Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Within the framework of the international field campaign COPS (Convective and Orographically induced Precipitation Study), a large suite of state-of-the-art meteorological instrumentation was operated, partially combined for the first time. This includes networks of in situ and remote-sensing systems such as the Global Positioning System as well as a synergy of multi-wavelength passive and active remote-sensing instruments such as advanced radar and lidar systems. The COPS field phase was performed from 01 June to 31 August 2007 in a low-mountain area in southwestern Germany/eastern France covering the Vosges mountains, the Rhine valley and the Black Forest mountains. The collected dataset covers the entire evolution of convective precipitation events in complex terrain from their initiation, to their development and mature phase until their decay. Eighteen Intensive Observations Periods with 37 operation days and eight additional Special Observations Periods were performed, providing a comprehensive dataset covering different forcing conditions. In this article, an overview of the COPS scientific strategy, the field phase, and its first accomplishments is given. Highlights of the campaign are illustrated with several measurement examples. It is demonstrated that COPS research provides new insight into key processes leading to convection initiation and to the modification of precipitation by orography, in the improvement of quantitative precipitation forecasting by the assimilation of new observations, and in the performance of ensembles of convection-permitting models in complex terrain.
ISSN: 0035-9009

hal-00565513
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00565513
DOI : 10.1002/qj.752

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union
Résumé : International audience
The exchanges of carbon, water and energy between the atmosphere and the Amazon basin have global implications for the current and future climate. Here, the global atmospheric inversion system of the Monitoring of Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) service is used to study the seasonal and interannual variations of biogenic CO 2 fluxes in Amazonia during the period 2002–2010. The system assimilated surface measurements of atmospheric CO 2 mole fractions made at more than 100 sites over the globe into an atmospheric transport model. The present study adds measurements from four surface stations located in tropical South America, a region poorly covered by CO 2 observations. The estimates of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) optimized by the inversion are compared to an independent estimate of NEE upscaled from eddy-covariance flux measurements in Amazonia. They are also qualitatively evaluated against reports on the seasonal and interannual variations of the land sink in South America from the scientific literature. We attempt at assessing the impact on NEE of the strong droughts in 2005 and 2010 (due to severe and longer-than-usual dry seasons) and the extreme rainfall conditions registered in 2009. The spatial variations of the seasonal and in-terannual variability of optimized NEE are also investigated. While the inversion supports the assumption of strong spatial heterogeneity of these variations, the results reveal critical limitations of the coarse-resolution transport model, the surface observation network in South America during the recent years and the present knowledge of modelling uncertainties in South America that prevent our inversion from capturing the seasonal patterns of fluxes across Amazonia. However, some patterns from the inversion seem consistent with the anomaly of moisture conditions in 2009.
ISSN: 1680-7316

hal-01557375
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01557375
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01557375/document
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01557375/file/acp-15-8423-2015.pdf
DOI : 10.5194/acp-15-8423-2015-supplement

Éditeur(s) : Imprimerie Bezaudin
Extrait de : Rapports de l'usine de Sainte-Marie
Résumé : Rapports : excercices et comptabilité d'usine
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Provenance : Fondation Clément
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FCL18064
FCL18064

Éditeur(s) : Imprimerie Bezaudin
Extrait de : Rapports de l'usine de Sainte-Marie
Résumé : Rapports : excercices et comptabilité d'usine
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Provenance : Fondation Clément
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FCL18067
FCL18067

Éditeur(s) : Imprimerie Bezaudin
Extrait de : Rapports de l'usine de Sainte-Marie
Résumé : Rapports : excercices et comptabilité d'usine
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Provenance : Fondation Clément
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FCL18065
FCL18065

Éditeur(s) : Imprimerie Bezaudin
Extrait de : Rapports de l'usine de Sainte-Marie
Résumé : Rapports : excercices et comptabilité d'usine
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Provenance : Fondation Clément
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FCL18069
FCL18069

Éditeur(s) : Imprimerie Bezaudin
Extrait de : Rapports de l'usine de Sainte-Marie
Résumé : Rapports : excercices et comptabilité d'usine
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Provenance : Fondation Clément
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FCL18068
FCL18068

Éditeur(s) : Imprimerie Bezaudin
Extrait de : Rapports de l'usine de Sainte-Marie
Résumé : Rapports : excercices et comptabilité d'usine
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Provenance : Fondation Clément
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FCL18066
FCL18066