Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is considered the most frequent skin cancer in black people. Its incidence is not known in the Afro-Caribbean population.Objective: To assess the incidence of SCC in Guadeloupe, the largest island of the Lesser Antilles (405 000 inhabitants, mostly black people of African and European descent). The second objective was to characterize clinical and histological patterns of SCC occurring in the Afro-Caribbean community.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted over an 11-year period (2000-2010). Data regarding 723 histological confirmed cases of SCC identified using the three Guadeloupean pathology laboratories computerized databases were retrieved from the records of 551 patients. Private practice dermatologists and general practitioners were contacted to obtain any missing data. Results: The annual age-adjusted incidence of SCC was 15 per 100.000 residents in Guadeloupe. In the Afro-Caribbean community, SCC had a greater size (i.e.: 2.8±2.8 cm versus 1.5±1.0 cm, p<0.001), was more often located on the anogenital area (i.e. :48/79-60.8% versus 14/320-4.4%, p<0.001) in association with an underlying dermatosis due to HPV infection (15/71- 21.1% versus 3/366, 0.8%, p<0.001) and led more frequently to metastasis (13/84-15.5% versus 10/366-2.7%, p<0.001) and/or fatal evolution (11/83-13.3% versus 7/365-1.9%, p<0.001). Conclusions: The results of this original study, which first estimated the incidence of SCC in West Indies, suggest that anogenital examination should be routinely performed in skin cancer screening of Afro-Caribbean people in order to detect the presence of SCC at an early stage.
ISSN: 0926-9959

inserm-01513116
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01513116
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01513116/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01513116/file/2017%2C%20Cordel%20-%20Squamous%20cell%20carcinoma%20in%20the%20Afro-Caribbean%20community.pdf
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01513116/file/CordeletalJ%20Eur%20Acad%20Dermatol%20Venereol2017.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
MR and MDHD contributed equally to this work. Summary Painful vaso-occlusive crisis, a hallmark of sickle cell anaemia, results from complex, incompletely understood mechanisms. Red blood cell (RBC) damage caused by continuous endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress may precipitate the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crises. In order to gain insight into the relevance of oxidative stress in vaso-occlusive crisis occurrence , we prospectively compared the expression levels of various oxidative markers in 32 adults with sickle cell anaemia during vaso-occlusive crisis and steady-state conditions. Compared to steady-state condition, plasma levels of free haem, advanced oxidation protein products and myeloperoxi-dase, RBC caspase-3 activity, as well as the concentrations of total, neutrophil-and RBC-derived microparticles were increased during vaso-occlusive crises, whereas the reduced glutathione content was decreased in RBCs. In addition, natural anti-band 3 autoantibodies levels decreased during crisis and were negatively correlated with the rise in plasma advanced oxidation protein products and RBC caspase-3 activity. These data showed an exacerbation of the oxidative stress during vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell anaemia patients and strongly suggest that the higher concentration of harmful circulating RBC-derived microparticles and the reduced anti-band 3 autoantibodies levels may be both related to the recruitment of oxidized band 3 into membrane aggregates.
ISSN: 0007-1048

inserm-01476067
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01476067
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01476067/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01476067/file/2016%2C%20Hierso%20-%20Exacerbation%20of%20oxidative%20stress%20during%20sickle%20vaso-occlusive%20crisis.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/bjh.14476

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Hemorheological abnormalities have been well characterized in sickle cell disease (SCD) and seem to modulate the clinical severity [1]. For instance, increased blood viscosity raises the risk for frequent vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) and increased red blood cell (RBC) aggregates robustness (i.e., RBC disaggregation threshold) enhances the risks for acute chest syndrome (ACS) [2]. Moreover, patients with the most rigid RBCs are characterized by high hemolytic rate, which increases the risks to develop leg ulcers or glomerulopathy [3]. However, except few studies supporting an effect of alpha-thalassemia and oxidative stress [1] on RBC rheological properties of SCD patients, very few experiments focused on the genetic and cellular factors modulating blood rheology in this disease.
ISSN: 1079-9796

hal-01263890
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01263890
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01263890/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01263890/file/Ferdinand%20et%20al.%20eNOS%20and%20RBC%20rheology%20in%20SCD_BCMD.pdf
PUBMED : 26142331

