Éditeur(s) : INRA : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : In the new context of the agro-ecological transition, present agricultural systems will have to produce more and better in a more constraint world. Mixed crop livestock systems (MCLS) represent sound alternative ways to progressively achieve these goals through crop-livestock integration (CLI). CLI exploits the synergies between cropping and livestock systems through organic fertilization with manure or plant association, use of crop residues to feed livestock, .... It offers many opportunities to improve productivity, as well as to increase resource use efficiency and improve the resilience of the whole farming system. In the scientific literature, authors advocate the interest of MLCS and CLI, based on theoretical considerations, modelling and empirical evidence from local case studies. But these studies do not clearly identify the respective roles of diversity of activities and CLI management practices in improving performances at the level of the whole farming system. Our aim was thus to assess CLI at farm scale in a range of MCLS and to explain farm performances by analyzing the combination of activities and the level of integration. We conducted our analyses in Guadeloupe, (French West Indies), where MCLS and CLI are complex but important challenges for local agricultural. In order to analyze CLI in a holistic and systemic way, we applied a method traditionally used in ecology, ecological network analysis, to study the structure, functioning and performance of agrosystems. This method was implemented on a range of Guadeloupian MCLS where CLI practices where identified. Nitrogen was retained to conduct the analysis due to its central role for both animal and vegetal productions. The ENA method allows an estimation of productivity, resilience, efficiency, productivity and self- sufficiency of the flows network. Our results show that 1/ efficiency and resilience appear correlated to the complexity and intensity of the network of flows; 2/ efficiency and resiliency are positively correlated when we consider them in terms of N flows; 3/ in the Guadeloupian context, CLI concerns mainly specific practices, as feeding pigs with a wide range of crop residues and organic fertilization of small market gardens and plots used to grow tubers. But at whole system level, CLI remains rare and mainly depends on conventional management practices as mineral fertilization and animal complementation of some farming activities as sugar cane, cattle breeding and banana. Moreover, the combination of productions implemented determines the potential of CLI and related performances linked to relative N efficiency of each production. Consequently, performance and especially efficiency and self-sufficiency depend more on the nature of the activity than on CLI management practices. There is still a gap between theoretical studies and CLI in practice, even though CLI is more complicated than simple flows and provides other services and functions. Dans le nouveau contexte de la transition agro-écologique, les systèmes agricoles actuels devront produire plus et les améliorer dans plus de monde de contrainte. Les systèmes mélangés de bétail de culture (MCLS) représentent des manières alternatives saines d'atteindre progressivement ces buts par l'intégration de culture-bétail (CLI). Le CLI exploite les synergies entre l'emblavage et les systèmes de bétail par la fertilisation organique avec l'association d'engrais ou d'usine, utilisation des résidus de culture d'alimenter le bétail,?. Il donne beaucoup d'occasions d'améliorer la productivité, aussi bien que d'augmenter l'efficacité d'utilisation de ressource et d'améliorer la résilience du système d'exploitation agricole entier. Dans la littérature scientifique, les auteurs préconisent l'intérêt de MLCS et de CLI, basé sur des considérations théoriques, modeler et des preuves empiriques des études de cas locales. Mais ces études n'identifient pas clairement les rôles respectifs de la diversité des activités et des pratiques de gestion de CLI en améliorant des interprétations au niveau du système d'exploitation agricole entier. Notre but était ainsi d'évaluer le CLI à l'échelle de ferme dans une gamme de MCLS et d'expliquer des interprétations de ferme en analysant la combinaison des activités et du niveau de l'intégration. Nous avons réalisé nos analyses en Guadeloupe, (des Antilles françaises), où MCLS et le CLI sont des défis complexes mais importants pour agricole local. Afin d'analyser le CLI d'une manière holistique et systémique, nous avons appliqué une méthode traditionnellement employée en écologie, analyse réseau écologique, pour étudier la structure, le fonctionnement et l'interprétation des agrosystems. Cette méthode a été appliquée sur une chaîne de Guadeloupian MCLS où des pratiques en matière de CLI où identifiée. L'azote a été maintenu pour réaliser l'analyse due à son rôle central pour les productions animales et végétales. La méthode d'ENA permet une évaluation de la productivité, de la résilience, de l'efficacité, de la productivité et de l'autosuffisance du réseau d'écoulements. Nos résultats prouvent que 1 efficacités et résiliences semblent corrélées avec la complexité et l'intensité du réseau des écoulements ; 2 efficacité et élasticité sont franchement corrélés quand nous les considérons en termes d'écoulements de N ; 3 dans le contexte de Guadeloupian, CLI concerne principalement des pratiques spécifiques, en tant que les porcs de alimentation par un large éventail de résidus de culture et de fertilisation organique de petits jardins du marché et complots employés pour cultiver des tubercules. Mais à au niveau système entier, le CLI demeure rare et dépend principalement des pratiques de gestion conventionnelles en tant que complémentation minérale de fertilisation et d'animal de quelques activités agricoles comme canne à sucre, élevage et banane. D'ailleurs, la combinaison des productions mises en application détermine le potentiel du CLI et des interprétations relatives liés à l'efficacité relative de N de chaque production. En conséquence, l'interprétation et particulièrement l'efficacité et l'autosuffisance dépendent davantage de la nature de l'activité que sur des pratiques de gestion de CLI. Il y a toujours un espace entre les études et le CLI théoriques dans la pratique, quoique le CLI soit plus compliqué que des écoulements simples et fournisse d'autres services et fonctions.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16247
V16247

