Éditeur(s) : CSIA : Comité de soutien aux Indiens des Amériques
Extrait de : Nitassinan, notre terre
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Droits : Ce document est protégé par le droit d'auteur. Il ne peut en aucun cas être utilisé sans l'autorisation de l'auteur et des ayant droits
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/recherch/T17014
T17014

Éditeur(s) : Musée des Cultures Guyanaises (Cayenne)
Extrait de : Rencontres transfrontalières Oyapock, les 1er et 2 décembre 2012. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Description : La production d'objets et de produits usuels ou décoratifs, particulièrement importante chez les populations amazoniennes, trouve un nouveau souffle avec le développement de l'artisanat. En effet, au delà de la dimension économique, le maintien d'une production artisanale contribue à la valorisation et à la transmission de nombreux savoirs, techniques et matériaux traditionnels. A travers les témoignages proposés dans cet atelier et les débats qui s'ensuivront, nous tenterons d'identifier les moyens mis à disposition des artisans en Guyane et au Brésil ainsi que la manière dont est structurée l'offre de produits artisanaux : les réseaux, les circuits commerciaux et les filières de distribution favorisés.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V13112
V13112

Dominique
21

Droits : Ce document est protégé par le droit d'auteur. Il ne peut en aucun cas être utilisé sans l'autorisation de l'auteur et des ayant droits
recherch:HASH01dcbda2a79ecf65c8883dbf

Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : Ce document est protégé par le droit d'auteur. Il ne peut en aucun cas être utilisé sans l'autorisation de l'auteur et des ayant droits
Provenance : Université des Antilles et de la Guyane. Service commun de la documentation
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/recherch/HASH01dcbda2a79ecf65c8883dbf
HASH01dcbda2a79ecf65c8883dbf

Éditeur(s) : Inter-research
Résumé : Vibriosis is a major disease problem in shrimp aquaculture. 'Syndrome 93' is a seasonal juvenile vibriosis caused by Vibrio penaeicida which affects Litopenaeus stylirostris in grow-out ponds in New Caledonia. This study assessed the toxic activities of extracellular products (ECPs) from V: penaeicida, V. alginolyticus and V, nigripulchritudo using in vivo injections in healthy juvenile L. stylirostris (= Penaeus stylirostris) and in vitro assays on shrimp primary cell cultures and the fish cell line epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC). Toxic effects of ECPs were demonstrated for all pathogenic Vibrio strains tested both in vivo and in vitro, but for shrimp only; no effect was observed on the fish cell line. ECP toxicity for New Caledonian V. penaeicida was found only after cultivation at low temperature (20 degrees C) and not at higher temperature (30 degrees C). This points to the fact that 'Syndrome 93' episodes are triggered by temperature drops. The assays used here demonstrate the usefulness of primary shrimp cell cultures to study virulence mechanisms of shrimp pathogenic bacteria.
Diseases Of Aquatic Organisms (0177-5103) (Inter-research), 2000-03 , Vol. 40 , N. 2 , P. 101-107

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/10543/7600.pdf
DOI:10.3354/dao040101
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/10543/

Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Droits : Ce document est protégé par le droit d'auteur. Il ne peut en aucun cas être utilisé sans l'autorisation de l'auteur et des ayant droits
Provenance : Université des Antilles et de la Guyane. Service commun de la documentation
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/recherch/HASH01e54dbbefc05ba14243e142
HASH01e54dbbefc05ba14243e142

Dominique
21

Droits : Ce document est protégé par le droit d'auteur. Il ne peut en aucun cas être utilisé sans l'autorisation de l'auteur et des ayant droits
recherch:HASH01dcbda2a79ecf65c8883dbf

