Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD ACSM
Résumé : International audience
PURPOSE AND METHODS: This study was designed to determine whether the physiological responses elicited during the run part of repeated bouts of cycle-run exercise are similar to those required during the run segment of a cycle-run succession. Thirteen male triathletes underwent four successive laboratory trials: 1) an incremental treadmill test, 2) an incremental cycle test, 3) 30 min of cycling followed by 20 min of running (C-R), and 4) five repeated bouts of 6 min of cycling and 4 min of running (X-CR). During the C-R and X-CR trials, venous blood samples were obtained to measure lactate, epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. During all trials, ventilatory data were collected every min using an automated breath-by-breath system. RESULTS: The results showed that 1) the cardiorespiratory responses observed during running were similar in the X-CR and C-R trials, 2) the lactate concentration was similar in both trials, 3) the epinephrine concentration was greater (277.9 +/- 11.9 vs 169.8 +/- 86.7 pg x mL(-1), P < 0.025) in X-CR than in C-R, and 4) the norepinephrine concentration was similar in both trials, except at the first cycle-run succession (T1) of X-CR. CONCLUSION: We concluded that 1) multi-block training is a good method to stimulate the specific adaptations required for the cycle-run succession, and particularly for the cycle-run transition, and 2) multi-block training seems to induce a greater catecholaminergic response, which may be due to a combination of an inherent effect of this type of training and the triathletes' relative lack of experience with it. In any case, the efficacy of the multi-block model needs to be more thoroughly evaluated over the course of a longer-term training program.
Medicine & Science in Sports & exercise

hal-00720475
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720475
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720475/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720475/file/Article_2_.pdf

Éditeur(s) : University of West Indies, Trinidad &Tobago Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on milk composition of the inclusion of a fixed amount of solid prebiotic celmanac into a dairy feed before milking in lactating cows. Fourteen lactating cows, 3-4 mo lactating, were randomly equal in terms of approximate days into lactation, and allocated to one of two treatment groups: Control no Supplementation and Celmanax supplemented. Milk samples were collected every 7 days for approximately 8 weeks and sent to the lab for milk composition analysis and Draminski score testing. Cows supplemented with Celmanax had a higher (p<0.05) butter fat content (2.91%) when compared to the control (2.48%). SNF, protein & lactose percentages were lower (p<0.05) than the control Milk fat, SNF, or lactose percentages were not affected by treatment (P>.01) In conclusion, butterfat percentage was higher for cows supplemented with Celmanax than supplemented cows.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16310
V16310

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The effect of ambient ammonia and molt stage on the physiological response of the blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris was studied. Shrimps were submitted to 54.6 mg l(-1) ammonia-N (1.76 mg l(-1) NH3-N) for 24 h. Only shrimps in stages C, D-0, D-1 and D-2 were used for the analysis. Haemolymph was assayed for osmoregulatory capacity (OC), magnesium ion (Mg ion), total proteins, oxyhaemocyanin, lactate and glucose. Molt stage had an effect on OC, Mg ion and total proteins in control shrimps, and on OC, Mg ion and lactate in treated animals. Ammonia treatment decreased OC and lactate, and increase Mg ion concentration in haemolymph, for all molt stages. It decreased significantly total proteins and oxyhaemocyanin for stages D-1 and D-2, and increased glucose concentration for stages C and Do. There was a combined effect of treatment and molt stage only on total proteins concentration. The effects of an external factor (ammonia), an internal one (molt stage) and the combination of both, and the usefulness of using physiological parameters measured in this study as tools to detect stress, are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology (0022-0981) (Elsevier), 2004-09 , Vol. 309 , N. 1 , P. 35-46

