Éditeur(s) : INRA : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation University of Suriname
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : The import data from the Ministry of Trade indicates that Suriname has increased pesticides imports over the last five years. According to research evidence, as much as 80% of potential production in various crops including rice would be lost as a result of agricultural pests without crop protection measures. Even though the benefits of chemical pesticides use are clear, negative health and environmental impacts of their use are also evident. In lieu of this information a study was conducted to determine small rice farmers? perceptions on their knowledge of pesticide use, and safety of pesticides in rice production For this investigation a questionnaire was adapted from a pesticide use survey to generate and collect meaningful data on perceptions of small rice farmer?s knowledge and practices related to pesticide use and safety aspects in rice production in Nickerie. The sample population consisted of 200 small rice farmers.?The collected data was analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Descriptive statistics and correlation were used to describe the data. Findings reveal that the rice farmers are male, on the average older than 50 years and have more than 15 years of experience with rice production. Results also reveal that farmers perceive the recommended dosage as too little and therefore increase the dosage. They often mix different types of pesticides and do not use all of their protective equipment while spraying. Based on the results it is recommended to develop pesticide policies to stimulate farmers to practice safe pesticide use in Suriname. Les données d'importation du ministère du commerce indiquent que le Surinam a augmenté des importations de pesticides au cours des cinq dernières années. Selon des preuves de recherches, pas moins de 80% de production potentielle dans diverses cultures comprenant le riz serait perdu en raison des parasites agricoles sans mesures de protection des cultures. Quoique les avantages d'une utilité chimique de pesticides soient clairs, la santé et les impacts sur l'environnement négatifs de leur utilisation est également évident. Au lieu de cette information une étude a été entreprise pour déterminer les perceptions des petits agriculteurs de riz sur leur connaissance d'utilisation de pesticide, et la sécurité des pesticides dans la production de riz. Pour cette enquête un questionnaire a été adapté d'une enquête d'utilisation de pesticide pour se produire et rassembler des données significatives sur des perceptions de la connaissance du petit agriculteur de riz et des pratiques s'est rapporté aux conditions de sécurité d'utiliser-et de pesticide dans la production de riz dans Nickerie. La population témoin s'est composée de 200 petits agriculteurs de riz. Les données rassemblées ont été analysées utilisant SPSS et Microsoft Excel. Des statistiques descriptives et la corrélation ont été employées pour décrire les données. Les résultats indiquent que les agriculteurs de riz sont masculins, les plus vieux que 50 années moyennes et ont plus de 15 ans d'expérience avec la production de riz. Les résultats indiquent également que les agriculteurs perçoivent le dosage recommandé en tant que trop peu et augmentent donc le dosage. Ils souvent mélangent différents types de pesticides et n'utilisent pas tout leur équipement de protection tout en pulvérisant. Basé sur les résultats on lui recommande de développer des politiques de pesticide pour stimuler des agriculteurs pratiquer l'utilisation sûre de pesticide au Surinam.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16248
V16248

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
In vertebrates, brain functional asymmetries are widespread and increase brain performance. Some species of fishes are known to have brain asymmetries; however, little information is available on brain lateralization in coral reef fishes and the impact this could have during the recruitment phase. In this study, soldierfish, Myripristis pralinia, at the larval and juvenile stage recognized conspecifics through visual cues. Larvae with the ablation of either the right or left telencephalic hemisphere lost the attraction towards conspecific cues. In contrast, juveniles with the ablation of the right (but not left) telencephalic hemisphere still displayed a preference towards conspecific visual cues. These results suggest the left telencephalic hemisphere is responsible for the lateralization process used in the visual recognition of coral reef fish juveniles. The determinism of lateralized perception of conspecifics during fish ontogeny may be a consequence of genetic factors, linked with the metamorphosis processes and/or environmental factors such as predation at recruitment.
ISSN: 0003-3472

hal-01340504
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01340504
DOI : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.04.011