Éditeur(s) : University of West Indies, Trinidad &Tobago Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : Carbon dioxide (CO2) accounts for the largest proportion (74%) of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally, with agricultural activities contributing approximately 25% of this gas. Opportunities to reduce the emissions in the sector can therefore contribute significantly to mitigating global climate change. Ag-lime is used extensively to alleviate problems of soil acidity and the potential for this material to contribute to C sequestration in soils is gaining interest among researchers. A laboratory experiment using C-13 isotopic labelling techniques was therefore established to answer the following questions: 1) Is there a potential for sequestering C using ag-lime in Trinidad acid soils? 2) Does enhancing soil microbial respiration by applying labile organic amendments enhance the C sequestration potential of ag-lime? 3) Are lime-derived C (LDC) estimates from non-isotopic difference technique comparable to that from the C- 13 isotopic labelling technique? The results ascertained for the study showed significant (P<0.05) differences between the LDC estimates from the two techniques with the non-isotopic techniques yielding higher estimates. Over the 32- day experiment, between 16.4 to 85.4% of the ag-lime C was released as CO2 with values being lower for the Piarco soil. The LDC in the CO2 was also significantly (P<0.05) lower for the poultry litter treatments comparison to the other organic amendments for the Piarco soil but not the Nariva soil. This effect may not have been as a result of an enhancement of the carbon sequestration potential of the ag-lime due to an elevation in soil microbial respiration since the LDC in the glucose-amended soils did not differ significantly from the no-amendment control soils.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16308
V16308

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles AIHP-GEODE : Archéologie Industrielle, Histoire, Patrimoine/Géographie- Développement Environnement de la Caraïbe HARCMAR : Histoire et Archéologie Maritimes des Petites Antilles
Extrait de : "Entre exclusif et contrebande, le commerce colonial aux Antilles XVIIe-début XIXe siècle" : journées d'étude, du 24 au 26 octobre 2019. Université des Antilles
Description : This research will unveil the tensions between international, regional, and local interests which drove colonial officials and merchants on St. Thomas, St. Eustatius, Dutch St. Maarten, St. Bartholomew, and Saba to engage in illegal trade and logistical relations with privateers, pirates, and slave trading vessels between 1816-1840. Along with an analysis of eastern Caribbean trade networks through surviving shipping records, extensive government correspondence, court records, and accounts in historic newspapers from the region, this will subsequently permit insights into how the shifting bounds and tolerances of legal and illicit trade by colonial officials on these islands fostered a smuggling and laundering ring for ships, goods, and people engaged in privateering, piracy during the Latin American Wars of Independence and the later Cisplatine War, and the post-abolition slave trade. By understanding the processes involved in smuggling and laundering illegal prizes by privateers and pirates, direct evidence these activities can become visible in the archaeological record through a predictive model based upon local practices of intentionally sinking illegally captured ships.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V19111
V19111

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation INCA 5Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas), Cuba
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : The methodology is supported on the basis of the experience acquired by a group of researchers, farmers and technicians from Cuba in the implementation of Participatory Plant Breeding. The proposal presents a number of methodological considerations with the necessary flexibility to allow proper application of the method and follows a logical sequence of activities to be executed in a manner that facilitates their implementation in various contexts in which it is of interest to apply. Its implementation, as such, is a learning process in action for all actors involved in it; also enables participants to understand the scale of the needs of the producers and breeding programs and dissemination of varieties in terms of the real interest of these. The methodology has 4 main phases: 1) diagnosis, 2) Collection of plant genetic resources, 3) Establishment of demonstration plots and development diversity fairs and 4) farmer experimentation. Besides the four basic stages of Participatory Plant Breeding in Cuba other tools that allowed the PPB constitute a successful process were used, these tools are: action learning as interest Schools Farmers Festivals innovation, exchange visits and retreats, capacity building of students on stage in local innovation and creation of local seed banks.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16317
V16317