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Ferrata Storti Foundation
Résumé : International audience
The aim of the study was to determine the factors associated with resting and exercise-induced hemoglobin oxygen desaturation. The well-established six-minute walk test was conducted in 107 sickle cell children (50 with sickle hemoglobin C disease and 57 with sickle cell anemia) at steady state. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation was measured before and immediately after the six-minute walk test. Blood samples were obtained on the same day to measure hematologic and hemorheological parameters. Exercise-induced hemoglobin oxygen desaturation was defined as a drop in hemoglobin oxygen saturation of 3% or more at the end of the six-minute walk test compared to resting levels. No children with sickle hemoglobin C disease, but approximately 50% of children with sickle cell anemia showed mild or moderate oxygen desaturation at rest, which was independently associated with the percentage of reticulocytes. Exercise-induced hemoglobin oxygen desaturation was observed in 18% of children with sickle hemoglobin C disease and 34% of children with sickle cell anemia, and was independently associated with the six-minute walk test, acute chest syndrome rate and the strength of red blood cell aggregates in children with sickle cell anemia. No association was found in children with sickle hemoglobin C disease between exercise-induced hemoglobin oxygen desaturation and the measured parameters. Hemoglobin oxygen desaturation at rest was common in children with sickle cell anemia but not in children with sickle hemoglobin C disease, and was mainly associated with greater hemolysis. Physiological strain during exercise and red blood cell aggregation properties may predict the occurrence of exercise-induced hemoglobin oxygen desaturation in children with sickle cell anemia.
ISSN: 0390-6078

inserm-00838989
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00838989
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00838989/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00838989/file/Waltz_et_al._Ferrata_Storti_Foundation.pdf
DOI : 10.3324/haematol.2013.083576

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Purpose: Active surveillance is a treatment option for favorable risk prostate cancer. However, data are missing on populations of African descent. We evaluated the safety and benefit of active surveillance in an African Caribbean cohort with favorable risk prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Between 2005 and 2016, a single center, prospective cohort study was performed in Guadeloupe, French West Indies, including patients on active surveillance who had low risk prostate cancer (prostate specific antigen 10 ng/ml or less and Gleason score 6 or less) or favorable intermediate risk prostate cancer (prostate specific antigen 10 to 20 ng/ml, Gleason score 3 + 4 or less and life expectancy less than 10 years). Treatment was recommended in case of grade progression, increased tumor volume, prostate cancer doubling time less than 36 months or patient wish. Overall survival, disease specific survival and duration of active surveillance were calculated with the KaplanMeier method. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model to identify predictors of active surveillance termination. Results: A total of 234 patients with a median age of 64 years were enrolled in study. Median followup was 4 years (IQR 2.3-5.5). Overall survival at 30 months, 5 years and 10 years was 99.5%, 98.5% and 90.7%, respectively. Disease specific survival at 30 months, and 5 and 10 years was 100%. At 30 months, 5 years and 10 years 72.7%, 52.6% and 40.4% of patients, respectively, remained untreated and on active surveillance. Age (HR 0.96 per additional year, 95% CI 0.93-0.99) and prostate specific antigen density (HR 1.52 per additional 0.1 ng/ml, 95% CI 1.20-1.89) were found to be independent predictors of active surveillance termination. Conclusions: Active surveillance is safe and beneficial for highly selected African Caribbean patients. It seems to be feasible for patients at low risk and intermediate favorable risk. Prostate specific antigen density could help better select these patients.
ISSN: 0022-5347

hal-01519251
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01519251
DOI : 10.1016/j.juro.2016.12.047
PUBMED : 27993665