Guyane Française|Saint-Elie
Guyane Française|Régina
Guyane Française|Tonnegrande
Guyane Française|Saint-Laurent du Maroni
Guyane Française|Awala-Yalimapo
Guyane Française|Mana
Guyane Française
Guyane Française|Sinnamary
Guyane Française|Kourou
Guyane Française|Macouria
Guyane Française|Cayenne
Guyane Française|Remire-Montjoly
Guyane Française|Matoury
Guyane Française|Apatou
Guyane Française|Ouanary
Guyane Française|Camopi
Guyane Française|Grand Santi
Guyane Française|Papaïchton
Guyane Française|Maripasoula
Guyane Française|Saul
Guyane Française|Roura
20

Droits : Ce document est protégé par le droit d'auteur. Il ne peut en aucun cas être utilisé sans l'autorisation de l'auteur et des ayant droits
recherch:HASH01e54dbbefc05ba14243e142

Guyane Française|Saint-Laurent du Maroni
Guyane Française|Awala-Yalimapo
Guyane Française|Mana
Guyane Française
Guyane Française|Sinnamary
Guyane Française|Kourou
Guyane Française|Macouria
Guyane Française|Cayenne
Guyane Française|Remire-Montjoly
Guyane Française|Matoury
Guyane Française|Apatou
Guyane Française|Ouanary
Guyane Française|Camopi
Guyane Française|Grand Santi
Guyane Française|Papaïchton
Guyane Française|Maripasoula
Guyane Française|Saul
Guyane Française|Roura
Guyane Française|Tonnegrande
Guyane Française|Saint-Elie
Guyane Française|Régina
20

Droits : Ce document est protégé par le droit d'auteur. Il ne peut en aucun cas être utilisé sans l'autorisation de l'auteur et des ayant droits
recherch:HASH01e54dbbefc05ba14243e142

Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science
Résumé : Subsurface sediments of the Sonora Margin (Guaymas Basin), located in proximity of active cold seep sites were explored. The taxonomic and functional diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities were investigated from 1 to 10 meters below the seafloor. Microbial community structure and abundance and distribution of dominant populations were assessed using complementary molecular approaches (Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis, 16S rRNA libraries and quantitative PCR with an extensive primers set) and correlated to comprehensive geochemical data. Moreover the metabolic potentials and functional traits of the microbial community were also identified using the GeoChip functional gene microarray and metabolic rates. The active microbial community structure in the Sonora Margin sediments was related to deep subsurface ecosystems (Marine Benthic Groups B and D, Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group, Chloroflexi and Candidate divisions) and remained relatively similar throughout the sediment section, despite defined biogeochemical gradients. However, relative abundances of bacterial and archaeal dominant lineages were significantly correlated with organic carbon quantity and origin. Consistently, metabolic pathways for the degradation and assimilation of this organic carbon as well as genetic potentials for the transformation of detrital organic matters, hydrocarbons and recalcitrant substrates were detected, suggesting that chemoorganotrophic microorganisms may dominate the microbial community of the Sonora Margin subsurface sediments.
Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2014-08 , Vol. 9 , N. 8 , P. e104427

Droits : This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00203/31408/29801.pdf
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0104427
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00203/31408/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background: HCV treatment uptake has drastically increased in HIV-HCV coinfected patients in France since direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment approval, resulting in HCV cure in 63% of all HIV-HCV patients by the end of 2015. We investigated the impact of scaling-up DAA on HCV prevalence in the whole HIV population and in various risk groups over the next 10 years in France using a transmission dynamic compartmental model.Methods: The model was based on epidemiological data from the French Dat’AIDS cohort. Eight risk groups wereconsidered, including high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) men who have sex with men (MSM) and male/female heterosexuals,intra-venous drug users, or patients from other risk groups. The model was calibrated on prevalence and incidence dataobserved in the cohort between 2012 and 2015.Results: On January 1, 2016, 156,811 patients were registered as infected with HIV in France (24,900 undiagnosedpatients) of whom 7938 (5.1%) had detectable HCV-RNA (722 undiagnosed patients). Assuming a treatmentcoverage (TC) rate of 30%/year (i.e., the observed rate in 2015), model projections showed that HCV prevalenceamong HIV patients is expected to drop to 0.81% in 2026. Sub-analyses showed a similar decrease of HIV-HCVprevalence in most risk groups, including LR MSM. Due to higher infection and reinfection rates, predicted prevalencein HR MSM remained stable from 6.96% in 2016 to 6.34% in 2026. Increasing annual TC rate in HR MSM to 50/70%would decrease HCV prevalence in this group to 2.35/1.25% in 2026. With a 30% TC rate, undiagnosed patients wouldaccount for 34% of HCV infections in 2026.Conclusions: Our model suggests that DAA could nearly eliminate coinfection in France within 10 years for most riskgroups, including LR MSM. Elimination in HR MSM will require increased TC.
ISSN: 1741-7015