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
Pictured are several "bohíos", thatched palm wood huts used by the pre-Colombian indians of Cuba. This photographed is interesting in that one can see how the use of the bohios has progressed. The bohio on the right represents how they would have been used by the early indian population, while the one on the left of it is a more developed stage. The one on the left has walls, an idea developed by the Spanish that moved to the countryside and used the indian bohio, yet adapted ideas used in the dwellings that they were more familiar with.
Cuba -- Caribbean region

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 84: 7
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/CA01200453/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
STUDY QUESTION: Do freezing and in vitro culture procedures enhance the expression of proteins involved in apoptotic or autophagic pathways in murine pre-pubertal testicular tissue? SUMMARY ANSWER: IVM strongly modified apoptosis- and autophagy-related relative protein levels in mice testicular tissue whereas the impact of cryopreservation procedures was minimal at the end of the culture. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: In vitro spermatogenesis remains a challenging technical issue as it imposes to find a very close balance between survival and death of germ cell natural precursors (i.e. gonocytes and spermatogonia), which will eventually undergo a complete spermatogenesis close to in vivo conditions. The establishment of efficient culture conditions coupled with suitable cryopreservation procedures (e.g. controlled slow freezing [CSF] and solid surface vitrification [SSV]) of pre-pubertal testicular tissue is a crucial step in the fields of fertility preservation and restoration to improve the spermatic yield obtained in vitro. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Here, we study cryopreservation procedures (i.e. CSF or SSV) and the impact of culture media compositions. A first set of 66 mouse pre-pubertal testes were directly cultured during 30, 36, 38 and 60 days (D) from 2.5 to 6.5-day-old CD-1 mice to evaluate the impact of time-aspect of culture and to endorse the reverse phase protein microarrays (RPPM) technique as an adapted experimental tool for the field of in vitro spermatogenesis. Ninety others fresh, slow-frozen and vitrified pre-pubertal testes were cultured during 30 days for the principal study to evaluate the impact of cryopreservation procedures before and after culture. Thirty-four testes dissected from 2.5, 6.5, 36.5, 40.5, 42.5 and 62.5 days postpartum (dpp) mice, corresponding to the time frames of spermatogenesis orchestrated in vitro, were used as in vivo controls. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: After in vitro culture, testicular tissue samples originated from 2.5 or 6.5-day-old CD-1 male mice were analyzed using RPPM. This targeted proteomic technique allowed us to assess the expression level of 29 apoptosis- and autophagy-related factors by normalizing blank-corrected signal values. In addition, morphological analyses (e.g. HES, PAS, TRA98 and CREM) and DNA fragmentation in intra-tubular cells (i.e. terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling; TUNEL) were assessed for the distinct experimental conditions tested as well as for in vivo control mouse testes. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: A validation of the RPPM procedure in the field of in vitro spermatogenesis was completed with assay and array robustness before a principal study concerning the evaluation of the impact of in vitro culture and cryopreservation procedures. The proportion of elongated spermatids and the total cell number per seminiferous tubule tended to be very different between the in vivo and in vitro conditions (P < 0.05), suggesting the presence of a beneficial regulation on the first spermatogenesis wave by intrinsic apoptosis (Caspase₉) and autophagy (Atg5) factors (P < 0.0003 and r2 = 0.74). Concerning the impact of culture media compositions, a basic medium (BM) composed of αMEM plus 10% KnockOut™ serum replacement and gentamicin supplemented with retinol (Rol) and vitamin E (Vit. E) was selected as the best culture medium for fresh 6.5 dpp tissue cultured during 30D with 27.7 ± 8.10% of seminiferous tubules containing elongated spermatids. Concerning the impact of cryopreservation procedures, SSV did not have any impact on the morphological parameters evaluated after culture in comparison to fresh tissue (FT) controls. The proportion of tubules with elongated spermatids on testicular explants cultured with BMRol+Vit. E was not different between SSV (6.6 ± 1.6%) and CSF (5.3 ± 1.9%); however, round spermatids were observed more frequently for SSV (19 ± 6.2%) than CSF (3.3 ± 1.9%, P = 0.0317). Even if the proportion of TUNEL-positive cells for BMRol+Vit. E was higher at D30 after SSV (4.12 ± 0.26%) than CSF (1.86 ± 0.12%, P = 0.0022) and FT (2.69 ± 0.33%, P = 0.0108), the DNA damages observed at the end of the culture (i.e. D30) were similar to respective 6.5 dpp controls. In addition, the relative protein level expression ratio of an apoptotic factor, the phosphorylated FADD on Fas, was reduced by 64-fold in vitrified testes cultured with BMRol+Vit. E. Furthermore, we found in this study that the StemPro®-34 SFM culture medium supplemented with growth factors (e.g. EGF, bFGF, GDNF and LIF) prevented the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells in favor of a significant proliferation with a better architectural pattern than in vivo 6.5 dpp controls with an increase of seminiferous tubules area for FT (P = 0.0357) and CSF (P = 0.0317). LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION: Despite our promising results, the evaluation of apoptotic- and autophagic-related proteins was studied for a limited amount of proteins and on global testicular tissue. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The data presented herein will help to improve apoptotic and autophagic understanding during the first spermatogenic wave. Moreover, our findings illustrate for the first time that, using finely-tuned experimental conditions, a testicular in vitro culture combined with proteomic technologies may significantly facilitate the study of cryopreservation procedures and in vitro culture evaluations. This study may also contribute to improve work on testicular tissues from pre-pubertal and adolescent cancer survivors. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): This study was supported by a Ph.D. grant from the Rouen Normandie Université and a financial support from 'la Ligue nationale contre le cancer' (both awarded to L.D.), funding from Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Agence de la Biomédecine, and co-supported by European Union and Région Normandie. Europe gets involved in Normandie with European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Molecular Human Reproduction

