Éditeur(s) : CARDI : Caribbean Agricultural Rechearch and Development Institute Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : Banana and plantain (Musa spp) are important foreign exchange earners in Guyana and the Windward Islands of the Caribbean. Black Sigatoka Disease (BSD) also referred to as black leaf streak disease is one of the most destructive diseases of banana and plantain and is present within the region. In Guyana within two years following its introduction in 2008, the industry was totally decimated, recording a 100% decline, turning the country to a net banana importer. Also, from 2009 ? 2012 the disease spread in the Windward Islands causing as much as 100% decrease in the export of banana. The disease is caused by the ascomycete fungus, Mycosphaerella fijiensis (anamorph Pseudocercospora fijiensis) and is aggressive, challenging to control and results in enormous crop damage if left uncontrolled. In an effort to develop an integrated management approach to the disease the Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) with financial assistance from the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) is evaluating five FHIA banana and plantain accessions and eight IITA plantain accessions for tolerance to BSD. The evaluation is presently conducted in four Caribbean countries, Dominica, Guyana, St Lucia and St Vincent and the Grenadines. In each country, four distinct agro- ecological zones were selected for the trial evaluation blocks and using a randomized block design, four blocks were established in each country. Five FHIA accessions: FHIA-01, FHIA-03, FHIA-18, FHIA-21 and FHIA-23 are being evaluated in Dominica, St Lucia and St Vincent and the Grenadines whereas, plantain accessions: PITA-17, PITA-21, PITA-22, PITA-23, PITA-24 and PITA-26 are to be evaluated in Guyana for tolerance to the disease. Cavendish are used as regional controls and as borders rows to increase disease pressure. The disease parameters evaluated are youngest leaf spotted (YLS), disease development time (DDT), leaf emission rate (LER), disease severity at 6 months, bunch emergence and harvest, and index of standing leaves. Agronomic data; days from planting to flowering, bunch weight, number of hands in bunch, average weight of hands and average number of fingers per hand and bunch, as well as organoleptic characteristics of both cooked and ripe fruits are also evaluated. The early data collection, of the FHIA only accessions, show trends in the disease tolerance and agronomic performance as well as their adaptability in the different agro-ecological zone. The trends indicate better disease tolerance of FHIA varieties with higher leaf counts before, at bunching and at harvest. The organoleptic test shows a preference to FHIA 03 and FHIA 21. La banane et le plantain (espèces de Musa) sont les acquéreurs de devises étrangères importants en Guyane et en Îles du Vent des Caraïbe. La maladie noire de Sigatoka (schéma) également désignée sous le nom de la maladie noire de filet de feuille est l'une des maladies les plus destructives de la banane et du plantain et est présente dans la région. En Guyane dans un délai de deux ans après son introduction en 2008, l'industrie a été totalement décimée, enregistrant une baisse de 100%, tournant le pays à un importateur net de banane. En outre, à partir de 2009-2012 la propagation de maladie en Îles du Vent causant pas moins de la diminution de 100% de l'exportation de la banane. La maladie est provoquée par le champignon d'ascomycète, fijiensis de Mycosphaerella (fijiensis anamorph de Pseudocercospora) et est agressive, contestant pour commander et les résultats dans l'énorme culture endommagent si laissé incontrôlé. Dans un effort de développer une approche intégrée de gestion à la maladie l'institut agricole des Caraïbes de recherche et développement (CARDI) avec l'aide financière de la banque de développement des Caraïbes (BDC) évalue des adhésions de banane et de plantain de cinq FHIA et huit adhésions de plantain d'IITA pour la tolérance au schéma. L'évaluation est actuellement effectuée quatre pays des Caraïbes, Dominique, Guyane, St Lucia et Saint-Vincent-et-les Grenadines. Dans chaque pays, quatre agro zones écologiques distinctes ont été sélectionnées pour les blocs d'essai d'évaluation et employant une conception de bloc randomisé, quatre blocs ont été établis dans chaque pays. Cinq adhésions de FHIA : FHIA-01, FHIA-03, FHIA-18, FHIA-21 et FHIA-23 sont évalués en Dominique, au St Lucia et au Saint-Vincent-et-les Grenadines tandis que, des adhésions de plantain : PITA-17, PITA-21, PITA-22, PITA-23, PITA-24 et PITA-26 doivent être évalués en Guyane pour la tolérance à la maladie. Cavendish sont employés en tant que contrôles régionaux et comme rangées de frontières pour augmenter la pression de la maladie. Les paramètres de la maladie évalués sont la plus jeune feuille repérée (YLS), le temps d'élaboration de la maladie (DDT), le taux d'émission de feuille (LER), la sévérité de la maladie à 6 mois, émergences et récoltes de groupe, et index des feuilles debout. Données agronomiques ; des jours de la plantation à la floraison, du poids de groupe, nombre de mains dans le poids de groupe et moyen des mains et du nombre moyen de doigts par main et groupe, aussi bien que les caractéristiques organoleptiques des fruits cuits et mûrs sont également évalués. La collecte de données tôt, des adhésions de FHIA seulement, exposition tend dans la tolérance de maladie et la représentation agronomique aussi bien que leur adaptabilité dans la zone agro-écologique différente. Les tendances indiquent qu'une meilleure tolérance de maladie des variétés de FHIA avec une plus haute feuille compte avant, à se rassembler et à la récolte. L'essai organoleptique montre une préférence à FHIA 03 et à FHIA 21.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16266
V16266