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
inserm-01685739
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01685739
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01685739/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01685739/file/2017%2C%20Virlogeux%20-%20Modeling%20HIV-HCV%20coinfection.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/s12916-017-0979-1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis (Routledge)
Résumé : International audience
Border areas are particular “hot spots” generating high levels of HIV vulnerability and facing great challenges to control epidemics. The objective of this study is to describe the sociodemographic, clinical and biological profiles of newly HIV diagnosed people at the French Guiana - Suriname border, to construct an HIV care cascade and compare it with the Surinamese one. HIV-patients aged over 15 years newly diagnosed in western French Guiana in 2011 and 2012 were included in a retrospective cohort study. Patients were identified using different sources (n=121). The male-to-female ratio was 0.8, 85% of the patients were of foreign origin, 72% were undocumented migrants, 21% were living in Suriname and 48% had baseline CD4 cell counts <200 cells/mm3. After one year, 34% were lost to follow-up, 54% received treatment, 34% had controlled viremia and 6% died. We observed a disappointing HIV cascade, like that of Suriname, requiring to develop a coordinated healthcare offer on both sides of the border. Targeted efforts through a bi-national collaboration are needed to address the specific issues of cross-border patients to reach the 90*3 UNAIDS’s diagnosis, link to care and treatment targets and better control the local epidemic
ISSN: 0954-0121

inserm-01476267
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01476267
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01476267/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01476267/file/2017%20Jaries%20-%20Population%20movements%20and%20the%20HIV%20cascade-1.pdf
DOI : 10.1080/09540121.2017.1291899

Éditeur(s) : Wiley / Blackwell
Résumé : P>The distribution of the archaeal communities in deep subseafloor sediments [0-36 m below the seafloor (mbsf)] from the New Caledonia and Fairway Basins was investigated using DNA- and RNA-derived 16S rRNA clone libraries, functional genes and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A new method, Co-Migration DGGE (CM-DGGE), was developed to access selectively the active archaeal diversity. Prokaryotic cell abundances at the open-ocean sites were on average similar to 3.5 times lower than at a site under terrestrial influence. The sediment surface archaeal community (0-1.5 mbsf) was characterized by active Marine Group 1 (MG-1) Archaea that co-occurred with ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) sequences affiliated to a group of uncultured sedimentary Crenarchaeota. However, the anoxic subsurface methane-poor sediments (below 1.5 mbsf) were dominated by less active archaeal communities, such as the Thermoplasmatales, Marine Benthic Group D and other lineages probably involved in the methane cycle (Methanosarcinales, ANME-2 and DSAG/MBG-B). Moreover, the archaeal diversity of some sediment layers was restricted to only one lineage (Uncultured Euryarchaeota, DHVE6, MBG-B, MG-1 and SAGMEG). Sequences forming two clusters within the Thermococcales order were also present in these cold subseafloor sediments, suggesting that these uncultured putative thermophilic archaeal communities might have originated from a different environment. This study shows a transition between surface and subsurface sediment archaeal communities.
Environmental Microbiology (1462-2912) (Wiley / Blackwell), 2009-09 , Vol. 11 , N. 9 , P. 2446-2462