hal-01647081
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01647081
DOI : 10.1093/molehr/gax054
PUBMED : 29040674

Résumé : (Biographical) Samuel Cary, Jr., was born in 1742 in the Boston suburb of Chelsea. Following his graduation from Harvard, he moved to the West Indies where he managed plantations for various individuals before purchasing a Grenada sugar plantation. In 1772, after the death of his father, Cary left the West Indies and returned to live in the Chelsea family home.
(Biographical) Charles Spooner was a British planter who owned several plantations in the Caribbean, specifically the Leeward Islands of the West Indies. William Manning (1763-1835), a British merchant with property and business interests in the West Indies, was a member of Parliament and served as a director and governor of the Bank of England.
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Grenada
Grenada
Saint Kitts
Saint Kitts
Saint Kitts
Saint Kitts
Saint Kitts
Grenada
Saint Kitts and Nevis

55617481

Éditeur(s) : Hyacinth M. Simpson Bowdoin College Hyacinth M. Simpson ( Manitoba, Canada ) Bowdoin College ( Brunswick, ME )
Résumé : The word macomère is widely used by women in the Caribbean to mean "my child's godmother"; "my best friend and close female confindante"; "my bridesmaid, or another female wedding member of a wedding party of which I was a bridesmaid"; "the godmother of the child to whom I am also godmother"; "the woman who, by virtue of the depth of her friendship, has rights and privileges over my child and is a surrogate mother." This name seems appropriate because it so clearly expresses the intimate relations which women in the Caribbean share, is so firmly gendered, and honors the importance of friendship in relation to the important rituals of marriage, birth, and (implied) death. Moreover, macomère is a French Creole word which, although related to the French language, has taken on a structure and meaning which is indigenous to the Caribbean. The word is spelled in this way, instead of in the clearly Creole manner (macumè, makumeh, macoomè, macomeh, and many other variants), so that the female connotations of the word are highlighted and those meanings which apply to males ("a womanish or gossipy man"; "a homosexual") are less obvious. In those islands where Krèol (linguistic term for the French patos) is the first language, the same term is used for both females and males with meaning determined by the context. In islands such as Trinidad, however, where English has overlain Krèol, the Creole (linguistic term for the English patois) has incorporated the redundant my macomè and macomè man, thus reinforcing both the perceptions of intimacy and the female quality of the term. Interestingly enough, Richard Allsopp in The Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage (Oxford University Press, 1996) has indicated the possibility that maku in Belize, with the meaning "midwife", is also derived from macomère. Hence, the word forces us to recall the continuities and correspondences in Caribbean languages and cultures, as well as the dynamic, creative, and transforming power of Creoles. In the purely English-speaking islands, the only comparable term is godmother (usually the mother's best friend). In the Hispanophone Caribbean, there is the similar comadre, although, as we would expect, some of the connotations are different. Join us in continuing to interrogate all the connotations of the meaning inherent in this culturally rich lexical item from the Caribbean Creoles.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
39971238

Éditeur(s) : Archives & Special Collections at the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries Archives & Special Collections at the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries
Résumé : (Funding) News from: http://www.crl.edu/news/8702 ; "LAMP (formerly the Latin American Microform Project) supported the digitization of approximately 5,000 documents dated between 1844 and 1900 in a collection held by the University of Connecticut. These consist of legal court cases, mostly civil, from the Corte de Primera Instancia (Apellate Court) of the district of Arecibo, Puerto Rico. In 2000, the University of Connecticut Thomas J. Dodd Research Center acquired these unique materials about the Arecibo appellate court district, which includes the towns of Arecibo, Barceloneta, Camuy, Ciales, Hatillo, Manatí, Morovis, Quebradillas, and Utuado. The cases cover the full range of civil litigation that might have been brought to court during that period. Cases about disputes over economic holdings such as land, slaves, and livestock hold special interest. The collection is also a treasure trove for genealogists, historians, legal researchers, and other social-sciences researchers interested in Puerto Rico’s social dynamic during the 19th century."