Droits : 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/publication-371.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.jembe.2004.03.008
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/371/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : We studied the effects of a lactic acid bacterium, Pediococcus acidilactici (strain MA 18/5M, CNCM), as a dietary probiotic on growth performance and some nutritional and microbiological aspects of the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris. Experimental shrimp culture was carried out over 10 weeks, using floating cages of 14 m(2) each set in earthen ponds, in a New Caledonia farm affected by "Summer syndrome", a septicaemic vibriosis caused by Vibrio nigripulchritudo. The experiment design testing probiotic-coated pellets against control was replicated in two earthen ponds. High mortalities, characteristic of Summer syndrome, were observed during the first 2 weeks of the trial. The probiotic improved production in the treated cages from both ponds with increases in the survival rate (7% and 15% respectively) and final biomass (8% and 12% respectively). No differences were recorded among treatments on growth performances, but significant lower food conversion ratios were obtained with probiotic treatment. After 5 weeks of rearing, the Hepatosomatic Index and the adjusted dry weight of the digestive gland were significantly increased by 10% and by 9% respectively in shrimps treated with probiotic. In the meantime, the specific activities of alpha amylase and trypsin in the digestive gland showed a significant effect of the probiotic treatment with respective increases by 35% and 55%. The rise in total trypsin activity following morning feeding was also enhanced by the probiotic treatment (P < 0.001). The highest concentration of probiotic (between 10(4)-10(5) CFU g(-1) of fresh gut) in the shrimp gut was obtained 2 h after feeding. The concentration remained high for 4 h after feeding before decreasing until the next meal. Total bacterial counts on Marine agar and TCBS in the gut were significantly lowered by the probiotic treatment over the 10 weeks of the experiment. Additionally, during the first 2 weeks, prevalence and load of V nigripulchritudo strains in haemolymph was lower in animals fed with the probiotic diet. This study demonstrated, under pond conditions, that feeding shrimp with live terrestrial lactic acid bacteria can be an effective treatment for improving shrimp culture affected by vibriosis. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2008-03 , Vol. 275 , N. 1-4 , P. 182-193

Droits : 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4079.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.01.011
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4079/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Previous studies have reported respiratory, cardiac and muscle changes at rest in triathletes 24 h after completion of the event. To examine the effects of these changes on metabolic and cardioventilatory variables during exercise, eight male triathletes of mean age 21.1 (SD 2.5) years (range 17-26 years) performed an incremental cycle exercise test (IET) before (pre) and the day after (post) an official classic triathlon (1.5-km swimming, 40-km cycling and 10-km running). The IET was performed using an electromagnetic cycle ergometer. Ventilatory data were collected every minute using a breath-by-breath automated system and included minute ventilation (V(E)), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio, ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (V(E)/VO2) and for carbon dioxide (V(E)/VCO2), breathing frequency and tidal volume. Heart rate (HR) was monitored using an electrocardiogram. The oxygen pulse was calculated as VO2/HR. Arterialized blood was collected every 2 min throughout IET and the recovery period, and lactate concentration was measured using an enzymatic method. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was determined using conventional criteria. Ventilatory threshold (VT) was determined using the V-slope method formulated earlier. Cardioventilatory variables were studied during the test, at the point when the subject felt exhausted and during recovery. Results indicated no significant differences (P > 0.05) in VO2max [62.6 (SD 5.9) vs 64.6 (SD 4.8) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)], VT [2368 (SD 258) vs 2477 (SD 352) ml x min(-1)] and time courses of VO2 between the pre- versus post-triathlon sessions. In contrast, the time courses of HR and blood lactate concentration reached significantly higher values (P < 0.05) in the pre-triathlon session. We concluded that these triathletes when tested 24 h after a classic triathlon displayed their pre-event aerobic exercise capacity, bud did not recover pretriathlon time courses in HR or blood lactate concentration.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

