Extrait de : Manuel d'histoire d'Haïti (Page 266)
Résumé : Portrait du général haïtien Delva. Il intrigua avec d'autres opposants en vue de renverser Pétion, au pouvoir dans le Sud d'Haïti au moment de la division du pays qui suivit l'indépendance de 1804.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/PAP110770276i2
PAP110770276i2

Éditeur(s) : Bibliothèque Universitaire
Description : Le mercredi 16 décembre 2020, la BU Martinique a accueilli "La Voix de l'Esclave", par l'ensemble musical Vox Caribaei, avec Alexandra Déglise, Jean-Damien Poullet, Edmée Djaka, sous la coordination musicale d'Eric Martinel. Ce spectacle-théâtre d'ombres au cours duquel interviennent trois musiciens, une comédienne et des personnages miniatures, est conçu comme une recréation de l'univers sonore des esclaves, entre la fin du 17ème et le début du 19ème siècles.

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V21002
V21002

Éditeur(s) : Direction Générale des Travaux Publics Direction Générale des Travaux Publics ( Haiti )
Résumé : This collection of over 5,000 black and white photographs held by the National Archives of Haiti dates from 1918 to 1945. It contains images of public buildings before and after restoration, public works, monuments, and the visits of U.S. Presidents and other officials.
Haiti

Droits : All rights reserved by the National Archives of Haiti.
7741

Éditeur(s) : OHM : Observatoire Hommes/Milieux Oyapock CNRS
Extrait de : Séminaire de restitution des recherches 2016-2017 Observatoire hommes/milieux Oyapock, le 1er décembre 2017. Université de Guyane
Description : En l'absence de Patrick Perez, souffrant durant la restitution, Damien Davy expose les conclusions des travaux du chercheur et rappelle que cette étude est consultable via le portail HAL à l'adresse suivante : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01612477/document (Note de l'équipe Manioc Guyane)
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 16
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V18236
V18236

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : In a perfect-deficit approach (Yi, 2012), the daily maximum carbon storage capacity (CPC) of a given ecosystem for each year defines the perfect annual CPC curve. Deficits are the differences in the daily observational data for a given year against a perfect curve. The area between this curve and instantaneous canopy photosynthetic rates represents the potential productivity. Using an 11-year (2004 – 2014) eddy covariance flux and meteorological data, this perfect-deficit approach was used to examine the relationship between potential productivity and droughts occurring in 2005 and 2010 in a tropical rainforest of French Guiana, South America. Surprisingly, CPC deficits were only reduced by 24% (2005) and 19% (2010) from their respective perfect CPCs, indicating a subtle effect of drought to ecosystem productivity. Highest precipitation occurred in 2010 but precipitation deficits dropped drastically during this year (71% reduction from its perfect value) which reflects a drought condition. However, its deficits showed no correlation annually and seasonally. Soil water content (SWC) appeared to be the single driver for CPC deficits during long dry periods but is weakly correlated (r = 0.30; P <0.01 and r = 0.31; P <0.01, in 2005 and 2010, respectively). These results indicate that soil water is not a major limiting factor for productivity of this ecosystem during drought periods. In contrast, global radiation (Rg) corresponds to the peak of CPC deficits in 2010, but only 19% had been reduced from its ideal value. Yet, highest gross primary production (GPP) of 4106±231 gCm−2yr−1 occurred this year (mean 3753±231 gCm−2yr−1). Therefore, smaller deficits in Rg coupled with sufficient water may have induced higher productivity in 2010. Nevertheless, weaker correlations between potential productivity and climatic drivers may imply that other controlling aspects such as biological constraints may also have an effect to the dynamics of potential productivity during drought events, hence, must also be considered.
AGU Fall Meeting 2015
San Francisco, United States

hal-01269439
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01269439
PRODINRA : 338570

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles IRD : Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
Extrait de : Les rencontres culturelles de la BU 2016-2017. Université des Antilles
Description : Les chercheurs Damien Devault (Université Paris-Sud - Université des Antilles), Hervé Macarie (IRD-IMBE) et Jan Dolfing (Université de Newcastle) présentent l'état de la question. Ces échanges constituent un prolongement utile aux travaux du 44ème congrès du Groupe français des pesticides réuni en Martinique en 2014. Dans un article bilan publié dans Sciences au Sud, le journal de l'IRD, Hervé Macarie notait ainsi : " Lors du congrès, une équipe menée par le BRGM (...) a montré la possibilité de diminuer significativement la teneur en chlordécone du nitisol, l'un des principaux types de sols antillais concernés par ce type de contamination. L'expérience validée auparavant en laboratoire par le BRGM, est actuellement testée sur une parcelle de bananeraie en Martinique. Les premiers résultats, discutés lors du congrès, indiquent une diminution de la concentration de 54 à 68% après 94 jours..."
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16292
V16292