Droits : Material from the University of Connecticut, see: http://doddcenter.uconn.edu/asc/findaids/PRCourt/MSS20000130.html
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00015401/00001

Éditeur(s) : Hyacinth M. Simpson Hyacinth M. Simpson ( Manitoba, Canada )
Résumé : The word macomère is widely used by women in the Caribbean to mean "my child's godmother"; "my best friend and close female confindante"; "my bridesmaid, or another female wedding member of a wedding party of which I was a bridesmaid"; "the godmother of the child to whom I am also godmother"; "the woman who, by virtue of the depth of her friendship, has rights and privileges over my child and is a surrogate mother." This name seems appropriate because it so clearly expresses the intimate relations which women in the Caribbean share, is so firmly gendered, and honors the importance of friendship in relation to the important rituals of marriage, birth, and (implied) death. Moreover, macomère is a French Creole word which, although related to the French language, has taken on a structure and meaning which is indigenous to the Caribbean. The word is spelled in this way, instead of in the clearly Creole manner (macumè, makumeh, macoomè, macomeh, and many other variants), so that the female connotations of the word are highlighted and those meanings which apply to males ("a womanish or gossipy man"; "a homosexual") are less obvious. In those islands where Krèol (linguistic term for the French patos) is the first language, the same term is used for both females and males with meaning determined by the context. In islands such as Trinidad, however, where English has overlain Krèol, the Creole (linguistic term for the English patois) has incorporated the redundant my macomè and macomè man, thus reinforcing both the perceptions of intimacy and the female quality of the term. Interestingly enough, Richard Allsopp in The Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage (Oxford University Press, 1996) has indicated the possibility that maku in Belize, with the meaning "midwife", is also derived from macomère. Hence, the word forces us to recall the continuities and correspondences in Caribbean languages and cultures, as well as the dynamic, creative, and transforming power of Creoles. In the purely English-speaking islands, the only comparable term is godmother (usually the mother's best friend). In the Hispanophone Caribbean, there is the similar comadre, although, as we would expect, some of the connotations are different. Join us in continuing to interrogate all the connotations of the meaning inherent in this culturally rich lexical item from the Caribbean Creoles.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
39971238

Éditeur(s) : Hyacinth M. Simpson James Madison University Hyacinth M. Simpson ( Manitoba, Canada ) James Madison University ( Harrisonburg, VA )
Résumé : The word macomère is widely used by women in the Caribbean to mean "my child's godmother"; "my best friend and close female confindante"; "my bridesmaid, or another female wedding member of a wedding party of which I was a bridesmaid"; "the godmother of the child to whom I am also godmother"; "the woman who, by virtue of the depth of her friendship, has rights and privileges over my child and is a surrogate mother." This name seems appropriate because it so clearly expresses the intimate relations which women in the Caribbean share, is so firmly gendered, and honors the importance of friendship in relation to the important rituals of marriage, birth, and (implied) death. Moreover, macomère is a French Creole word which, although related to the French language, has taken on a structure and meaning which is indigenous to the Caribbean. The word is spelled in this way, instead of in the clearly Creole manner (macumè, makumeh, macoomè, macomeh, and many other variants), so that the female connotations of the word are highlighted and those meanings which apply to males ("a womanish or gossipy man"; "a homosexual") are less obvious. In those islands where Krèol (linguistic term for the French patos) is the first language, the same term is used for both females and males with meaning determined by the context. In islands such as Trinidad, however, where English has overlain Krèol, the Creole (linguistic term for the English patois) has incorporated the redundant my macomè and macomè man, thus reinforcing both the perceptions of intimacy and the female quality of the term. Interestingly enough, Richard Allsopp in The Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage (Oxford University Press, 1996) has indicated the possibility that maku in Belize, with the meaning "midwife", is also derived from macomère. Hence, the word forces us to recall the continuities and correspondences in Caribbean languages and cultures, as well as the dynamic, creative, and transforming power of Creoles. In the purely English-speaking islands, the only comparable term is godmother (usually the mother's best friend). In the Hispanophone Caribbean, there is the similar comadre, although, as we would expect, some of the connotations are different. Join us in continuing to interrogate all the connotations of the meaning inherent in this culturally rich lexical item from the Caribbean Creoles.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
39971238