Droits : 2009 Society for Applied Microbiology and Wiley - Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6801.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01976.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6801/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : While Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, the abundance of trees is skewed strongly towards relatively few 'hyperdominant' species. In addition to their diversity, Amazonian trees are a key component of the global carbon cycle, assimilating and storing more carbon than any other ecosystem on Earth. Here we ask, using a unique data set of 530 forest plots, if the functions of storing and producing woody carbon are concentrated in a small number of tree species, whether the most abundant species also dominate carbon cycling, and whether dominant species are characterized by specific functional traits. We find that dominance of forest function is even more concentrated in a few species than is dominance of tree abundance, with only ≈1% of Amazon tree species responsible for 50% of carbon storage and productivity. Although those species that contribute most to biomass and productivity are often abundant, species maximum size is also influential, while the identity and ranking of dominant species varies by function and by region.
ISSN: 2041-1723

hal-01204225
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204225
DOI : 10.1038/ncomms7857
PRODINRA : 305614
PUBMED : 25919449

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Aim To examine variation in the phylogenetic diversity (PD) of tree communities across geographical and environmental gradients in Amazonia.Location Two hundred and eighty-three c.1ha forest inventory plots from across Amazonia.Methods We evaluated PD as the total phylogenetic branch length across species in each plot (PDss), the mean pairwise phylogenetic distance between species (MPD), the mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) and their equivalents standardized for species richness (ses.PDss, ses.MPD, ses.MNTD). We compared PD of tree communities growing (1) on substrates of varying geological age; and (2) in environments with varying ecophysiological barriers to growth and survival.Results PDss is strongly positively correlated with species richness (SR), whereas MNTD has a negative correlation. Communities on geologically young- and intermediate-aged substrates (western and central Amazonia respectively) have the highest SR, and therefore the highest PDss and the lowest MNTD. We find that the youngest and oldest substrates (the latter on the Brazilian and Guiana Shields) have the highest ses.PDss and ses.MNTD. MPD and ses.MPD are strongly correlated with how evenly taxa are distributed among the three principal angiosperm clades and are both highest in western Amazonia. Meanwhile, seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) and forests on white sands have low PD, as evaluated by any metric.Main conclusions High ses.PDss and ses.MNTD reflect greater lineage diversity in communities. We suggest that high ses.PDss and ses.MNTD in western Amazonia results from its favourable, easy-to-colonize environment, whereas high values in the Brazilian and Guianan Shields may be due to accumulation of lineages over a longer period of time. White-sand forests and SDTF are dominated by close relatives from fewer lineages, perhaps reflecting ecophysiological barriers that are difficult to surmount evolutionarily. Because MPD and ses.MPD do not reflect lineage diversity per se, we suggest that PDss, ses.PDss and ses.MNTD may be the most useful diversity metrics for setting large-scale conservation priorities.
ISSN: 1366-9516

hal-01557462
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01557462
DOI : 10.1111/ddi.12357

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Landes Bioscience
Résumé : International audience
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Autophagy

hal-00735751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735751
PUBMED : 22966490

Éditeur(s) : Mdpi Ag
Résumé : Marine pelagic diazotrophic cyanobacteria of the genus Trichodesmium (Oscillatoriales) are widespread throughout the tropics and subtropics, and are particularly common in the waters of New Caledonia. Blooms of Trichodesmium are suspected to be a potential source of toxins in the ciguatera food chain and were previously reported to contain several types of paralyzing toxins. The toxicity of water-soluble extracts of Trichodesmium spp. were analyzed by mouse bioassay and Neuroblastoma assay and their toxic compounds characterized using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry techniques. Here, we report the first identification of palytoxin and one of its derivatives, 42-hydroxy-palytoxin, in field samples of Trichodesmium collected in the New Caledonian lagoon. The possible role played by Trichodesmium blooms in the development of clupeotoxism, this human intoxication following the ingestion of plankton-eating fish and classically associated with Ostreopsis blooms, is also discussed.
Marine Drugs (1660-3397) (Mdpi Ag), 2011-04 , Vol. 9 , N. 4 , P. 543-560