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Depuis le xviie siècle, le canal du Midi connaît des conflits d’usage et des paysages forts différents. Actuellement, les Voies Navigables de France (VNF) comme la population locale et les touristes se confrontent à une crise paysagère et environnementale majeure. La disparition des platanes centenaires à cause du champignon et de l’épidémie du chancre coloré est inéluctable. Cette crise bouleverse les niveaux d’information et de perception d’un espace touristique de première importance pour la France avec une inscription au patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco en 1996. Les arbres sont un marqueur d’une identité paysagère et de représentations touristiques très fortes. À partir d’une recherche archivistique inédite portant sur l’évolution du paysage et de l’action des acteurs, couplée à une enquête de terrain entre 2008 et 2013 sur le comportement des touristes et des promeneurs, nos résultats montrent que l’action de protection et de conservation de ce paysage rentrent dans une alliance renouvelée entre le tourisme de masse et le tourisme responsable, ils en deviennent interdépendants. La communication et la pédagogie environnementale auprès du grand public sur le degré de nature de ce site rentrent aussi dans une action à son tour résiliente et de développement durable, les ambivalences des comportements des usagers dans leur vision d’un site touristique hybride s’observent.
Since the seventeenth century, the canal du Midi known conflicts of use and a variety of landscapes. Currently, Waterways of France (VNF) as the local population and tourists are confronted with a major landscape and environmental crisis. The disappearance of the old plane because of the fungus and the epidemic of colored canker is inevitable. This crisis disrupts levels of information and perception of a tourist area of prime importance for France with an inscription on the World Heritage by UNESCO in 1996. Trees are a marker of landscape identity and tourist representations very strong. From unprecedented archival research on the changing landscape and action actors, coupled with fieldwork between 2008 and 2013 on the behavior of tourists and walkers, our results show that the action of protection and conservation of the landscape fit into a renewed relationship between mass tourism and alternative tourism alliance, they become interdependent. Communication and environmental education to the public on the state of nature of this site are also included in an action to turn its resilient and sustainable development, the ambivalences of user behavior in their vision of a hybrid attraction are observed.
Desde el siglo XVII, el canal du Midi conocido conflictos de usar y varios paisajes. Actualmente, Vías Navegables de Francia (VNF) como la población local y los turistas se enfrentan a una crisis ambiental y paisaje. La desaparición de los plátanos por el champiñón y la epidemia del cancro colorido es inevitable. Esta crisis altera los niveles de información y la percepción de una zona turística de gran importancia para Francia con una inscripción en el Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO en 1996. Los árboles son un marcador de la identidad del paisaje y representaciones turísticas muy fuertes. De investigación de archivo original sobre la evolución del paisaje y la acción de los actores, junto con el trabajo de campo entre 2008 y 2013 en el comportamiento de los turistas y caminantes locales, nuestros resultados muestran que la acción de protección y conservación de la forma del paisaje en una renovada relación y la alianza entre el turismo de masas y el turismo alternativo, se vuelven interdependientes. Comunicación y educación ambiental al público sobre el estado de la naturaleza de este sitio se incluyen en una acción para activar su desarrollo resiliente y sostenible, las ambivalencias de comportamiento de los usuarios en su visión de un sitio turístico híbrido se observan.
France
Canal du Midi

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.7566
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/7566

Éditeur(s) : Oxford Univ Press
Résumé : Biological reference points are important tools for fisheries management. Reference points are not static, butmay change when a population's environment or the population itself changes. Fisheries-induced evolution is one mechanism that can alter population characteristics, leading to "shifting" reference points by modifying the underlying biological processes or by changing the perception of a fishery system. The former causes changes in "true" reference points, whereas the latter is caused by changes in the yardsticks used to quantify a system's status. Unaccounted shifts of either kind imply that reference points gradually lose their intended meaning. This can lead to increased precaution, which is safe, but potentially costly. Shifts can also occur in more perilous directions, such that actual risks are greater than anticipated. Our qualitative analysis suggests that all commonly used reference points are susceptible to shifting through fisheries-induced evolution, including the limit and "precautionary" reference points for spawning-stock biomass, B-lim and B-pa, and the target reference point for fishing mortality, F-0.1. Our findings call for increased awareness of fisheries-induced changes and highlight the value of always basing reference points on adequately updated information, to capture all changes in the biological processes that drive fish population dynamics.
Ices Journal Of Marine Science (1054-3139) (Oxford Univ Press), 2013-07 , Vol. 70 , N. 4 , P. 707-721