Éditeur(s) : University of the West Indies Cave Hill/University of Reading University of the West Indies Cave Hill/University of Reading ( Barbados )
Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
Outline from the website at http://www.reading.ac.uk/minorities/Projects/min-project-breaking-sexual-silences.aspx In recent years, some of the most urgent and highly-charged public and political debates in the Caribbean have centred on sexual citizenship and gay rights. To date, popular cultural forms and the acute homophobia of the dancehall have dominated national and international attention. The very public exchanges between Caribbean musicians and western-based gay rights campaigners have given the region a reputation for homophobia, intolerance and hate crimes. This project seeks to shift the axes of these debates by drawing on a recent body of Caribbean creative writing that addresses issues of sexual self-determination and sexual diversity in a more positive and progressive way. It will make visible the possibilities for understanding sexual differences and the modes of reconciliation to be found in a literary archive. The project will also engage a group of Caribbean scholars across other disciplines to develop a new language for articulating sexual difference. It will stage a panel debate for a Caribbean public, as well as producing academic publications and supporting graduate work.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O. U.S. G.P.O. : ( Washington ) For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.
Résumé : (System Details) Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.
Shipping list no.: 2007-0058-P.
"Serial no. 109-217."
Haiti
United States
Developing countries
Developing countries
Haïti
États-Unis
Pays en voie de développement
Pays en voie de développement

679342650

Éditeur(s) : Breaking Sexual Silences Project - University of Reading/ University of West Indies Breaking Sexual Silences Project - University of Reading/ University of West Indies ( Barbados )
Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
In recent years, some of the most urgent and highly-charged public and political debates in the Caribbean have centred on sexual citizenship and gay rights. To date, popular cultural forms and the acute homophobia of the dancehall have dominated national and international attention. The very public exchanges between Caribbean musicians and western-based gay rights campaigners have given the region a reputation for homophobia, intolerance and hate crimes. This project seeks to shift the axes of these debates by drawing on a recent body of Caribbean creative writing that addresses issues of sexual self-determination and sexual diversity in a more positive and progressive way. It will make visible the possibilities for understanding sexual differences and the modes of reconciliation to be found in a literary archive. The project will also engage a group of Caribbean scholars across other disciplines to develop a new language for articulating sexual difference. It will stage a panel debate for a Caribbean public, as well as producing academic publications and supporting graduate work.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : University of the West Indies Cave Hill/University of Reading University of the West Indies Cave Hill/University of Reading ( Barbados )
Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
Outline In recent years, some of the most urgent and highly-charged public and political debates in the Caribbean have centred on sexual citizenship and gay rights. To date, popular cultural forms and the acute homophobia of the dancehall have dominated national and international attention. The very public exchanges between Caribbean musicians and western-based gay rights campaigners have given the region a reputation for homophobia, intolerance and hate crimes. This project seeks to shift the axes of these debates by drawing on a recent body of Caribbean creative writing that addresses issues of sexual self-determination and sexual diversity in a more positive and progressive way. It will make visible the possibilities for understanding sexual differences and the modes of reconciliation to be found in a literary archive. The project will also engage a group of Caribbean scholars across other disciplines to develop a new language for articulating sexual difference. It will stage a panel debate for a Caribbean public, as well as producing academic publications and supporting graduate work.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : L'Illustration L'Illustration ( [Paris] )
Résumé : Shows snipers in top of palm exchanging gunfire with Spanish troops on the ground.
Page from L'Illustration, v. 52, no. 2734 (July 20, 1895).
Cuba