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: In Guadeloupe and Martinique, two French Overseas Departments, colorectal cancer (CRC) has become an essential public health issue. However, little is known about CRC characteristics and the p53 status in these populations, particularly in Guadeloupe, whereas certification of a cancer registry has been recently validated. METHODS: This was a descriptive retrospective study of 201 patients who, between 1995 and 2000, underwent surgery for CRC in the Guadeloupe Teaching Hospital (GlpeTH; 83 patients) and in the Martinique Teaching Hospital (MqueTH; 118 patients). The clinicopathological features and the p53 expression, evaluated with immunohistochemistry, were compared at the time of diagnosis. A relationship between these parameters and the p53 expression was also studied. Data were analysed, using the SPSS computer software version 17.0. RESULTS: No statistical difference was found between the two groups of patients regarding age (p = 0.60), percentage of young patients (<=50 years; p = 0.94)), sex (p = 0.47), histological type (p = 0.073) and tumour sites (p = 0.65), although the GlpeTH patients were diagnosed with more distal colon cancers (54.2%) than the Mque TH patients (47.4%). By contrast, a significant difference was found regarding the tumour grade (p < 0.0001), the pTNM stage (p = 0.045) and the pT stage (p < 0.0001). Regarding p53 expression, solely for the MqueTH patients, nuclear expression was associated with pTNM, the percentage of p53 negative tumours increasing with the progression of the pTNM stages (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, this study reveals discrepancies in clinicopathological features and in the p53 status between the two groups of patients. The GlpeTH patients were diagnosed with more moderated CRCs but with few CRCs at pTNM IV stage. By contrast, the MqueTH patients were diagnosed with more differentiated tumours, but with many more CRCs at pTNM IV stage. This paradox may be due to differences in tumour location (distal vs proximal), multiplicity of the genetic profiles of patients, or patients getting treatment elsewhere. Although our study is limited due to its small size, it emphasizes the originality of our results.
ISSN: 1472-6890

inserm-00971313
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00971313
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00971313/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00971313/file/1472-6890-14-12.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1472-6890-14-12

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD SAGE Publications
Résumé : International audience
The French overseas territories in the Americas are the French territories most affected by HIV. Crack cocaine users are particularly impacted. The objective of this study was to describe sexual risk behaviors and inconsistent condom use among crack cocaine users. A total of 640 crack cocaine users were interviewed. The sampling method was non-probabilistic. An anonymous standardized questionnaire of 110 questions was used. Over a third of persons did not use condoms systematically with casual sex partners (36.2%) or commercial sex partners (32.3%), and 64% did not use condoms systematically with regular sex partners. In a context of multiple sexual partnerships, frequent forced sex, and insufficient HIV testing, the lack of systematic condom use may favor the spread of HIV. Different predictive factors of inconsistent condom use were identified, depending on the type of partner, with a log binomial regression. However, among the predictor variables identified, two predictive factors frequently occur among the different type of sex partners: high perceived risk of HIV and self-perceived capacity to persuade a sex partner to use condom. These results pointed towards interventions improving access to rights and raising perceived self-efficacy.
ISSN: 0956-4624

inserm-01566193
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01566193
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01566193/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01566193/file/2017%2C%20Parriault%20-%20Sexual%20risk%20behaviors.pdf
DOI : 10.1097/COH.0b013e3283536ab2

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: African Americans with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have a lower survival rate than whites. This study investigated the functional importance of ancestry-informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HNSCC and also examined the effect of functionally important genetic elements on racial disparities in HNSCC survival. METHODS: Ancestry-informative SNPs, RNA sequencing, methylation, and copy number variation data for 316 oral cavity and laryngeal cancer patients were analyzed across 178 DNA repair genes. The results of expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses were also replicated with a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data set. The effects of eQTLs on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated. RESULTS: Five ancestry-related SNPs were identified as cis-eQTLs in the DNA polymerase beta (POLB) gene (false discovery rate [FDR]<0.01). The homozygous/heterozygous genotypes containing the African allele showed higher POLB expression than the homozygous white allele genotype (P<.001). A replication study using a GEO data set validated all 5 eQTLs and also showed a statistically significant difference in POLB expression based on genetic ancestry (P=.002). An association was observed between these eQTLs and OS (P<.037; FDR<0.0363) as well as DFS (P=.018 to.0629; FDR<0.079) for oral cavity and laryngeal cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Genotypes containing the African allele were associated with poor OS/DFS in comparison with homozygous genotypes harboring the white allele. CONCLUSIONS: Analyses show that ancestry-related alleles could act as eQTLs in HNSCC and support the association of ancestry-related genetic factors with survival disparities in patients diagnosed with oral cavity and laryngeal cancer. (C) 2016 American Cancer Society.
ISSN: 0008-543X

hal-01519253
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01519253
DOI : 10.1002/cncr.30457
PUBMED : 27906459