hal-00720432
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720432
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720432/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720432/file/Article_2.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The effect of ambient ammonia, hypoxia and combination of both on survival and the physiological and immunological response of the blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris in relation to molt stage was studied. Shrimp were submitted to 44.0-71.5 mg 1(-1) total ammonia-N corresponding to 2.0 mg 1(-1) unionized ammonia NH3-N and/or to 1.5 mg O-2 1(-1) (4.3 kPa) for 24 hours. Survival was recorded and the molt stages of both dead and surviving shrimp determined. Only shrimp in intermolt and premolt stages were sampled for analysis of haemolymph. Haemolymph was assayed for osmoregulatory capacity (OC), magnesium ion (Mg2+), calcium ion (Ca2+), total proteins, oxyhaemocyanin, lactate, glucose and total haemocyte count (THC). Low mortalities were recorded for shrimp submitted independently to ammonia or hypoxia. Seventy five percent of dead shrimp were in early post molt (stage A) in ammonia treatment, while hypoxia affected mainly late premolt animals (stage D-2). A synergic effect of ammonia and hypoxia combination (A+ O-2 treatment) on mortality was observed, affecting nearly exclusively shrimp in late premolt stage D-2. Analysis of molt stage repartition at the end of the experiment suggests that ammonia treatment may have accelerated molting. The common physiological response of shrimp to the different treatments was characterized by a reduced OC and an increase in Ca2+. Increase in Mg2+ could not be validated by the statistical analysis, as well as glycaemia variations. Plasmatic lactate level increased and THC decreased in shrimp submitted to hypoxia and the combination of hypoxia and ammonia. Total proteins concentration was reduced in ammonia and A+O-2 treatments. The effect was more pronounced in late premolt shrimp than in intermolt shrimp. Combination of ammonia and hypoxia led to a physiological response stronger than this observed for ammonia-alone and/or hypoxia-alone treatments, except for oxyhaemocyanin. The effects of each external factor (ammonia, hypoxia) and the combination of both, and internal one (molt stage) are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2008-02 , Vol. 274 , N. 2-4 , P. 398-407

Droits : 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4092.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.11.033
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4092/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
Nous avons comparé les concentrations sanguines de lactate chez huit triathètes au cours d'un test triangulaire, avant et après (22,4 ± 2,6 heures) un triathlon classique. Les résultats montrent des concentrations sanguines de lactate significativement plus basses après le triathlon, malgré une puissance maximale (Pmax) et une consommation maximale d'oxygène (VO2max) comparables lors des deux tests triangulaires. Cette baisse des concentrations de lactate sanguin observée après le triathlon est interprétée comme étant le résultat d'une diminution des réserves de glycogène musculaire, d'une réutilisation plus grande du lactate produit, d'un recours plus important aux substrats lipidiques, ainsi que d'une diminution des catécholamines circulantes lors du test réalisé après le triathlon.
ISSN: 0765-1597

hal-00720458
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720458
DOI : 10.1016/S0765-1597(99)80005-7

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
It is becoming clear that the female brain has an inherent plasticity that is expressed during reproduction. The changes that occur benefit the offspring, which in turn secures the survival of the mother’s genetic legacy. Thus, the onset of maternal motivation involves basic mechanisms from genetic expression profiles, to hormone release, to hormone-neuron interactions, all of which fundamentally change the neural architecture – and for a period of time that extends, interestingly, beyond the reproductive life of the female. Although multiple brain areas involved in maternal responses are discussed, this review focuses primarily on plasticity in the maternal hippocampus during pregnancy, the postpartum period and well into aging as it pertains to changes in cognition. In addition, the effects of prolonged and repeated stress on these dynamic responses are considered. The maternal brain is a marvel of directed change, extending into behaviors both obvious (infant-directed) and less obvious (predation, cognition). In sum, the far-reaching effects of reproduction on the female nervous system provide an opportunity to investigate neuroplasticity and behavioral flexibility in a natural mammalian model.
ISSN: 0018-506X