Éditeur(s) : Hyacinth M. Simpson Hyacinth M. Simpson ( Manitoba, Canada )
Résumé : The word macomère is widely used by women in the Caribbean to mean "my child's godmother"; "my best friend and close female confindante"; "my bridesmaid, or another female wedding member of a wedding party of which I was a bridesmaid"; "the godmother of the child to whom I am also godmother"; "the woman who, by virtue of the depth of her friendship, has rights and privileges over my child and is a surrogate mother." This name seems appropriate because it so clearly expresses the intimate relations which women in the Caribbean share, is so firmly gendered, and honors the importance of friendship in relation to the important rituals of marriage, birth, and (implied) death. Moreover, macomère is a French Creole word which, although related to the French language, has taken on a structure and meaning which is indigenous to the Caribbean. The word is spelled in this way, instead of in the clearly Creole manner (macumè, makumeh, macoomè, macomeh, and many other variants), so that the female connotations of the word are highlighted and those meanings which apply to males ("a womanish or gossipy man"; "a homosexual") are less obvious. In those islands where Krèol (linguistic term for the French patos) is the first language, the same term is used for both females and males with meaning determined by the context. In islands such as Trinidad, however, where English has overlain Krèol, the Creole (linguistic term for the English patois) has incorporated the redundant my macomè and macomè man, thus reinforcing both the perceptions of intimacy and the female quality of the term. Interestingly enough, Richard Allsopp in The Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage (Oxford University Press, 1996) has indicated the possibility that maku in Belize, with the meaning "midwife", is also derived from macomère. Hence, the word forces us to recall the continuities and correspondences in Caribbean languages and cultures, as well as the dynamic, creative, and transforming power of Creoles. In the purely English-speaking islands, the only comparable term is godmother (usually the mother's best friend). In the Hispanophone Caribbean, there is the similar comadre, although, as we would expect, some of the connotations are different. Join us in continuing to interrogate all the connotations of the meaning inherent in this culturally rich lexical item from the Caribbean Creoles.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
39971238

Éditeur(s) : INRA : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation Caribbean Food Crops Society (CFCS)
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : Farmers are very inventive, but their innovations often remain confined to their farm, or to small local networks. And the interest they might have for farmers other than their inventors is seldom analyzed. Tracking on-farm innovations aims at finding technical or organizational innovations designed by farmers, to characterize their agronomic, economic and environmental performance and analyze the conditions in which this performance is expressed. The talk presents the various stages of this tracking approach, applied to innovative cropping systems, basing on a variety of recent works, in France, Argentine, Burkina Faso and China: (1) Defining what we are looking for; (2) Identifying innovative systems; (3) Describing and characterizing innovative systems; (4) Assessing innovative systems; (5) Specifying the conditions for the success of innovative systems. The results of the tracking are aimed not only at the farmers, but at their advisors and researchers too: (i) Innovative and effective cropping systems, which can be a source of inspiration for farmers; (ii) Confirmation of the interest of a principle for reasoning cropping systems; (iii) Innovative practices, analyzed within a systemic framework, which can serve as bricks for the design of new systems; (iv) Questions to be looked into more thoroughly by experimentation. Compared to traditional approaches in agronomy, tracking innovative cropping systems provides a double break: break with a top-down approach, where agricultural R & D is regarded as the only source of innovation: by mobilizing the innovative capacities of farmers, tracking increases our collective capacity to invent new practices or new cropping systems, by using not only technical and scientific knowledge, but also the empirical knowledge, that is so rich in agriculture. And break with the primacy given to experimentation, as a source for the production of knowledge and the assessment of innovations. Les agriculteurs sont très inventifs, mais leurs innovations demeurent souvent confinées à leur ferme, ou à de petits réseaux locaux. Et l'intérêt qu'elles pourraient avoir pour des agriculteurs autres que leurs inventeurs est rarement analysé. Le cheminement des innovations à la ferme vise à trouver les innovations techniques ou organisationnelles conçues par des agriculteurs, pour caractériser leur agronomique, économique et la performance environnementale et pour analyser les conditions en lesquelles ces résultats sont exprimés. L'entretien présente les diverses étapes de cette approche de cheminement, appliquées aux systèmes d'emblavage innovateurs, basant sur un grand choix de travaux récents, les Frances, l'Argentin, au Burkina Faso et en Chine : (1) définissant ce que nous recherchons ; (2) identification des systèmes innovateurs ; (3) description et caractérisation des systèmes innovateurs ; (4) l'évaluation des systèmes innovateurs ; (5) spécification des conditions pour le succès des systèmes innovateurs. Les résultats du cheminement sont visés non seulement les agriculteurs, mais leurs conseillers et chercheurs trop : (i) systèmes d'emblavage innovateurs et efficaces, qui peuvent être une source d'inspiration pour des agriculteurs ; (ii) confirmation d'intérêt d'un principe pour les systèmes d'emblavage de motif ; (iii) pratiques innovatrices, analysées dans un cadre systémique, qui peut servir de briques à la conception de nouveaux systèmes ; (iv) questions à regarder dans plus complètement par expérimentation. Comparé aux approches traditionnelles en agronomie, le cheminement des systèmes d'emblavage innovateurs fournit une double coupure : cassez avec une approche hiérarchisée, où la R&D agricole est considérée comme la seule source d'innovation : en mobilisant les capacités innovatrices d'agriculteurs, le cheminement augmente notre capacité collective d'inventer de nouvelles pratiques ou nouveaux systèmes d'emblavage, à l'aide non seulement de technique et de la connaissance scientifique, mais également la connaissance empirique, qui est si riche en agriculture. Et coupure avec la primauté donnée à l'expérimentation, comme source pour la production de la connaissance et de l'évaluation des innovations.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16242
V16242

