypiques » pour des eaux tempérées à cette saison. Cette structuration des communautés algales est renforcée par la compétition entre le phytoplancton et les bactéries pour l’acquisition du phosphate, les bactéries étant plus compétitives aux faibles teneurs en phosphate et pouvant être elles-mêmes limitées par le phosphore à certains moments du printemps. La diminution de taille des cellules algales a probablement une incidence sur la structure de taille de l’ensemble du réseau trophique. L’étude des différentes composantes du phosphore montre l’importance du pool de Phosphore Organique Dissous (POD), sa labilité biologique potentielle et la capacité des communautés algales et bactériennes à utiliser ce pool au printemps quand les phosphates sont indétectables (activités spécifiques des phosphatases alcalines très élevées, recyclage très rapide des monoesters de phosphate). Au vu des quelques estimations de l’activité phosphatasique réelle et des flux d’assimilation de phosphate, l’hydrolyse du POD associée à l’assimilation couplée du phosphate libéré représenterait 91 à 99 % des flux de phosphore vers les cellules algales et bactériennes, quand les phosphates du milieu sont déficients. Dans de telles conditions, le POD pourrait satisfaire l’essentiel des besoins des microorganismes en phosphore.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00013/12463/9298.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00013/12463/