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Ecological Society of America
Résumé : We investigated the relationship between habitat association and physiological performance in four congeneric species pairs exhibiting contrasting distributions between seasonally flooded and terra firme habitats in lowland tropical rain forests of French Guiana, including Virola and Iryanthera (Myristicaceae), Symphonia (Clusiaceae), and Eperua (Caesalpiniaceae). We analyzed 10-year data sets of mapped and measured saplings (stems 150 cm in height and <10 cm diameter at breast height [dbh]) and trees (stems 10 cm dbh) across 37.5 ha of permanent plots covering a 300-ha zone, within which seasonally flooded areas (where the water table never descends below 1 m) have been mapped. Additionally, we tested the response of growth, survival, and leaf functional traits of these species to drought and flood stress in a controlled experiment. We tested for habitat preference using a modification of the torus translation method. Strong contrasting associations of the species pairs of Iryanthera, Virola, and Symphonia were observed at the sapling stage, and these associations strengthened for the tree stage. Neither species of Eperua was significantly associated with flooded habitats at the sapling stage, but E. falcata was significantly and positively associated with flooded forests at the tree stage, and trees of E. grandiflora were found almost exclusively in nonflooded habitats. Differential performance provided limited explanatory support for the observed habitat associations, with only congeners of Iryanthera exhibiting divergent sapling survival and tree growth. Seedlings of species associated with flooded forest tended to have higher photosynthetic capacity than their congeners at field capacity. In addition, they tended to have the largest reductions in leaf gas exchange and growth rate in response to experimental drought stress and the least reductions in response to experimental inundation. The corroboration of habitat association with differences in functional traits and, to a lesser extent, measures of performance provides an explanation for the regional coexistence of these species pairs. We suggest that specialization to seasonally flooded habitats may explain patterns of adaptive radiation in many tropical tree genera and thereby provide a substantial contribution to regional tree diversity.
ISSN: 0012-9658

hal-01031746
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01031746

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Up-to-date estimates of the health outcomes of preterm children are needed for assessing perinatal care, informing parents, making decisions about care, and providing evidence for clinical guidelines. To determine survival and neonatal morbidity of infants born from 22 through 34 completed weeks' gestation in France in 2011 and compare these outcomes with a comparable cohort in 1997. The EPIPAGE-2 study is a national, prospective, population-based cohort study conducted in all maternity and neonatal units in France in 2011. A total of 2205 births (stillbirths and live births) and terminations of pregnancy at 22 through 26 weeks' gestation, 3257 at 27 through 31 weeks, and 1234 at 32 through 34 weeks were studied. Cohort data were collected from January 1 through December 31, 1997, and from March 28 through December 31, 2011. Analyses for 1997 were run for the entire year and then separately for April to December; the rates for survival and morbidities did not differ. Data are therefore presented for the whole year in 1997 and the 8-month and 6-month periods in 2011. Survival to discharge and survival without any of the following adverse outcomes: grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity (stage 3 or higher), or necrotizing enterocolitis (stages 2-3). A total of 0.7% of infants born before 24 weeks' gestation survived to discharge: 31.2% of those born at 24 weeks, 59.1% at 25 weeks, and 75.3% at 26 weeks. Survival rates were 93.6% at 27 through 31 weeks and 98.9% at 32 through 34 weeks. Infants discharged home without severe neonatal morbidity represented 0% at 23 weeks, 11.6% at 24 weeks, 30.0% at 25 weeks, 47.5% at 26 weeks, 81.3% at 27 through 31 weeks, and 96.8% at 32 through 34 weeks. Compared with 1997, the proportion of infants surviving without severe morbidity in 2011 increased by 14.4% (P < .001) at 25 through 29 weeks and 6% (P < .001) at 30 through 31 weeks but did not change appreciably for those born at less than 25 weeks. The rates of antenatal corticosteroid use, induced preterm deliveries, cesarean deliveries, and surfactant use increased significantly in all gestational-age groups, except at 22 through 23 weeks. The substantial improvement in survival in France for newborns born at 25 through 31 weeks' gestation was accompanied by an important reduction in severe morbidity, but survival remained rare before 25 weeks. Although improvement in survival at extremely low gestational age may be possible, its effect on long-term outcomes requires further studies. The long-term results of the EPIPAGE-2 study will be informative in this regard.
ISSN: 2168-6211

hal-01258705
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-01258705
PUBMED : 25621457
DOI : 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.3351

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union
Résumé : International audience
The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is < 2000 mm yr(-1) (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall < 2000 mm yr(-1).
ISSN: 1726-4170

hal-01557759
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01557759
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01557759/document
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01557759/file/bg-13-2537-2016.pdf
DOI : 10.5194/bg-13-2537-2016