Éditeur(s) : University of Florida University of Florida ( Gainesville, FL )
Résumé : Sustainable Development Practice (MDP) Program final field practicum report
The MDP Program is administered jointly by the Center for Latin American Studies and the Center for African Studies.

Droits : Copyright Hans Goertz. Permission granted to the University of Florida to digitize, archive and distribute this item for non-profit research and educational purposes. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00023803/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Academic Press
Résumé : International audience
Marines Protected Areas (MPAs) are commonly used around the world as management tools to promote the sustainable use of marine resources. It is assumed that MPAs secure human livelihoods and well-being by protecting marine ecosystems and ecosystem services. However, the links between ecological effects of MPAs and services have rarely been explored. Here we review the different impacts of MPAs on ecosystem functioning and service provision. Results highlight that empirical evidence for positive effects of MPAs on ecosystem service provision by coastal marine ecosystems is accumulating. Finally, we identified knowledge gaps on which future research efforts could focus and empower marine resource managers to make more informed decisions and maximize the value derived from their natural resource base.
Aquatic Functional Biodiversity: an Ecological and Evolutionary Perspective

ISBN : 978-0-12-417015-5
hal-01199217
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01199217
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-12-417015-5.00009-8

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The Black Rat (Rattus rattus) spread out of Asia to become one of the world's worst agricultural and urban pests, and a reservoir or vector of numerous zoonotic diseases, including the devastating plague. Despite the global scale and inestimable cost of their impacts on both human livelihoods and natural ecosystems, little is known of the global genetic diversity of Black Rats, the timing and directions of their historical dispersals, and the risks associated with contemporary movements. We surveyed mitochondrial DNA of Black Rats collected across their global range as a first step towards obtaining an historical genetic perspective on this socioeconomically important group of rodents. We found a strong phylogeographic pattern with well-differentiated lineages of Black Rats native to South Asia, the Himalayan region, southern Indochina, and northern Indochina to East Asia, and a diversification that probably commenced in the early Middle Pleistocene. We also identified two other currently recognised species of Rattus as potential derivatives of a paraphyletic R.rattus. Three of the four phylogenetic lineage units within R. rattus show clear genetic signatures of major population expansion in prehistoric times, and the distribution of particular haplogroups mirrors archaeologically and historically documented patterns of human dispersal and trade. Commensalism clearly arose multiple times in R. Rattus and in widely separated geographic regions, and this may account for apparent regionalism in their associated pathogens. Our findings represent an important step towards deeper understanding the complex and influential relationship that has developed between Black Rats and humans, and invite a thorough re-examination of host-pathogen associations among Black Rats.
PLoS ONE

ird-00714383
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00714383
http://hal.ird.fr/ird-00714383/document
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0026357
IRD : fdi:010055548

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : It is increasingly recognized that maintaining biodiversity is of fundamental importance toward sustaining human livelihoods. One of the major assets of the region identified as “Latin America and the Caribbean” (LAC) is its biological wealth; by extension, the continued biodiversity loss of the LAC region is seen as one of the world’s principal environmental problems. The marine resources of Caribbean Sea are of vital economic, ecological and social importance to the LAC region, and are under particular threat. Marine turtles play vital roles throughout the Caribbean Sea both in terms of ecological functions and human welfare. Conservation efforts in this direction can often depend on the ability to place a value on welfare changes associated with the loss of ecosystem goods and services into which biodiversity plays an integral role.Using the ecosystem service categories of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, this paper discusses from an inter-disciplinary perspective the methodologies associated with linking marine turtles, ecosystem services and human welfare. While the main economic benefit to be currently valued may stem from the eco-tourism potential surrounding turtle nesting sites, for a true picture of the environmental resources upon which this service depends, it is necessary to also identify the other provisioning, regulating and cultural services of the resource. In this way, human welfare impacts can be more truly judged, and effective resource management can be undertaken.
La préservation de la biodiversité est d'une importance fondamentale pour le maintien des moyens de subsistance de l'homme. L'un des atouts majeurs de l’ensemble régional que constitue l'Amérique latine et les Caraïbes (LAC) demeure sa richesse biologique, par extension, toute dégradation de sa biodiversité pose des problèmes environnementaux d’ordre mondial. Les ressources marines de la mer des Caraïbes, qui sont particulièrement menacées, sont d'une importance économique, écologique et sociale vitale pour la région. Les tortues marines jouent un rôle essentiel dans la mer des Caraïbes à la fois en termes de fonctions écologiques et de bien-être humain.En ce sens, les efforts de conservation peuvent de la capacité de chiffrer la valeur sur le bien-être des changements associés à la perte de biens et de services des écosystèmes dans lesquels la biodiversité est partie intégrante. En utilisant les catégories de services des écosystèmes du Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, la présente étude aborde, dans une perspective interdisciplinaire, les méthodologies associées aux interrelations entre les tortues marines, les services écosystémiques et le bien-être de l'homme.Si le principal avantage économique actuellement identifié repose sur le potentiel écotouristique, autour des sites de nidification des tortues, pour une image fidèle des ressources environnementales sur lesquelles ce service repose, il est nécessaire d'identifier également les autres apports de la ressource, en termes de régulations, de services culturels. De cette façon, les impacts sur le bien-être humain peuvent être mieux appréhendés et les ressources peuvent être gérées de façon plus efficace.
Caraïbes

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.10990
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/10990

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : La sous-préfecture de Madingo-Kayes est arrosée par le bassin du Kouilou-Niari. Celui-ci constitue une niche écologique d’une grande diversité d’espèces halieutiques. Ces espèces sont recherchées par les populations locales pour leur rôle d’appoint dans la lutte contre l’insécurité alimentaire et leur contribution aux moyens d’existence et aux économies rurales. Le poisson, dont la consommation fournit près de 70 % de protéines animales à Madingo-Kayes, provient essentiellement de la pêche artisanale (avec l’utilisation d’outils rudimentaires tels que la nasse, le filet, la ligne, etc.). La recette mensuelle générée par cette activité oscille entre 250 000 et 500 000 FCF, soit environ un million de FCFA par année. Les principales espèces capturées sont les poissons-chat électriques (Malapterurus electricus), les poissons de la famille des Mormyridae, etc. Elles sont soit consommées sur place, soit écoulées à Pointe-Noire, ville où la demande est très forte.
The sub-prefecture of Madingo-Kayes is watered by the Kouilou-Niari basin. This constitutes an ecological niche of a wide variety of fish species sought by local people for their supporting role in the fight against food insecurity and their contribution to livelihoods and rural economies. Fish consumption in Madingo-Kayes provides nearly 70% of animal protein. The monthly recipe fish production in the district is between 250 000 and 500 000 FCFA. It is estimated an average of one million a year. The fishery is artisanal, with the use of simple tools such as the trap, net, line, etc. The main species of fish are captured electric catfish (Malapterurus electricus), fish of the family Mormyridae, etc. They are either consumed in the localities for food reasons or passed in Pointe-Noire, the city where the fish demand is very strong for mercantile reasons.
Madingo-Kayes
Congo RD

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.10391
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/10391