hal-01169791
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01169791
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01169791/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01169791/file/Neuroplasticity%20In%20The%20Maternal%20Hippocampus_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Thieme Publishing
Résumé : International audience
To determine the effect of triathlete performance level on the cardiorespiratory responses elicited by the cycle-run succession, eight regionally and nationally-ranked (Competitive) and five internationally-ranked (Elite) male triathletes underwent four successive laboratory trials: 1) an incremental treadmill test, 2) an incremental cycle test, 3) 30 min of cycling followed by 20 min of running (C-R), and 4) a 20-min control run (R) at the same speed as the run in C-R. Before and 10 min after the third and fourth trials the triathletes underwent lung function testing: spirometry and diffusing capacity testing for carbon monoxide (DL(CO)). During the C-R trial blood samples were drawn to measure venous lactate concentration. During all trials ventilatory data were collected every minute using an automated breath-by-breath system. The results showed that 1) the oxygen uptake (VO2) of post-cycling running versus running alone was similar for both groups; 2) the ventilatory responses (VE, VE/VO2, VE/VC02 and f) of C-R running versus R were significantly higher (P < 0.005) for the Competitive group; and 3) a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in DL(CO) was also noted after the C-R trial in the Competitive group but not in the Elite group. We concluded that 1) the ventilatory responses during a run subsequent to cycling may be related to the triathlete performance level, and 2) the C-R trial induced specific alterations in pulmonary function that may be associated with respiratory muscle alteration and exercise-induced hypoxemia in the Competitive triathletes.
ISSN: 0172-4622

hal-00720719
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720719

Éditeur(s) : Society for General Microbiology
Résumé : A novel piezotolerant, mesophilic, facultatively anaerobic, organotrophic, polarly flagellated bacterium (strain LT13a(T)) was isolated from a deep sediment layer in the Nankai Trough (Leg 190, Ocean Drilling Program) off the coast of Japan. This organism used a wide range of organic substrates as sole carbon and energy sources: pyruvate, glutamate, succinate, fumarate, lactate, citrate, peptone and tryptone. Oxygen, nitrate, fumarate, ferric iron and cystine were used as electron acceptors. Maximal growth rates were observed at a hydrostatic pressure of 10 MPa. Hydrostatic pressure for growth was in the range 0.1-50 MPa. Predominant cellular fatty acids were 16:1 omega7c, 15: 0 iso, 16: 0 and 13: 0 iso. The G + C content of the DNA was 44.9 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain LT13a(T) was shown to belong to the gamma-Proteobacteria, being closely related to Shewanella putrefaciens (98%), Shewanella oneidensis (97%) and Shewanella baltica (96 %). Levels of DNA homology between strain LT13a(T) and S. putrefaciens, S. oneidensis and S. baltica were < 20 %, indicating that strain LT13a(T) represents a novel species. Genetic evidence and phenotypic characteristics showed that isolate LT13a(T) constitutes a novel species of the genus Shewanella, Because of the deep origin of the strain, the name Shewanella profunda sp. nov. is proposed, with LT13a(T) (= DSM 15900(T)-JCM 12080(T)) as the type strain.
International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology (1466-5026) (Society for General Microbiology), 2004-11 , Vol. 54 , N. 6 , P. 1943-1949

Droits : 2004 International Union of Microbiological Societies
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/publication-590.pdf
DOI:10.1099/ijs.0.03007-0
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/590/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Leg ulcer is a disabling complication in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) but the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the hematological and hemorheological alterations associated with recurrent leg ulcers. Sixty-two SCA patients who never experienced leg ulcers (ULC-) and 13 SCA patients with a positive history of recurrent leg ulcers (ULC+) - but with no leg ulcers at the time of the study - were recruited. All patients were in steady state condition. Blood was sampled to perform hematological, biochemical (hemolytic markers) and hemorheological analyses (blood viscosity, red blood cell deformability and aggregation properties). The hematocrit-to-viscosity ratio (HVR), which reflects the red blood cell oxygen transport efficiency, was calculated for each subject. Patients from the ULC+ group were older than patients from the ULC- group. Anemia (red blood cell count, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels) was more pronounced in the ULC+ group. Lactate dehydrogenase level was higher in the ULC+ group than in the ULC- group. Neither blood viscosity, nor RBC aggregation properties differed between the two groups. HVR was lower and RBC deformability tended to be reduced in the ULC+ group. Our study confirmed increased hemolytic rate and anemia in SCA patients with leg ulcers recurrence. Furthermore, our data suggest that although systemic blood viscosity is not a major factor involved in the pathophysiology of this complication, decreased red blood cell oxygen transport efficiency (i.e., low hematocrit/viscosity ratio) may play a role.
ISSN: 1932-6203