Éditeur(s) : Center for the Humanities and the Public Sphere, University of Florida Center for the Humanities and the Public Sphere, University of Florida ( Gainesville, FL )
Résumé : (Biographical) Dr. Louise Ivers is Chief of Mission for Partners In Health (PIH) in Haiti, an international non-profit organization that provides direct health care and social services to poor communities around the world, supported by research and advocacy. She is an Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and an Associate Physician in the Division of Global Health Equity at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH). She completed her residency in Internal Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and a fellowship in Infectious Diseases at the combined MGH/BWH program. Dr. Ivers also received a diploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and a Master of Public Health from the Harvard School of Public Health. Dr. Ivers implements health programs, and is interested in improving the delivery of healthcare in resource poor settings, the provision of care to the rural and urban poor, as well as patient-oriented investigation that offers solutions to barriers to healthcare. She balances her time between management of PIH Haiti, direct clinical service, and operational research. Dr. Ivers has contributed to published articles on HIV/AIDS, food insecurity, and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Current projects include investigating the impact of targeted food assistance to people with HIV infection in rural Haiti, the effectiveness of ARV therapies on viral suppression in community-based programs, and humanitarian assistance in response to the January 2010 earthquake. Dr. Ivers has served as a Technical Advisor to the WHO and also mentors Haitian and American physicians.
(Funding) Sponsored by the Caleb and Michele Grimes Fund in the CLAS Dean's Office and organized by the Center for the Humanities and the Public Sphere.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Résumé : The new industry in Ybor City soon came to possess many of the features of the pre-industrial production system. A distinctive Latin quality of paternalism, prevalent throughout the pre-industrial Hispanic world, established the tone of early labor-management relations in Ybor City and West Tampa. Martínez Ybor soon acquired all the characteristics of a benevolent patrón, fully solicitous of the needs of his employees. Newly-constructed homes, subsidized by Martínez Ybor, were made available to workers at modest prices and in interest-free installment plans.
(Funding) Funded in part by the Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS), Ephemeral Cities Project.
Tampa |z 1271000 |2 ceeus
Hillsborough County |z 12057 |2 ceeus
United States of America -- Florida -- Hillsborough County -- Tampa
Main Street

Droits : All rights reserved. 2005.
P21-0237

Éditeur(s) : Springer
Résumé : Because of their characteristic living environments, marine organisms produce a variety of lipids. Fatty acids constitute the essential part of triglycerides and wax esters, which are the major components of fats and oils. Nevertheless, phospholipids and glycolipids have considerable importance and will be taken into account, especially the latter compounds that excite increasing interest regarding their promising biological activities. Thus, in addition to the major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, a great number of various fatty acids occur in marine organisms, e.g. saturated, mono- and diunsaturated, branched, halogenated, hydroxylated, methoxylated, non-methylene-interrupted. Various unprecedented chemical structures of fatty acids, and lipid-containing fatty acids, have recently been discovered, especially from the most primitive animals such as sponges and gorgonians. This review of marine lipidology deals with recent advances in the field of fatty acids since the end of the 1990s. Different approaches will be followed, mainly developing biomarkers of trophic chains in marine ecosystems and of chemotaxonomic interest, reporting new structures, especially those with biological activities or biosynthetic interest. An important part of this review will be devoted to the major PUFA, their relevance to health and nutrition, their biosynthesis, their sources (usual and promising) and market.
Marine Biotechnology I (0724-6145) (Springer), 2005 , Vol. 96 , P. 49-125

Droits : 2005 Springer-Verlag
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-937.pdf
DOI:10.1007/b135782
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/937/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : 17 pages, 11 figures.
International audience
The problem addressed in this paper is the automatic extraction of names from a document image. Our approach relies on the combination of two complementary analyses. First, the image-based analysis exploits visual clues to select the regions of interest in the document. Second, the textual-based analysis searches for name patterns and low-level word textual features. Both analyses are then combined at the word level through a neural network fusion scheme. Reported results on degraded documents such as facsimile and photocopied technical journals demonstrate the interest of the combined approach.
ISSN: 1433-7541

hal-00329459
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00329459
DOI : 10.1007/s10044-006-0038-6