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Résumé :Introduction : Les départements Français d’Amérique sont à la fois parmi les territoiresfrançais les plus affectés par le VIH et parmi les territoires français les plus impactés par laconsommation de crack. L’épidémie de VIH en Guyane est une épidémie concentrée quitouche plus spécifiquement certains groupes vulnérables. Parmi ces groupes, les usagers decrack sont particulièrement touchés.Matériel et Méthodes : Une étude a été réalisée simultanément dans les trois départements en2012 dans le but de décrire les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques vis-à-vis du VIH etdes IST chez les usagers de crack. Au total 640 personnes ont été interrogées. La méthoded’échantillonnage utilisée était non probabiliste et combinait un échantillonnage deconvenance dans les associations recevant ce public (75% de l’échantillon), et unéchantillonnage en boule de neige en dehors afin d’atteindre les personnes ne fréquentant pasles structures (25% de l’échantillon).Résultats : Un tiers des personnes n’utilisait pas systématiquement le préservatif avec lespartenaires occasionnels (36,2%) ou avec les partenaires commerciaux (32,3%), et 64%n’utilisaient pas le préservatif à chaque fois avec les partenaires réguliers. Différents facteursprédictifs de la non utilisation du préservatif ont été identifiés selon le type de partenaire àl’aide d’un modèle log-binomial. Parmi les différents facteurs repérés, deux étaient communsà chaque type de partenaire : la perception élevée de son risque face au VIH et le fait de nepas se sentir à l’aise pour persuader un partenaire à utiliser le préservatif.Discussion : Dans un contexte de multipartenariat, de violences sexuelles fréquentes et dedépistage insuffisant du VIH, la non utilisation systématique du préservatif peut avoir unimpact non négligeable dans la diffusion de l’épidémie. Bien que la non utilisation dupréservatif soit sensiblement inférieure à ce que l’on retrouve dans la littérature, cesproportions traduisent un réel problème.La capacité à persuader un partenaire sexuel à utiliser un préservatif était négativementcorrélée avec la non utilisation du préservatif quel que soit le type de partenaire. Ainsi, ilsemble que lorsque les personnes se sentaient capables de négocier l'utilisation du préservatif,elles l’utilisaient de manière plus systématique. La capacité personnelle perçue est souventconsidérée comme un levier important pour adapter les comportements de santé. Or, elle peutêtre affectée dans des situations de stigmatisation, d’addiction ou de relation violente. Cesrésultats soulignent l’importance d’interventions spécifiques de prévention parmi les usagersde crack et notamment des interventions visant à améliorer le sentiment d’efficacitépersonnelle (perceived self-efficacy) et d’estime de soi.
Colloque ATHS Biarritz
Biarritz, France

inserm-01621896
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01621896
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01621896/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01621896/file/2017%2C%20Parriault%20-%20Comportements%20sexuels%20%C3%A0%20risque%20%26%20crack.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Chicago, IL : American Medical Association, [2013]-
Résumé : International audience
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ISSN: 2168-6068

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
inserm-01491176
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01491176
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01491176/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01491176/file/2017%2C%20Cordel%20-%20main%20characteristics%20of%20zika%20virus%20exanthema%20in%20Guadeloupe.pdf
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01491176/file/2017%20Cordel%20-%20main%20characteristics%20of%20zika%20virus%20exanthema%20in%20Guadeloupe-Fig1.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Ferrata Storti Foundation
Résumé : International audience
Lionnet et al. recently reported a high prevalence of retinopathy (RET) and otologic disorders (OTD) in patients with sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease (SC), while a significant number of patients had renal diseases (mainly glomerulopathy; GLO) and osteonecrosis (OST). The pathophysiological processes of these complications in SC are not well defined, although blood hyperviscosity has been suspected, but never tested to the best of our knowledge, as responsible for several chronic complications in SC disease1,2. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between hematological and hemorheological parameters and chronic complications in adult SC patients.
ISSN: 0390-6078

inserm-01081709
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01081709
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01081709/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01081709/file/2014%2C%20Lemonne%20-%20Impaired%20blood%20rheology%20plays%20a%20role%20in%20the%20chronic%20disorders%20associated%20with%20sickle%20cell-hemoglobin%20C%20disease.pdf
PUBMED : 24633868