inserm-00922105
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00922105
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00922105/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00922105/file/2013_Connes_-_Decreased_Hematocrit.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0079680

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
With the growing use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications (SSRIs) for the treatment of depression during the perinatal period, questions have been raised about the longterm impact of these medications on development. We aimed to investigate how developmental SSRI exposure may alter affect-related behaviors and associated molecular processes in offspring using a rodent model of maternal stress and depression. For this purpose, prenatally stressed or non-stressed male offspring were exposed to fluoxetine (5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle, via lactation, until weaning. Primary results show that postnatal fluoxetine exposure differentially altered anxiety-like behavior by increasing anxiety in non-stressed offspring and decreasing anxiety in prenatally stressed offspring. In the hippocampus, developmental fluoxetine exposure decreased BDNF IV and TrkB mRNA expression. Prenatal stress alone also decreased escape behaviors and decreased hippocampal BDNF IV mRNA expression. These data provide important evidence for the long-term programming effects of early-life exposure to SSRIs on brain and behavior.
ISSN: 0012-1630

hal-01305478
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01305478
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01305478/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01305478/file/Developmental%20SSRIs%2C%20anxiety%20and%20BDNF_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1002/dev.21385

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: The use of pesticides and the related environmental contaminations can lead to human exposure to various molecules. In early-life, such exposures could be responsible for adverse developmental effects. However, human health risks associated with exposure to complex mixtures are currently under-explored. OBJECTIVE: THIS PROJECT AIMS AT ANSWERING THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: What is the influence of exposures to multiple pesticides on the metabolome? What mechanistic pathways could be involved in the metabolic changes observed? METHODS: Based on the PELAGIE cohort (Brittany, France), 83 pregnant women who provided a urine sample in early pregnancy, were classified in 3 groups according to the surface of land dedicated to agricultural cereal activities in their town of residence. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analyses were performed on urine samples. Partial Least Squares Regression-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and polytomous regressions were used to separate the urinary metabolic profiles from the 3 exposure groups after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: The 3 groups of exposure were correctly separated with a PLS-DA model after implementing an orthogonal signal correction with pareto standardizations (R2 = 90.7% and Q2 = 0.53). After adjusting for maternal age, parity, body mass index and smoking habits, the most statistically significant changes were observed for glycine, threonine, lactate and glycerophosphocholine (upward trend), and for citrate (downward trend). CONCLUSION: This work suggests that an exposure to complex pesticide mixtures induces modifications of metabolic fingerprints. It can be hypothesized from identified discriminating metabolites that the pesticide mixtures could increase oxidative stress and disturb energy metabolism.
ISSN: 1932-6203

inserm-00863407
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00863407
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00863407/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00863407/file/journal.pone.0064433.pdf
PUBMED : 23704985

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication exposure during the perinatal period can have a long term impact in adult offspring on neuroplasticity and the serotonergic system, but the impact of these medications during early development is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of developmental exposure to the SSRI, fluoxetine, on the serotonergic system, dopaminergic system, and synaptophysin density in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, as well as number of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus, in juvenile rat offspring at weaning. To model aspects of maternal depression, prenatal restraint stress was used. Sprague-Dawley rat offspring were exposed to either prenatal stress and/or fluoxetine. Main findings show that developmental fluoxetine exposure to prenatally stressed offspring decreased 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels and altered the dopaminergic system in the hippocampus. Prenatal stress, regardless of fluoxetine, increased synaptophysin density in the PFC. This work indicates that early exposure to maternal stress and SSRI medication can alter brain monoamine levels and synaptophysin density in offspring at weaning. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol
ISSN: 0012-1630

hal-01237091
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01237091
DOI : 10.1002/dev.21372
PUBMED : 26477449