Droits : 2013 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00151/26228/24302.pdf
DOI:10.1093/icesjms/fst077
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00151/26228/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Laboratoire Arago
Résumé : International audience
As it is unlikely that successful settlement is solely a matter of chance (i.e. tofind a suitable habitat), one of the greatest challenges facing the fish larvae is how to locate therelatively rare patches of coral reef habitat on which they settle and ultimately reside as adults.The answer must lie partly in the sensory modalities of fishes at settlement. Habitat selection isonly possible if fish larvae could detect some environmental cues to select a suitable reef habitatat settlement. The present review aims at providing the latest works dealing with informationperception in coral reef fish larvae at settlement. Two decades ago, it was generally assumedthat larval behaviors and sensory abilities at settlement were considered too feeble to significantlyaffect dispersal outcomes. Several recent studies showed that recognition of suitable reefhabitats by fish larvae at settlement is based on a combination of visual, chemical and acousticcues. The first part of our review shows the main advances in the knowledge of visual, chemicaland acoustic cues used by fish larvae to detect an island, a reef, a micro-habitat, a conspecific orsome predators. The second part of our review deals with the effect of imprinting and/or innatecapabilities. The third part focuses on the different cues used at different scales and underlinessome contradictory results about the distance of transmission and detection of chemical andacoustic cues in coral reefs. Finally, as global and regional environmental changes have stressedcoral reefs to such an extent that they are either destroyed or in decline, the fourth part presentsthe effects of both anthropogenic and environmental stressors on information perception andresponse capacities in coral reef fish larvae. If polluted seawater disrupts the larval abilities tofind a suitable reef habitat, fish larvae may spend more time in the planktonic environment,resulting in increased energetic costs and predation risk, and consequently a lower larval settlement.We hypothesise that as the stability of fish communities is dependent, in part, on the stabilityof social interactions, the disruption of “larvae-habitat relationships” can have major consequencesfor larval settlement into adult population with further repercussions for the ecosystemas a whole. Overall, larval settlement of coral reef fish is an excellent example of the complexityof interactions between an organism and its environment as without perceiving environmentalcues, fish larva would have very little chance of selecting a suitable reef habitat. Moreover,understanding the relationship between reef state and settlement potential will allow managementplanning for the maintenance of coral reefs that are increasingly degraded.
ISSN: 0240-8759