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Objectives To investigate the association between priapism in men with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and hemorheological and hemolytical parameters. Materials and Methods Fifty-eight men with SCA (median age: 38 years) were included; 28 who had experienced priapism at least once during their life (priapism group) and 30 who never experienced this complication (control group). Twenty-two patients were treated with hydroxycarbamide, 11 in each group. All patients were at steady state at the time of inclusion. Hematological and biochemical parameters were obtained through routine procedures. The Laser-assisted Optical Rotational Cell Analyzer was used to measure red blood cell (RBC) deformability at 30 Pa (ektacytometry) and RBC aggregation properties (laser backscatter versus time). Blood viscosity was measured at a shear rate of 225 s(-1) using a cone/plate viscometer. A principal component analysis was performed on 4 hemolytic markers (i.e., lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), total bilirubin (BIL) levels and reticulocyte (RET) percentage) to calculate a hemolytic index. Results Compared to the control group, patients with priapism exhibited higher ASAT (p = 0.01), LDH (p = 0.03), RET (p = 0.03) levels and hemolytic indices (p = 0.02). Higher RBC aggregates strength (p = 0.01) and lower RBC deformability (p = 0.005) were observed in patients with priapism compared to controls. After removing the hydroxycarbamide-treated patients, RBC deformability (p = 0.01) and RBC aggregate strength (p = 0.03) were still different between the two groups, and patients with priapism exhibited significantly higher hemolytic indices (p = 0.01) than controls. Conclusion Our results confirm that priapism in SCA is associated with higher hemolytic rates and show for the first time that this complication is also associated with higher RBC aggregate strength and lower RBC deformability.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01390971
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01390971
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0154866
PUBMED : 27145183

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The six-minute walk test is a well-established submaximal exercise reflecting the functional status and the clinical severity of sickle cell patients. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate the biological determinants of the six-minute walk test performance in children with sickle cell anemia. Hematological and hemorheological parameters, pulmonary function and the six-minute walk test performance were determined in 42 children with sickle cell anemia at steady state. The performance during the six-minute walk test was normalized for age, sex and height and expressed as percentage of the predicted six-minute walk distance. We showed that a high level of anemia, a low fetal hemoglobin expression and low red blood cell deformability were independent predictors of a low six-minute walk test performance. This study describes for the first time the impact of blood rheology in the six-minute walk test performance in children with sickle cell anemia.
ISSN: 1932-6203

inserm-00922110
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00922110
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00922110/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00922110/file/2013_Waltz_-_Hematological_and_hemorheological_determinants_6_minutes.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0077830

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Contexte initial de prise en charge, qualité de vie à 3 mois et survie des patients dialysés pour insuffisance rénale chronique terminale dans deux départements français d'Amérique
Premier congrès de la Société francophone de néphrologie dialyse et transplantation (SFNDT)
Strasbourg, France

inserm-01567195
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01567195
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01567195/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01567195/file/2017%2C%20Deloumeaux%20-%20Insuffisance%20r%C3%A9nale%20chronique%20terminale.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.nephro.2016.07.340

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis (Routledge)
Résumé : International audience
The French Antilles (Martinique, Saint Martin and Guadeloupe) and French Guiana are the French territories most affected by the HIV epidemic. Some population groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM), especially those involved in transactional sex, are thought to be particularly vulnerable to HIV but few data exist to help characterize their health-related needs and thus implement relevant prevention interventions. To fill this knowledge gap, we used data collected from an HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviours and Practices survey conducted in 2012 among MSM living in the French Antilles and French Guiana and recruited through snowball sampling. Our objectives were to compare social and demographic characteristics and sexual behaviours between MSM engaging in transactional sex and MSM not engaging in transactional sex and to identify factors associated with transactional sex involvement using a logistic regression model. A total of 733 MSM were interviewed, 21% of whom reported to undergo transactional sex. Their behaviour and social and demographic characteristics were different from other MSMs’ and they were more exposed to factors that are recognized to potentiate HIVvulnerability, at the individual, community, network and structural levels. The variables positively associated with sex trade involvement were having ever consumed drug (OR = 2.84 [1.23–6.52]; p = .002), having a greater number of sex partners than the median (OR = 8.31 [4.84–14.30]; p < .001), having experienced intimate partner violence (OR = 1.72 [0.99–3.00]; p = .053) and having undergone physical aggression because of sexual orientation (OR = 2.84 [1.23–6.52];p = .014). Variables negatively associated with sex trade involvement were being older (OR = 0.93 [0.90–0.97] per year; p = .001), having a stable administrative situation (OR = 0.10 [0.06–0.19]; p < .001), having a stable housing (OR = 0.29 [0.15–0.55]; p < .001) and being employed full-time (OR = 0.29 [1.23–6.52]; p = .002).
ISSN: 0954-0121

inserm-01407263
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01407263
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01407263/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01407263/file/AIDS%20Care%20final%20version.pdf
DOI : 10.1080/09540121.2016.1234680