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
1998-363-5

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles et de la Guyane CEREGMIA : Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche en Economie, Gestion et Modélisation Informatique Appliquée
Extrait de : "The changing world of coastal, island and tropical tourism" : conférence internationale, du 27 au 29 janvier 2011. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Description : The globalization process, accelerating in the last 20 years, has raised important developmental stakes : on the one hand, economic questions with the multiplication of exchanges and its concentration in certain regions of the world; on the other hand globalization has also raised important social issues, with the acceleration of demographic flux and the whole question of "inclusion" associated with this; the issues are also environmental, through increased needs and resource limitations. Tourism represents the ideal vector of this globalization and the stakes it represents. By focusing on international tourism in a country in the South, this article seeks to better understand the stakes involved in developing international tourism resources, by seeking an answer to the question : In what ways can ecotourism constitute a real strategy for economic development, poverty alleviation, and contribute to economic growth and the protection of natural resources ? We will be examining this question in the context the Ranomafana National Park in Madagascar.

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Provenance : Université des Antilles et de la Guyane. Service commun de la documentation
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/HASH29f953af13018e4196aff5
HASH29f953af13018e4196aff5

Éditeur(s) : Breaking Sexual Silences Project - University of Reading/ University of West Indies Breaking Sexual Silences Project - University of Reading/ University of West Indies ( Barbados )
Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
In recent years, some of the most urgent and highly-charged public and political debates in the Caribbean have centred on sexual citizenship and gay rights. To date, popular cultural forms and the acute homophobia of the dancehall have dominated national and international attention. The very public exchanges between Caribbean musicians and western-based gay rights campaigners have given the region a reputation for homophobia, intolerance and hate crimes. This project seeks to shift the axes of these debates by drawing on a recent body of Caribbean creative writing that addresses issues of sexual self-determination and sexual diversity in a more positive and progressive way. It will make visible the possibilities for understanding sexual differences and the modes of reconciliation to be found in a literary archive. The project will also engage a group of Caribbean scholars across other disciplines to develop a new language for articulating sexual difference. It will stage a panel debate for a Caribbean public, as well as producing academic publications and supporting graduate work.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh
Résumé : Boundary Exchange (BE - exchange of elements between continental margins and the open ocean) has been emphasized as a key process in the oceanic cycle of neodymium (Nd) (Lacan and Jeandel, 2005a). Here, we use a regional eddy-permitting resolution Ocean General Circulation Model (1/4A degrees) of the North Atlantic basin to simulate the distribution of the Nd isotopic composition, considering BE as the only source. Results show good agreement with the data, confirming previous results obtained using the same parameterization of the source in a coarse resolution global model (Arsouze et al., 2007), and therefore the major control played by the BE processes in the Nd cycle on the regional scale. We quantified the exchange rate of the BE, and found that the time needed for the continental margins to significantly imprint the chemical composition of the surrounding seawater (further referred as characteristic exchange time) is of the order of 0.2 years. However, the timescale of the BE may be subject to large variations as a very short exchange time (a few days) is needed to reproduce the highly negative values of surface waters in the Labrador Sea, whereas a longer one (up to 0.5 years) is required to simulate the radiogenic influence of basaltic margins and distinguish the negative isotopic signatures of North Atlantic Deep Water from the more radiogenic southern origin water masses. This likely represents geographical variations in erosion fluxes and the subsequent particle load onto the continental margins. Although the parameterization of the BE is the same in both configurations of the model, the characteristic exchange time in the eddy-permitting configuration is significantly lower than the previous evaluations using a low resolution configuration (6 months to 10 years), but however in agreement with the available seawater Nd isotope data. This results highlights the importance of the model dynamics in simulating the BE process.
Ocean Science (1812-0784) (Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh), 2010 , Vol. 6 , N. 3 , P. 789-797