hal-01191776
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01191776

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is a non-bacterial seafood poisoning well characterized in the remote archipelagos of French Polynesia, yet poorly documented in the Society archipelago, most notably on Moorea, the second most populated island in French Polynesia, which counts a high proportion of fishermen fishing on a regular basis. To address this knowledge gap, a holistic study of the ciguatera issue was conducted on Moorea. First, ciguatera risk was analysed in terms of incidence rate, fish species most commonly involved and risk stratification in Moorea lagoon based on 2007–2013 epidemiological data. A mean incidence rate of 8 cases per 10,000 inhabitants for the study period and an average under-reporting rate of 54% were found. Taking into account hospitalization and medication fees, and loss of productive days, the health-related costs due to CFP were estimated to be USD $1613 and $749 for each reported and unreported case, respectively, with an overall cost of USD $241,847 for the study period. Comparison of the present status of CFP on Moorea with a risk map established in the late 1970’s showed that the spatial distribution of the risk has stayed relatively stable in time, with the north shore of the island remaining the most prone to ciguatera. Evaluation of the current knowledge on CFP among different populations groups, i.e. fishermen, residents and visitors, was also conducted through direct and indirect interviews. About half of the fishermen interviewed were actually able to identify risky fishing areas. While, overall, the CFP risk perception in the fishing community of Moorea seemed accurate, although not scientifically complete, it was sufficient for the safe practice of their fishing activities. This may be due in part to adaptive responses adopted by 36% of the fishermen interviewed, such as the avoidance of either high-risk fishing sites or toxic species. At the residents and visitors’ level, the study points out a striking lack of awareness of the CFP issue among visitors, as compared to local residents. Indeed, less than 25% of Moorea visitors vs. an average of 98% in residents were aware of CFP or of its presence on the island. Interestingly, evaluation of the fish consumption preferences showed that 70% of visitors do not consume lagoon fish during their stay, not for fear of CFP, but mainly due to the lack of availability of these species in recreational facilities or because they have nutritional preference for pelagic fish. This lack of awareness, along with the report by several CFP patients of the consumption of fish species yet banned for sale, stress the need for improved communication efforts on this critical issue among both residents and visitors on Moorea. The implementation of a public outreach strategy is proposed, based on both existing information networks and low-cost communication actions through information displays at various strategic locations, e.g. Tahiti-Faa’a international airport, the ferry boat station, recreational facilities, as well as the major trading points on Moorea Island.
ISSN: 1568-9883

hal-01391648
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01391648
DOI : 10.1016/j.hal.2016.10.003

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
This paper discusses and analyses the productivity of solar home systems in isolated areas in French Guiana, a region characterized by specific human and environmental conditions.Its aim is a better understanding of the attitudes, expectations, and relationship of the users towards the solar home system. The data collected made it possible to make suggestions for adapting the photovoltaic systems to their environment by taking into account social, cultural, and geoclimatic specificities. Analysis of on-site productivity provides valuable information on energy profiles and types of use. Field surveys made it possible to associate users’ perception of the energy production equipment and their degree of satisfaction with operating efficiency and on-site maintenance. This aspect is essential for analyzing the actual rate of use of the energy that is theoretically available.Parallel to these surveys, the results of the study carried out on the performance of the solar home systems made it possible to learn the quantitative aspects of the energy produced and consumed as well as the qualitative aspects of the parameters that condition the performance of the photovoltaic systems.After keyboarding, the subjective, qualitative as well as the quantitative variables were processed using a statistical analysis program in order to determine the correlations between them and to prepare the final conclusions.
ISSN: 1364-0321

hal-01304585
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01304585
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01304585/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01304585/file/article%20RSER%20Hal.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.rser.2009.06.015

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Résumé : Les mutations continues de l’environnement culturel des habitants de Guyane favorisent une prise de conscience des attentes des populations locales et de leur demande sociale en matière de lecture publique. Cela devrait à terme susciter l’émergence d’un public « avisé » malgré l’influence de la tradition orale. Par conséquent, face à la complexité du terrain sociologique, il est nécessaire de modifier les stratégies des acteurs et de les adapter aux réalités sociales et à la vie quotidienne des populations concernées. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, sur quelles représentations sociales peuvent reposer les interventions des acteurs ? Cette question trouvera sa réponse dans une perception objective de la réalité sociale des populations locales.
The ongoing evolutions of the cultural environment of Guianese people promote awareness of the expectations of local people and their social demand for public reading. This should eventually lead to the emergence of a public informed despite the influence of oral tradition. Therefore, given the complexity of the sociological field, it is necessary to change the players' strategies and adapt to social realities and daily lives of the people concerned. What social representations should the performances of actors be based on in order to reach these objectives? The answer to that question will be found thanks to an objective look at the social reality of the local populations.

urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.4460
http://etudescaribeennes.revues.org/4460