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Copernicus Publications
Résumé : This workshop report describes plans for scientific drilling in the Samail ophiolite in Oman in the context of past, current, and future research. Long-standing plans to study formation and evolution of the Samail crust and upper mantle, involving igneous and metamorphic processes at an oceanic spreading center, have been augmented by recent interest in ongoing, low temperature processes. These include alteration and weathering, and the associated sub-surface biosphere supported by chemical potential energy due to disequilibrium between mantle peridotite and water near the surface. This interest is motivated in part by the possibility of geological carbon capture and storage via engineered, accelerated mineral carbonation in Oman.
ISSN: 1816-8957

hal-00858243
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00858243
DOI : 10.2204/iodp.sd.15.10.2013

Éditeur(s) : Hyacinth M. Simpson Hyacinth M. Simpson ( Manitoba, Canada )
Résumé : The word macomère is widely used by women in the Caribbean to mean "my child's godmother"; "my best friend and close female confindante"; "my bridesmaid, or another female wedding member of a wedding party of which I was a bridesmaid"; "the godmother of the child to whom I am also godmother"; "the woman who, by virtue of the depth of her friendship, has rights and privileges over my child and is a surrogate mother." This name seems appropriate because it so clearly expresses the intimate relations which women in the Caribbean share, is so firmly gendered, and honors the importance of friendship in relation to the important rituals of marriage, birth, and (implied) death. Moreover, macomère is a French Creole word which, although related to the French language, has taken on a structure and meaning which is indigenous to the Caribbean. The word is spelled in this way, instead of in the clearly Creole manner (macumè, makumeh, macoomè, macomeh, and many other variants), so that the female connotations of the word are highlighted and those meanings which apply to males ("a womanish or gossipy man"; "a homosexual") are less obvious. In those islands where Krèol (linguistic term for the French patos) is the first language, the same term is used for both females and males with meaning determined by the context. In islands such as Trinidad, however, where English has overlain Krèol, the Creole (linguistic term for the English patois) has incorporated the redundant my macomè and macomè man, thus reinforcing both the perceptions of intimacy and the female quality of the term. Interestingly enough, Richard Allsopp in The Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage (Oxford University Press, 1996) has indicated the possibility that maku in Belize, with the meaning "midwife", is also derived from macomère. Hence, the word forces us to recall the continuities and correspondences in Caribbean languages and cultures, as well as the dynamic, creative, and transforming power of Creoles. In the purely English-speaking islands, the only comparable term is godmother (usually the mother's best friend). In the Hispanophone Caribbean, there is the similar comadre, although, as we would expect, some of the connotations are different. Join us in continuing to interrogate all the connotations of the meaning inherent in this culturally rich lexical item from the Caribbean Creoles.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
39971238

Éditeur(s) : Hyacinth M. Simpson James Madison University Hyacinth M. Simpson ( Manitoba, Canada ) James Madison University ( Harrisonburg, VA )
Résumé : The word macomère is widely used by women in the Caribbean to mean "my child's godmother"; "my best friend and close female confindante"; "my bridesmaid, or another female wedding member of a wedding party of which I was a bridesmaid"; "the godmother of the child to whom I am also godmother"; "the woman who, by virtue of the depth of her friendship, has rights and privileges over my child and is a surrogate mother." This name seems appropriate because it so clearly expresses the intimate relations which women in the Caribbean share, is so firmly gendered, and honors the importance of friendship in relation to the important rituals of marriage, birth, and (implied) death. Moreover, macomère is a French Creole word which, although related to the French language, has taken on a structure and meaning which is indigenous to the Caribbean. The word is spelled in this way, instead of in the clearly Creole manner (macumè, makumeh, macoomè, macomeh, and many other variants), so that the female connotations of the word are highlighted and those meanings which apply to males ("a womanish or gossipy man"; "a homosexual") are less obvious. In those islands where Krèol (linguistic term for the French patos) is the first language, the same term is used for both females and males with meaning determined by the context. In islands such as Trinidad, however, where English has overlain Krèol, the Creole (linguistic term for the English patois) has incorporated the redundant my macomè and macomè man, thus reinforcing both the perceptions of intimacy and the female quality of the term. Interestingly enough, Richard Allsopp in The Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage (Oxford University Press, 1996) has indicated the possibility that maku in Belize, with the meaning "midwife", is also derived from macomère. Hence, the word forces us to recall the continuities and correspondences in Caribbean languages and cultures, as well as the dynamic, creative, and transforming power of Creoles. In the purely English-speaking islands, the only comparable term is godmother (usually the mother's best friend). In the Hispanophone Caribbean, there is the similar comadre, although, as we would expect, some of the connotations are different. Join us in continuing to interrogate all the connotations of the meaning inherent in this culturally rich lexical item from the Caribbean Creoles.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
39971238