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
A recent study suggested that adenosine signaling pathway could promote hemolysis in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). This signaling pathway involves several gene coding enzymes for which variants have been described. In this study, we analyzed the genotype-phenotype relationships between functional polymorphisms or polymorphisms associated with altered expression of adenosine pathway genes, namely adenosine deaminase (ada; rs73598374), adenosine A2b receptor (adora2b; rs7208480), adenylyl cyclase6 (adcy6; rs3730071, rs3730070, rs7300155), and hemolytic rate in SCA patients. One hundred and fifty SCA patients were genotyped for adcy6, ada, and adora2b variants as well as alpha-globin gene, a genetic factor known to modulate hemolytic rate. Hematological and biochemical data were obtained at steady-state. Lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, reticulocytes and total bilirubin were used to calculate a hemolytic index. Genotype-phenotype relationships were investigated using parametric tests and multivariate analysis. SCA patients carrying at least one allele of adcy6 rs3730070-G exhibited lower hemolytic rate than non-carriers in univariate analysis (p=0.006). The presence of adcy6 rs3730070-G variant was associated with a decreased hemolytic rate in adjusted model for age and alpha-thalassemia (p=0.032). Our results support a protective effect of adcy6 rs3730070-G variant on hemolysis in SCA patients.
ISSN: 1079-9796

hal-01668332
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01668332
DOI : 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.02.006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Objectives To investigate the association between priapism in men with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and hemorheological and hemolytical parameters. Materials and Methods Fifty-eight men with SCA (median age: 38 years) were included; 28 who had experienced priapism at least once during their life (priapism group) and 30 who never experienced this complication (control group). Twenty-two patients were treated with hydroxycarbamide, 11 in each group. All patients were at steady state at the time of inclusion. Hematological and biochemical parameters were obtained through routine procedures. The Laser-assisted Optical Rotational Cell Analyzer was used to measure red blood cell (RBC) deformability at 30 Pa (ektacytometry) and RBC aggregation properties (laser backscatter versus time). Blood viscosity was measured at a shear rate of 225 s(-1) using a cone/plate viscometer. A principal component analysis was performed on 4 hemolytic markers (i.e., lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), total bilirubin (BIL) levels and reticulocyte (RET) percentage) to calculate a hemolytic index. Results Compared to the control group, patients with priapism exhibited higher ASAT (p = 0.01), LDH (p = 0.03), RET (p = 0.03) levels and hemolytic indices (p = 0.02). Higher RBC aggregates strength (p = 0.01) and lower RBC deformability (p = 0.005) were observed in patients with priapism compared to controls. After removing the hydroxycarbamide-treated patients, RBC deformability (p = 0.01) and RBC aggregate strength (p = 0.03) were still different between the two groups, and patients with priapism exhibited significantly higher hemolytic indices (p = 0.01) than controls. Conclusion Our results confirm that priapism in SCA is associated with higher hemolytic rates and show for the first time that this complication is also associated with higher RBC aggregate strength and lower RBC deformability.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01390971
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01390971
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0154866
PUBMED : 27145183