Droits : Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed, EGU
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00013/12412/9201.pdf
DOI:10.5194/os-6-789-2010
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00013/12412/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Society for Range Management
Résumé : Grasslands and agroecosystems occupy one-third of the terrestrial area, but their contribution to the global carbon cycle remains uncertain. We used a set of 316 site-years of CO(2) exchange measurements to quantify gross primary productivity, respiration, and light-response parameters of grasslands, shrublands/savanna, wetlands, and cropland ecosystems worldwide. We analyzed data from 72 global flux-tower sites partitioned into gross photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration with the use of the light-response method (Gilmanov, T. G., D. A. Johnson, and N. Z. Saliendra. 2003. Growing season CO(2) fluxes in a sagebrushsteppe ecosystem in Idaho: Bowen ratio/energy balance measurements and modeling. Basic and Applied Ecology 4:167-183) from the RANGEFLUX and WORLDGRASSAGRIFLUX data sets supplemented by 46 sites from the FLUXNET La Thuile data set partitioned with the use of the temperature-response method (Reichstein, M., E. Falge, D. Baldocchi, D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, P. Berbigier, C. Bernhofer, N. Buchmann, M. Falk, T. Gilmanov, A. Granier, T. Grunwald, K. Havrankova, D. Janous, A. Knohl, T. Laurela, A. Lohila, D. Loustau, G. Matteucci, T. Meyers, F. Miglietta, J.M. Ourcival, D. Perrin, J. Pumpanen, S. Rambal, E. Rotenberg, M. Sanz, J. Tenhunen, G. Seufert, F. Vaccari, T. Vesala, and D. Yakir. 2005. On the separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and ecosystem respiration: review and improved algorithm. Global Change Biology 11: 1.424-1439). Maximum values of the quantum yield (alpha = 75 mmol.mol(-1)), photosynthetic capacity (A(max) = 3.4 mg CO(2) . m(-2).s-1), gross photosynthesis (P(g,max) = 1.16 g CO(2) . m(-2).d(-1)), and ecological light-use efficiency (epsilon(ecol) = 59 mmol . mol(-1)) of managed grasslands and high-production croplands exceeded those of most forest ecosystems, indicating the potential of nonforest ecosystems for uptake of atmospheric CO(2). Maximum values of gross primary production (8 600 g CO(2) . m(-2).yr(-1)), total ecosystem respiration (7 900 g CO(2) . m(-2).yr(-1)), and net CO(2) exchange (2 400 g CO(2) . m(-2).yr(-1)) were observed for intensively managed grasslands and high-yield crops, and are comparable to or higher than those for forest ecosystems, excluding some tropical forests. On average, 80% of the nonforest sites were apparent sinks for atmospheric CO(2), with mean net uptake of 700 g CO(2) . m(-2).yr(-1) for intensive grasslands and 933 g CO(2) . m(-2).d(-1) for croplands. However, part of these apparent sinks is accumulated in crops and forage, which are carbon pools that are harvested, transported, and decomposed off site. Therefore, although agricultural fields may be predominantly sinks for atmospheric CO(2), this does not imply that they are necessarily increasing their carbon stock.
ISSN: 1550-7424

hal-01190754
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01190754
DOI : 10.2111/rem-d-09-00072.1
PRODINRA : 214043