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Evidence of human sexual transmission during Zika virus emergence is a matter of concern, particularly in procreation, but to date, kinetics of seminal shedding and the effects of infection on human reproductive function have not been described. To investigate the effects of Zika virus infection on semen and clearance of Zika virus from semen and body fluids, we aimed to study a cohort of Zika virus-infected men. METHODS: This prospective observational study recruited men presenting with acute Zika virus infection at Pointe-à-Pitre University Hospital in Guadeloupe, French Caribbean, where a Zika virus outbreak occurred between April and November, 2016. Blood, urine, and semen were collected at days 7, 11, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 after symptom onset, and semen characteristics, such as total sperm count, sperm motility, vitality, and morphology, and reproductive hormone concentrations, such as testosterone, inhibin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinising hormone, were assessed. At days 7, 11, and 20, semen was processed to isolate motile spermatozoa. Zika virus RNA was detected by RT-PCR using whole blood, serum, urine, seminal plasma, semen cells, and motile spermatozoa fractions. Zika virus was isolated from different sperm fractions on Vero E6 cultures. FINDINGS: 15 male volunteers (mean age 35 years [SD 5; range 25-44) with acute Zika virus infection and positive Zika virus RNA detection in blood or urine were enrolled. Total sperm count was decreased from median 119 × 10(6) spermatozoa (IQR 22-234) at day 7 to 45·2 × 10(6) (16·5-89·6) at day 30 and 70 × 10(6) (28·5-81·4) at day 60, respectively, after Zika virus infection. Inhibin values increased from 93·5 pg/mL (IQR 55-162) at day 7 to 150 pg/mL (78-209) at day 120 when total sperm count recovered. In motile spermatozoa obtained after density gradient separation, Zika virus RNA was found in three of 14 patients at day 7, four of 15 at day 11, and four of 15 at day 20, and replication-competent virus was found in the tested patient. Seminal shedding kinetics seemed heterogeneous among patients. Whole blood was the fluid most frequently positive for Zika virus RNA (62 of 92 samples) and three patients remained positive at day 120. INTERPRETATION: Semen alterations early after acute Zika virus infection might affect fertility and could be explained by virus effects on the testis and epididymis. Frequency of shedding and high viral load in semen, together with the presence of replicative virus in a motile spermatozoa fraction, can lead to Zika virus transmission during sexual contact and assisted reproduction procedures. Whole blood seems to be the best specimen for Zika virus RNA detection, diagnosis, and follow-up. FUNDING: Agence de la Biomédecine/Agence Régionale de Santé de la Guadeloupe/Inserm-REACTing.
ISSN: 0140-6736

hal-01647078
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01647078
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30444-9
PUBMED : 28838639

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IOS Press
Résumé : International audience
Vascular function has been found to be impaired in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). The present study investigated the determinants of systemic vascular resistance in two main SCD syndromes in children: sickle cell anemia (SCA) and sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease (SCC). Nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), hematological, hemorheological, and hemodynamical parameters were investigated in 61 children with SCA and 49 children with SCC. While mean arterial pressure was not different between SCA and SCC children, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was greater in SCC children. Although SVR and blood viscosity (ηb) were not correlated in SCC children, the increase of ηb (+18%) in SCC children compared to SCA children results in a greater mean SVR in this former group. SVR was positively correlated with ηb, hemoglobin (Hb) level and RBC deformability, and negatively with NOx level in SCA children. Multivariate linear regression model showed that both NOx and Hb levels were independently associated with SVR in SCA children. In SCC children, only NOx level was associated with SVR. In conclusion, vascular function of SCC children seems to better cope with higher ηb compared to SCA children. Since the occurrence of vaso-occlusive like complications are less frequent in SCC than in SCA children, this finding suggests a pathophysiological link between the vascular function alteration and these clinical manifestations. In addition, our results suggested that nitric oxide metabolism plays a key role in the regulation of SVR, both in SCA and SCC.
ISSN: 1386-0291

inserm-00849031
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00849031
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00849031/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00849031/file/2013_Lamarre_-_Relationships_between_SVR_BR_and_NO_in_children_with_sickle_cell_anemia_or_sickle_cell-hemoglobin_C_disease.pdf
DOI : 10.3233/CH-121661