Droits : 2011 MDPI Publishing
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00040/15143/12576.pdf
DOI:10.3390/md9040543
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00040/15143/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
We assessed the occurrence of algae in five species of tank-bromeliads found in contrasting environmental sites in a Neotropical, primary rainforest around the Nouragues Research Station, French Guiana. The distributions of both algal abundance and biomass were examined based on physical parameters, the morphological characteristics of bromeliad species and with regard to the structure of other aquatic microbial communities held in the tanks. Algae were retrieved in all of the bromeliad species with mean densities ranging from ∼10(2) to 10(4) cells/mL. Their biomass was positively correlated to light exposure and bacterial biomass. Algae represented a tiny component of the detrital food web in shaded bromeliads but accounted for up to 30 percent of the living microbial carbon in the tanks of Catopsis berteroniana, located in a highly exposed area. Thus, while nutrient supplies are believed to originate from wind-borne particles and trapped insects (i.e., allochtonous organic matter), our results indicate that primary producers (i.e., autochtonous organic matter) are present in this insectivorous bromeliad. Using a 24-h incubation of size-fractionated and manipulated samples from this plant, we evaluated the impact of mosquito foraging on algae, other microorganisms and rotifers. The prey assemblages were greatly altered by the predation of mosquito larvae. Grazing losses indicated that the dominant algal taxon, Bumilleriopsis sp., like protozoa and rotifers, is a significant part of the diet of mosquito larvae. We conclude that algae are a relevant functional community of the aquatic food web in C. berteroniana and might form the basis of a complementary non-detrital food web.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-00819161
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00819161
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00819161/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00819161/file/Brouard2011_AreAlgae.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0020129

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0166-445X

hal-01679436
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01679436
DOI : 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.006

Résumé : En 1999, le risque écologique encouru par les écosystèmes côtiers soumis à la prolifération de la crépidule, Crepidula fornicata, a été pleinement reconnu par la communauté scientifique nationale et internationale. Au niveau national, le Programme National Environnement Côtier (PNEC) et le programme national LITEAU ont tous deux identifié des actions thématiques prioritaires sur la dynamique de prolifération de la crépidule et les interactions crépidule/bivalves exploités. Les actions du LEMAR (UMR 6539 CNRS) sur cette thématique s’inscrivent dans deux projets : 1 - La crépidule : identifier les mécanismes de sa prolifération et caractériser ses effets sur le milieu pour envisager sa gestion. » (LITEAU) 2 - Recrutement, milieu physique et interactions d'espèces en environnement côtier : cas des mollusques » (PNEC ART2) En rade de Brest, l’accent est mis sur l’interaction des cycles biologiques de la crépidule et de la coquille Saint-Jacques. Les objectifs poursuivis en rade de Brest s’articulent en 4 points, dans le cadre de LITEAU : 1- Dynamique de colonisation de la crépidule en rade de Brest : acquisition des paramètres de dynamique de population (caractéristiques du cycle reproducteur, déterminisme du recrutement, dispersion, croissance, sensibilité aux efflorescences toxiques...) ; 2- Impact de cette prolifération sur l’évolution de la nature sédimentaire des zones colonisées et l’enrichissement en matière organique (par le biais de l’activité alimentaire et de la production de biodépôts) ; 3- Modifications engendrées sur les peuplements benthiques dans leur globalité (sites ateliers). La strate à crépidules, au sens biosédimentaire et écologique, verra sa définition affinée et sa dynamique analysée en vue d'obtenir un modèle prévisionnel des évolutions possibles en matière de biodiversité ; 4- Rôle de la crépidule dans le contrôle de la production primaire phytoplanctonique (par le biais des activités de filtration et de production de biodépôts).

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00032/14292/11570.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00032/14292/