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: The effects of pressure-controlled (PC) ventilation on the ventilatory and haemodynamic parameters during laparoscopy procedures had not been carefully assessed. This prospective cross-over study was undertaken to compare how volume-controlled (VC) and PC modes could affect pulmonary mechanics, gas exchange, and cardiac function in patients undergoing laparoscopy. METHODS: Twenty-one patients undergoing laparoscopic urological procedures had their lungs ventilated at the beginning with VC ventilation. PC ventilation was instituted at the end of the VC sequence. Ventilator settings were adjusted to keep tidal volume, respiratory rate, and Fi(o(2)) constant in every mode. A complete set of ventilatory, haemodynamic, and gas exchange parameters was obtained under VC after 40 min of pneumoperitoneum and 20 min after switching for PC. Transoesophageal echocardiography was performed in order to evaluate systolic and diastolic function of the heart. RESULTS: When VC was switched to PC, peak airway pressure decreased [mean (sd) 32 (6) vs 27 (6) cm H(2)O; P < 0.0001], peak inspiratory flow increased [17 (3) vs 48 (8) litre min(-1); P < 0.0001), and dynamic compliance improved [+15 (8)%]. No difference was noted for static airway pressure, static compliance, and arterial oxygenation. No significant change could be demonstrated in the systolic [left ventricular end-systolic wall stress 66 (16) vs 63 (14) x 10(3) dyn cm(-2) m(-2)] or diastolic function [early diastolic velocity 10.3 (2.5) vs 10.5 (2.7) cm s(-1)]. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, no short-term beneficial effect of PC ventilation could be demonstrated over conventional VC ventilation in patients with pneumoperitoneum.
BJA

hal-00689758
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00689758
DOI : 10.1093/bja/aem166
PUBMED : 17626027

Éditeur(s) : M. Giard & E. Brière M. Giard & E. Brière ( Paris )
Résumé : At head of title: J.-B. Dorsainvil.
Haiti
Haiti

01845229
25025621
ocm01845229

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles et de la Guyane CEREGMIA : Centre d'études et de recherche en économie, gestion et modélisation informatique appliquée Université des Antilles et de la Guyane CEREGMIA : Centre d'études et de recherche en économie, gestion et modélisation informatique appliquée
Résumé : The globalization process, accelerating in the last 20 years, has raised important developmental stakes : on the one hand, economic questions with the multiplication of exchanges and its concentration in certain regions of the world; on the other hand globalization has also raised important social issues, with the acceleration of demographic flux and the whole question of "inclusion" associated with this; the issues are also environmental, through increased needs and resource limitations. Tourism represents the ideal vector of this globalization and the stakes it represents. By focusing on international tourism in a country in the South, this article seeks to better understand the stakes involved in developing international tourism resources, by seeking an answer to the question : In what ways can ecotourism constitute a real strategy for economic development, poverty alleviation, and contribute to economic growth and the protection of natural resources ? We will be examining this question in the context the Ranomafana National Park in Madagascar.

Droits : Document protégé par le droit d'auteur
fichiers:HASH29f953af13018e4196aff5

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Meconium is the first fecal excretion of newborns. This complex accumulative matrix allows assessing the exposure of the fetus to xenobiotics during the last 6 months of pregnancy. To determine the eventual effect of fetal exposure to micropollutants in this matrix, robust and sensitive analytical methods must be developed. This article describes the method development of liquid chromatography methods coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for relevant pollutants. The 28 selected target compounds had different physico-chemical properties from very polar (glyphosate) to non-polar molecules (pyrethroids). Tests were performed with three different types of columns: reversed phase, ion exchange and HILIC. As a unique method could not be determined for the simultaneous analysis of all compounds, three columns were selected and suitable chromatographic methods were optimized. Similar results were noticed for the separation of the target compounds dissolved in either meconium extract or solvent for reversed phase and ion exchange columns. However, for HILIC, the matrix had a significant influence on the peak shape and robustness of the method. Finally, the analytical methods were applied to “real” meconium samples.
ISSN: 0039-9140

hal-01141722
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01141722
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01141722/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01141722/file/Development%20of%20liquid%20chromatography%20%281%29.pdf
PUBMED : 25863396