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
A recent study suggested that adenosine signaling pathway could promote hemolysis in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). This signaling pathway involves several gene coding enzymes for which variants have been described. In this study, we analyzed the genotype-phenotype relationships between functional polymorphisms or polymorphisms associated with altered expression of adenosine pathway genes, namely adenosine deaminase (ada; rs73598374), adenosine A2b receptor (adora2b; rs7208480), adenylyl cyclase6 (adcy6; rs3730071, rs3730070, rs7300155), and hemolytic rate in SCA patients. One hundred and fifty SCA patients were genotyped for adcy6, ada, and adora2b variants as well as alpha-globin gene, a genetic factor known to modulate hemolytic rate. Hematological and biochemical data were obtained at steady-state. Lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, reticulocytes and total bilirubin were used to calculate a hemolytic index. Genotype-phenotype relationships were investigated using parametric tests and multivariate analysis. SCA patients carrying at least one allele of adcy6 rs3730070-G exhibited lower hemolytic rate than non-carriers in univariate analysis (p=0.006). The presence of adcy6 rs3730070-G variant was associated with a decreased hemolytic rate in adjusted model for age and alpha-thalassemia (p=0.032). Our results support a protective effect of adcy6 rs3730070-G variant on hemolysis in SCA patients.
ISSN: 1079-9796

hal-01668332
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01668332
DOI : 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.02.006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Sickle cell anemia (SS) is characterized by a reduced cerebral microvascular oxygen saturation (cerebral TOI), which is not associated with hemoglobin concentration. Cerebral TOI has never been studied in sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease (SC). We focused on the relationships between hemorheological alterations and cerebral TOI in sickle cell patients with no cerebral vasculopathy and on the usefulness of TOI variability to assess the cerebral vasomotion activity. The blood rheological profile, the level of cerebral TOI (spatial resolved spectroscopy) and the cerebral TOI variability, which reflects vasomotion activity, were compared between 20 healthy subjects (AA), 21 SC patients, and 21 SS patients. Cerebral TOI exhibited the following order: AA > SC > SS. The low cerebral TOI in SS patients was related to red blood cell aggregation and deformability properties. The cerebral TOI variability of SS and SC patients was increased above healthy values and vasomotion activity was negatively associated with the reduced cerebral TOI in SS patients. We demonstrated that (1) blood rheology could be involved in the reduced cerebral TOI in SS patients but not in SC patients; (2) vasomotion activity is increased in SS and SC patients to compensate for the reduced cerebral TOI.
ISSN: 0361-8609

inserm-00838966
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00838966
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00838966/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00838966/file/2013_Waltz_American_Journalsur Hematology.pdf
DOI : 10.1002/ajh.23318

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) and hemoglobin SC (HbSC) disease are the two most common forms of sickle cell disease (SCD), a frequent hemoglobinopathy which exhibits a highly variable clinical course. Although high levels of microparticles (MPs) have been consistently reported in SCA and evidence of their harmful impact on the SCA complication occurrences have been provided, no data on MP pattern in HbSC patients has been reported so far. In this study, we determined and compared the MP patterns of 84 HbSC and 96 SCA children, all at steady-state, using flow cytometry. Most of circulating MPs were derived from platelets (PLTs) and red blood cells (RBCs) in the two SCD syndromes. Moreover, we showed that HbSC patients exhibited lower blood concentration of total MPs compared to SCA patients, resulting mainly from a decrease of MP levels originated from RBCs and to a lesser extent from PLTs. We did not detect any association between blood MP concentrations and the occurrence of painful vaso-occlusive crises, acute chest syndrome and pulmonary hyper-tension in both patient groups. We also demonstrated for the first time, that whatever the considered genotype, RBC-derived MPs exhibited higher externalized phosphatidylserine level and were larger than PLT-derived MPs.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01668322
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01668322
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01668322/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01668322/file/journal.pone.0177397.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0177397