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Cancer cells display alterations in many cellular processes. One core hallmark of cancer is the Warburg effect which is a glycolytic reprogramming that allows cells to survive and proliferate. Although the contributions of environmental contaminants to cancer development are widely accepted, the underlying mechanisms have to be clarified. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), the prototype of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, exhibits genotoxic and carcinogenic effects, and it is a human carcinogen according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In addition to triggering apoptotic signals, B[a]P may induce survival signals, both of which are likely to be involved in cancer promotion. We previously suggested that B[a]P-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions, especially membrane hyperpolarization, might trigger cell survival signaling in rat hepatic epithelial F258 cells. Here, we further characterized these dysfunctions by focusing on energy metabolism. We found that B[a]P promoted a metabolic reprogramming. Cell respiration decreased and lactate production increased. These changes were associated with alterations in the tricarboxylic acid cycle which likely involve a dysfunction of the mitochondrial complex II. The glycolytic shift relied on activation of the Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) and appeared to be a key feature in B[a]P-induced cell survival related to changes in cell phenotype (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell migration).
ISSN: 2045-2322

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01359569
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01359569
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01359569/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01359569/file/The%20environmental%20carcinogen-CCBY%20%281%29.pdf
DOI : 10.1038/srep30776

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The aim of this study was to examine the heart rate (HR) response to Olympic windsurfing competition and to check if there was any correlation between racing HR, performance, and the variables measured during laboratory maximal exercise. Ten elite windsurfers [age: 20.93 (3.46) years; height: 178.10 (6.34) cm; body mass: 66.79 (5.90) kg] performed a laboratory maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) trial and national windsurf competitions wearing a HR monitor. One hundred and forty-three individual races were examined. Racing HR was expressed as a percentage of (1) HRmax (maximal treadmill HR) and (2) HRreserve (HRmax)HRrest). The performance (racing classification: RC, which is inversely proportional to performance) was significantly correlated to the racing HR response in both light wind (LW): LW)RC=)0.12(%HRreserve)+13.03; r=)0.71, r2=0.50, p<0.001, and medium wind (MW): MW)RC=)0.11(%HRreserve)+10.99; r=)0.66, r2=0.43, p<0.001. The results showed similar correlations between performance and %HRmax. Post racing lactate concentration was higher in LW compared to MW [7.14 (0.21) and 5.18 (2.02) mmolÆl)1, respectively]. There was a negative correlation between the highest racing HR (%HRreserve) of each athlete and the second ventilatory threshold expressed as a percentage of VO2max (r=-0.71, p<0.05). To summarize, this study showed that light and medium wind Olympic windsurfing performances are highly dependent on the capacity of the athlete to maintain a high HR for long periods of time. Furthermore, windsurfing is highly dependent on the athlete's physical fitness level as shown by the correlations between racing HRs and laboratory physiological variables.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

hal-00720564
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720564
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720564/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00720564/file/Chamari_Wind_surf_and_Heart_rat.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Obesity is currently an increasing public health problem. The intra-uterine environment plays a critical role in foetal development. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of obesity with modifications in the metabolic profiles of pregnant women, and their new-borns. Based on the PELAGIE cohort (Brittany, France), a sample of 321 pregnant women was divided into three groups according to their body mass index (BMI) (normal, over-weight and obese). Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analyses were performed on maternal urine and cord-blood samples. Partial least squares regression-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), polytomous and logistic regressions were used to differentiate the metabolic profiles of the three BMI groups after adjusting for potential confounders. Specific profiles were observed for the overweight and obese women (BMI > 25) compared to the normal-weight women: they had a decrease in urinary hippurate excretion associated with a decrease in phenylalanine and an increase in creatinine. We also showed an increase in the urinary excretion of lactate, citrate, acetate, creatine, and lysine only in obese women (BMI > 30) compared to the normal-weight women. The PLS-DA modelling did not reveal any significant difference between the cord-blood metabolic profiles of newborns according to maternal BMI—although infants born of obese women had a higher birth weight and a lower Apgar score. Our results confirmed the potential link between obesity and gut microbiota disruption (changes in urinary acids), as well as energy and amino-acid metabolism but did not reveal any disruption among newborns.
Metabolomics

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01195742
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01195742
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01195742/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01195742/file/Impact%20of%20maternal%20obesity_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1007/s11306-015-0836-1