Éditeur(s) : Yale University
Résumé : Data from a hydrographic section carried out in January-March 1994 offshore from the eastern coast of South America from 50S to 10N, are used to quantify the full-depth exchanges of water between the western boundary currents and the ocean interior. In the upper and intermediate layers, the westward transport associated with the southern branch of the South Equatorial Current was 49 Sv at the time of the cruise. The transports of the central and northern branches in the upper 200 m were 17 Sv and 12 Sv, respectively. After subtraction of the parts that recirculate in the subtropical, subequatorial, and equatorial domains, the fraction of the South Equatorial Current that effectively contributes to the warm water export to the North Atlantic is estimated at 18 Sv. The poleward boundary of the current southern branch is at 31S through the whole thickness of the subtropical gyre, but the latitude of the northern boundary varies from 7 degrees 30'S at the surface to 27S at 1400 m depth. The estimated latitude of its bifurcation into the Brazil Current and North Brazil Undercurrent also varies downward from about 14S at the surface to 28S at a depth of 600 m.In the North Atlantic Deep Water, eastward flows exceeding 10 Sv are observed at 3 degrees -4 degrees of latitude in both hemispheres, at 10S, and at 34S-30S. Between 4S and 17S, a net westward flow with an estimated transport of 19 Sv reinforces the southward deep western boundary current. Cyclonic circulations of Antarctic Bottom Water along the western boundaries of the Argentine and Brazil basins have amplitudes of 15 Sv and 13 Sv, respectively, exceeding those of the interbasin exchanges. The net alongshore transport of this water mass between the hydrographic section and the continental slope reverses to a southward direction from 13S to 27S, probably in relation with an eastward shift of the equatorward near-bottom boundary current at these latitudes.
Journal of Marine Research (0022-2402) (Yale University), 2000-11 , Vol. 58 , N. 6 , P. 1007-1039

Droits : 2000 Yale University
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2000/publication-803.pdf
DOI:10.1357/002224000763485782
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/803/

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation INCA 5Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas), Cuba
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : The methodology is supported on the basis of the experience acquired by a group of researchers, farmers and technicians from Cuba in the implementation of Participatory Plant Breeding. The proposal presents a number of methodological considerations with the necessary flexibility to allow proper application of the method and follows a logical sequence of activities to be executed in a manner that facilitates their implementation in various contexts in which it is of interest to apply. Its implementation, as such, is a learning process in action for all actors involved in it; also enables participants to understand the scale of the needs of the producers and breeding programs and dissemination of varieties in terms of the real interest of these. The methodology has 4 main phases: 1) diagnosis, 2) Collection of plant genetic resources, 3) Establishment of demonstration plots and development diversity fairs and 4) farmer experimentation. Besides the four basic stages of Participatory Plant Breeding in Cuba other tools that allowed the PPB constitute a successful process were used, these tools are: action learning as interest Schools Farmers Festivals innovation, exchange visits and retreats, capacity building of students on stage in local innovation and creation of local seed banks.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16317
V16317

Éditeur(s) : Amer Geophysical Union
Résumé : Large rivers are key hydrologic components in oceanography, particularly regarding air-sea and land-sea exchanges and biogeochemistry. We enter now in a new era of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) observing system from Space with the recent launches of the ESA Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and the NASA Aquarius/Sac-D missions. With these new sensors, we are now in an excellent position to revisit SSS and ocean color investigations in the tropical northwest Atlantic using multi-year remote sensing time series and concurrent in situ observations. The Amazon is the world's largest river in terms of discharge. In its plume, SSS and upper water column optical properties such as the absorption coefficient of colored detrital matter (acdm) are strongly negatively correlated (<-0.7). Local quasi-linear relationships between SSS and acdm are derived for these plume waters over the period of 2010-2013 using new spaceborne SSS and ocean color measurements. Results allow unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution of this coupling. These relationships are then used to estimate SSS in the Amazon plume based on ocean color satellite data. This new product is validated against SMOS and in situ data and compared with previously developed SSS retrieval models. We demonstrate the potential to estimate tropical Atlantic SSS for the extended period from 1998 to 2010, prior to spaceborne SSS data collection.
Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans (0148-0227) (Amer Geophysical Union), 2015-05 , Vol. 120 , N. 5 , P. 3177-3192

