Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Masson
Résumé : National audience
Started in 2015 in Brazil, an outbreak linked to a little known arbovirus, Zika virus spread throughout Latin America. This virus, considered until recently as responsible of only mild symptoms, made mention of previously unsuspected complications, with severe neurological manifestations in adults and malformations of the central nervous system, including microcephaly, in newborns of mother infected during the pregnancy. While the continent is more accustomed to the succession of arbovirus epidemics, suspected complications and the many unknowns keys of the latter arriving raise many public health issues. French Guiana, a French territory located in the north-east of the continent, combines both European level of resources and climate and issues specific to the Amazon region and Latin America. We discuss here the issues for 2016 Zika virus epidemic in our region, many of them are generalizable to neighboring countries.
ISSN: 0037-9085

inserm-01422054
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01422054
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01422054/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01422054/file/2016%2C%20Epelboin%20-%20%C3%89pid%C3%A9mie%20de%20virus%20Zika%20en%20Am%C3%A9rique%20latine%20-%20quels%20enjeux%20pour%20la%20Guyane%20%281%29.pdf
DOI : 10.1007/s13149-016-0490-5

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag (Germany)
Résumé : International audience
Mount Pinatubo volcano erupted in June 1991 in the main island of Luzon belonging to the Philippines archipelago. Huge economic losses and population exodus have followed. This major crisis has been relayed with other crises due to rainfed lahars which have been supplied with eruption deposits. These lahars have occurred every year since 1991 during the rainy season. They will probably last until 2005. After a brief presentation of the Philippine official response system to disasters, this paper draws up a critical analysis of the different kinds of institutional and social responses deployed to manage the different crisis and post-crisis phases of this event. Based on three viewpoints: from population, media and other actors, this analysis attempts to point out the strengths and weaknesses of the official management system, especially by studying the efficiency and the range of the solutions taken. So, it appears that the management of the June 1991 main crisis (eruption) was a success. On the other hand, difficulties have occurred with lahars risk management. Indeed, these lahars have obliged the authorities to protect and relocate thousands of people. In spite of persistent problems, the management system (monitoring/warning/evacuation) of lahar crises improves year after year. Failures appear especially within the rehabilitation program (protection/rehousing). Many direct (lack of means, preparedness, coordination, dialog,
etc.) and indirect (politico-administrative, socio-economic, cultural contexts) factors come together to lock the wheels of
the institutional response system. They defer the socio-economic start of this vital northern Philippines area.
GeoJournal

halshs-00119436
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00119436
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00119436/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : International audience
In a recent paper, we gave a topological description of Colombeau type algebras introducing algebras of sequences with exponential weights. Embeddings of Schwartz spaces into the Colombeau algebra G are well known, but for ultradistribution and periodic hyperfunction type spaces we give new constructions. We show that the multiplication of regular enough functions (smooth, ultradifferentiable or quasianalytic), embedded into corresponding algebras, is the ordinary multiplication.
ISSN: 0305-0041

hal-00758568
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00758568
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00758568/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00758568/file/DHPV2-9sep03-singlespaced.pdf
DOI : 10.1017/S0305004104007923

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Mathematical Society
Résumé : International audience
A topological description of various generalized function algebras over corresponding basic locally convex algebras is given. The framework consists of algebras of sequences with appropriate ultra( pseudo)metrics defined by sequences of exponential weights. Such an algebra with embedded Dirac's delta distribution induces discrete topology on the basic space. This result is in analogy to Schwartz' impossibility result concerning multiplication of distributions.
ISSN: 0002-9939

hal-00758571
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00758571
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00758571/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00758571/file/0206039v1.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: In Guadeloupe and Martinique, two French Overseas Departments, colorectal cancer (CRC) has become an essential public health issue. However, little is known about CRC characteristics and the p53 status in these populations, particularly in Guadeloupe, whereas certification of a cancer registry has been recently validated. METHODS: This was a descriptive retrospective study of 201 patients who, between 1995 and 2000, underwent surgery for CRC in the Guadeloupe Teaching Hospital (GlpeTH; 83 patients) and in the Martinique Teaching Hospital (MqueTH; 118 patients). The clinicopathological features and the p53 expression, evaluated with immunohistochemistry, were compared at the time of diagnosis. A relationship between these parameters and the p53 expression was also studied. Data were analysed, using the SPSS computer software version 17.0. RESULTS: No statistical difference was found between the two groups of patients regarding age (p = 0.60), percentage of young patients (<=50 years; p = 0.94)), sex (p = 0.47), histological type (p = 0.073) and tumour sites (p = 0.65), although the GlpeTH patients were diagnosed with more distal colon cancers (54.2%) than the Mque TH patients (47.4%). By contrast, a significant difference was found regarding the tumour grade (p < 0.0001), the pTNM stage (p = 0.045) and the pT stage (p < 0.0001). Regarding p53 expression, solely for the MqueTH patients, nuclear expression was associated with pTNM, the percentage of p53 negative tumours increasing with the progression of the pTNM stages (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, this study reveals discrepancies in clinicopathological features and in the p53 status between the two groups of patients. The GlpeTH patients were diagnosed with more moderated CRCs but with few CRCs at pTNM IV stage. By contrast, the MqueTH patients were diagnosed with more differentiated tumours, but with many more CRCs at pTNM IV stage. This paradox may be due to differences in tumour location (distal vs proximal), multiplicity of the genetic profiles of patients, or patients getting treatment elsewhere. Although our study is limited due to its small size, it emphasizes the originality of our results.
ISSN: 1472-6890

inserm-00971313
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00971313
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00971313/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00971313/file/1472-6890-14-12.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1472-6890-14-12

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Cahiers Savoisiens de Géographie

halshs-00119469
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00119469

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Although coral reefs support the largest concentrations of marine biodiversity worldwide, the extent to which the global system of marine-protected areas (MPAs) represents individual species and the breadth of evolutionary history across the Tree of Life has never been quantified. Here we show that only 5.7% of scleractinian coral species and 21.7% of labrid fish species reach the minimum protection target of 10% of their geographic ranges within MPAs. We also estimate that the current global MPA system secures only 1.7% of the Tree of Life for corals, and 17.6% for fishes. Regionally, the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific show the greatest deficit of protection for corals while for fishes this deficit is located primarily in the Western Indian Ocean and in the Central Pacific. Our results call for a global coordinated expansion of current conservation efforts to fully secure the Tree of Life on coral reefs.
ISSN: 2041-1723

hal-01282920
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282920
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282920/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282920/file/ncomms10359.pdf
DOI : 10.1038/ncomms10359

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis
Résumé : International audience
We review our recent formulation of Colombeau-type algebras as Hausdorff sequence spaces with ultranorms, defined by sequences of exponential weights. We extend previous results and give new perspectives related to echelon-type spaces, possible generalizations, asymptotic algebras, concepts of association, and applications thereof.
ISSN: 1065-2469

hal-00758570
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00758570
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00758570/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00758570/file/0705.2739v1.pdf
DOI : 10.1080/10652460500437807