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Les mutations continues de l’environnement culturel des habitants de Guyane favorisent une prise de conscience des attentes des populations locales et de leur demande sociale en matière de lecture publique. Cela devrait à terme susciter l’émergence d’un public « avisé » malgré l’influence de la tradition orale. Par conséquent, face à la complexité du terrain sociologique, il est nécessaire de modifier les stratégies des acteurs et de les adapter aux réalités sociales et à la vie quotidienne des populations concernées. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, sur quelles représentations sociales peuvent reposer les interventions des acteurs ? Cette question trouvera sa réponse dans une perception objective de la réalité sociale des populations locales.
The ongoing evolutions of the cultural environment of Guianese people promote awareness of the expectations of local people and their social demand for public reading. This should eventually lead to the emergence of a public informed despite the influence of oral tradition. Therefore, given the complexity of the sociological field, it is necessary to change the players' strategies and adapt to social realities and daily lives of the people concerned. What social representations should the performances of actors be based on in order to reach these objectives? The answer to that question will be found thanks to an objective look at the social reality of the local populations.
Guyane française

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.7870
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/7870

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This paper addresses the problem of word spotting in handwritten documents. The method is segmentation-free and follows the query-by-string paradigm. In the paper, we focus on the first step of the whole bio-inspired process that is based on two filtering steps, which are a global filtering followed by a more local filtering after a change of observation scale. The contribution of this approach is the use and the generalization of the Haar-Like-Features for the analysis of the document images, inspired from the famous visual perception principle. Different pieces of information are extracted from the whole image before drawing a conclusion, after a process of accumulation of votes. The method is evaluated using the IAM Handwriting Database.
17th Biennial Conference of the International Graphonomics Society
Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe

hal-01165920
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165920
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165920/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165920/file/IGS_2015_submission_33.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The development of transport infrastructures lead to increase the exposure of population to high noise levels. The objective of this work is to define an indicator representative of the health risk induced by noise pollution in urban environment and adapted to the geographical resolution of IRIS. The methodology for the definition of the indicator considers in a first part the health aspect with the health data for the following effects: annoyance, sleep disturbance and cardiovascular diseases. Then, in a second part, methodology considers some effects related to the urban context since the configuration of urban space can change the exposure of population to noise and the perception of noise. The work is achieved with a GIS software and the input acoustical data comes from noise maps calculated for the END. The indicator seems to be relevant and interesting as it brings health information.
InterNoise 2010 Noise and Sustainability
Lisbonne, Portugal

halshs-00664636
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00664636

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Background: During the last decade, French Guiana has been affected by major dengue fever outbreaks. Although this arbovirus has been a focus of many awareness campaigns, very little information is available about beliefs, attitudes and behaviors regarding vector-borne diseases among the population of French Guiana. During the first outbreak of the chikungunya virus, a quantitative survey was conducted among high school students to study experiences, practices and perceptions related to mosquito-borne diseases and to identify socio-demographic, cognitive and environmental factors that could be associated with the engagement in protective behaviors. Methodology/Principal Findings: A cross-sectional survey was administered in May 2014, with a total of 1462 students interviewed. Classrooms were randomly selected using a two-stage selection procedure with cluster samples. A multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) associated with a hierarchical cluster analysis and with an ordinal logistic regression was performed. Chikungunya was less understood and perceived as a more dreadful disease than dengue fever. The analysis identified three groups of individual protection levels against mosquito-borne diseases: “low” (30%), “moderate” (42%) and “high” (28%)”. Protective health behaviors were found to be performed more frequently among students who were female, had a parent with a higher educational status, lived in an individual house, and had a better understanding of the disease. Conclusions/Significance: This study allowed us to estimate the level of protective practices against vector-borne diseases among students after the emergence of a new arbovirus. These results revealed that the adoption of protective behaviors is a multi-factorial process that depends on both sociocultural and cognitive factors. These findings may help public health authorities to strengthen communication and outreach strategies, thereby increasing the adoption of protective health behaviors, particularly in high-risk populations. © 2016 Fritzell et al.
ISSN: 1935-2727

hal-01467556
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467556
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005081
PUBMED : 27802275