Droits : 2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00255/36610/35742.pdf
DOI:10.1002/2014JC010109
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00255/36610/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Different household insecticide applications via two electric vaporizers emitting transfluthrin were realized in a full-scale experimental room under controlled air exchange rate conditions. On-line high-time resolved measurements of the gas-phase concentrations of the active substance during and immediately after the spreading periods were performed with a High Sensitivity Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometer (HS-PTR-MS). Experimental and modelled data from the ConsExpo 4.0 software were also compared to evaluate the sources of differences. Different application scenarios were also compared. Averaged inhaled concentrations over 1h, 1week, and 5months were estimated to be 8.3, 1.8, and 1.8μg.m(-3), respectively. Corresponding margins of exposures range from 1000 to 10,000, claiming for the absence of effect. Dermal and dust ingestion pathways, although roughly estimated, seems being non-negligible. This claims for a more in-depth integrated risk assessment.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-00875320
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875320
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875320/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875320/file/Transfluthrin-indoor-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.011

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Tectonic mixing of slab- and mantle-derived materials at the interface between converging plates highly enhances fluid-mediated mass transfer from the slab to the overlying mantle. Subduction mélanges can provide information about the interaction among different slices accreted at plate interface domains, with implications on the tectonic and geochemical evolution of the plate-interface itself. At Cima di Gagnone, pelitic schists and gneiss enclose chlorite harzburgite and garnet peridotite lenses, like in subduction mélanges located in-between downgoing slabs and overlying mantle. These peridotites host MORB-type eclogite and metarodingite, and derive from dehydration of serpentinized mantle protoliths. Their enrichment in fluid-mobile B, As, Sb, U, Th is the result of an early-stage oceanic serpentinization, followed by interaction with host metasediments during subduction burial. Here we define the element exchange process in the Gagnone mélange by means of the B, Sr and Pb isotope analysis of its main lithologies (ultramafic, mafic rocks and paragneiss). The 87Sr/86Sr and 206Pb/204Pb ratios of ultramafic rocks (0.7090–0.7124 and 18.292–18.837, respectively) show enrichments in radiogenic Sr and Pb after exchange with the host paraschist (up to 0.7287 87Sr/86Sr; 18.751 206Pb/204Pb). The δ11B values of peridotites (down to −10‰) point to a combined effect of (1) 11B release to deserpentinization fluids (serpentinized protoliths likely had positive δ11B and lower radiogenic Sr, Pb), and of (2) exchange with fluids from the surrounding metasediments. The whole Gagnone rock-suite is finally overprinted by retrograde fluids that essentially bring to an increase in radiogenic Pb (about 19.0 206Pb/204Pb) and to values of 0.710 87Sr/86Sr and of −10‰ δ11B. The recognition of different stages of interaction between mantle rocks and sedimentary/crustal reservoirs allows us to define the geochemical effects related to the early coupling of such rocks along the plate-interface. Our study shows that ultramafic rocks involved in subduction-zone metamorphism and serpentinization uptake radiogenic Pb and Sr released by associated sedimentary reservoirs. The exchange process envisioned here is not only representative of subduction mélanges: it can also be a proxy of mass transfer between slab and serpentinized supra-subduction mantle, as occurs in forearcs. Dehydration of the Gagnone-type serpentinized mantle releases crust-derived components to arcs, without direct involvement of metasediment dehydration and/or melting in subarc environments. The retention of appreciable amounts of fluid-mobile elements, radiogenic Pb and Sr in dehydrated Gagnone peridotites has implications on element recycling in the deep Earth’s mantle.
ISSN: 0016-7037

hal-01174137
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174137
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2015.04.024

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Previous work has demonstrated that geoelectrical measurements, acquired either along the Earth’s surface or in boreholes, can be sensitive to the presence of fractures. However, a lack of numerical approaches that are well suited to modelling electric current flow in fractured media prevents us from systematically exploring the links between geoelectrical measurements and fractured rock properties. To address this issue, we present a highly computationally efficient methodology for the numerical simulation of geoelectrical data in 2.5-D in complex fractured domains. Our approach is based upon a discrete-dual-porosity formulation, whereby the fractures and rock matrix are treated separately and coupled through the exchange of electric current between them. We first validate our methodology against standard analytical and finite-element solutions. Subsequent use of the approach to simulate geoelectrical data for a variety of different fracture configurations demonstrates the sensitivity of these data to important parameters such as the fracture density, depth, and orientation.
ISSN: 0956-540X

hal-01622151
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01622151
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01622151/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01622151/file/sanzGJI2017.pdf
DOI : 10.1093/gji/ggx080