Éditeur(s) : INRA : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : In the new context of the agro-ecological transition, present agricultural systems will have to produce more and better in a more constraint world. Mixed crop livestock systems (MCLS) represent sound alternative ways to progressively achieve these goals through crop-livestock integration (CLI). CLI exploits the synergies between cropping and livestock systems through organic fertilization with manure or plant association, use of crop residues to feed livestock, .... It offers many opportunities to improve productivity, as well as to increase resource use efficiency and improve the resilience of the whole farming system. In the scientific literature, authors advocate the interest of MLCS and CLI, based on theoretical considerations, modelling and empirical evidence from local case studies. But these studies do not clearly identify the respective roles of diversity of activities and CLI management practices in improving performances at the level of the whole farming system. Our aim was thus to assess CLI at farm scale in a range of MCLS and to explain farm performances by analyzing the combination of activities and the level of integration. We conducted our analyses in Guadeloupe, (French West Indies), where MCLS and CLI are complex but important challenges for local agricultural. In order to analyze CLI in a holistic and systemic way, we applied a method traditionally used in ecology, ecological network analysis, to study the structure, functioning and performance of agrosystems. This method was implemented on a range of Guadeloupian MCLS where CLI practices where identified. Nitrogen was retained to conduct the analysis due to its central role for both animal and vegetal productions. The ENA method allows an estimation of productivity, resilience, efficiency, productivity and self- sufficiency of the flows network. Our results show that 1/ efficiency and resilience appear correlated to the complexity and intensity of the network of flows; 2/ efficiency and resiliency are positively correlated when we consider them in terms of N flows; 3/ in the Guadeloupian context, CLI concerns mainly specific practices, as feeding pigs with a wide range of crop residues and organic fertilization of small market gardens and plots used to grow tubers. But at whole system level, CLI remains rare and mainly depends on conventional management practices as mineral fertilization and animal complementation of some farming activities as sugar cane, cattle breeding and banana. Moreover, the combination of productions implemented determines the potential of CLI and related performances linked to relative N efficiency of each production. Consequently, performance and especially efficiency and self-sufficiency depend more on the nature of the activity than on CLI management practices. There is still a gap between theoretical studies and CLI in practice, even though CLI is more complicated than simple flows and provides other services and functions. Dans le nouveau contexte de la transition agro-écologique, les systèmes agricoles actuels devront produire plus et les améliorer dans plus de monde de contrainte. Les systèmes mélangés de bétail de culture (MCLS) représentent des manières alternatives saines d'atteindre progressivement ces buts par l'intégration de culture-bétail (CLI). Le CLI exploite les synergies entre l'emblavage et les systèmes de bétail par la fertilisation organique avec l'association d'engrais ou d'usine, utilisation des résidus de culture d'alimenter le bétail,?. Il donne beaucoup d'occasions d'améliorer la productivité, aussi bien que d'augmenter l'efficacité d'utilisation de ressource et d'améliorer la résilience du système d'exploitation agricole entier. Dans la littérature scientifique, les auteurs préconisent l'intérêt de MLCS et de CLI, basé sur des considérations théoriques, modeler et des preuves empiriques des études de cas locales. Mais ces études n'identifient pas clairement les rôles respectifs de la diversité des activités et des pratiques de gestion de CLI en améliorant des interprétations au niveau du système d'exploitation agricole entier. Notre but était ainsi d'évaluer le CLI à l'échelle de ferme dans une gamme de MCLS et d'expliquer des interprétations de ferme en analysant la combinaison des activités et du niveau de l'intégration. Nous avons réalisé nos analyses en Guadeloupe, (des Antilles françaises), où MCLS et le CLI sont des défis complexes mais importants pour agricole local. Afin d'analyser le CLI d'une manière holistique et systémique, nous avons appliqué une méthode traditionnellement employée en écologie, analyse réseau écologique, pour étudier la structure, le fonctionnement et l'interprétation des agrosystems. Cette méthode a été appliquée sur une chaîne de Guadeloupian MCLS où des pratiques en matière de CLI où identifiée. L'azote a été maintenu pour réaliser l'analyse due à son rôle central pour les productions animales et végétales. La méthode d'ENA permet une évaluation de la productivité, de la résilience, de l'efficacité, de la productivité et de l'autosuffisance du réseau d'écoulements. Nos résultats prouvent que 1 efficacités et résiliences semblent corrélées avec la complexité et l'intensité du réseau des écoulements ; 2 efficacité et élasticité sont franchement corrélés quand nous les considérons en termes d'écoulements de N ; 3 dans le contexte de Guadeloupian, CLI concerne principalement des pratiques spécifiques, en tant que les porcs de alimentation par un large éventail de résidus de culture et de fertilisation organique de petits jardins du marché et complots employés pour cultiver des tubercules. Mais à au niveau système entier, le CLI demeure rare et dépend principalement des pratiques de gestion conventionnelles en tant que complémentation minérale de fertilisation et d'animal de quelques activités agricoles comme canne à sucre, élevage et banane. D'ailleurs, la combinaison des productions mises en application détermine le potentiel du CLI et des interprétations relatives liés à l'efficacité relative de N de chaque production. En conséquence, l'interprétation et particulièrement l'efficacité et l'autosuffisance dépendent davantage de la nature de l'activité que sur des pratiques de gestion de CLI. Il y a toujours un espace entre les études et le CLI théoriques dans la pratique, quoique le CLI soit plus compliqué que des écoulements simples et fournisse d'autres services et fonctions.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16247
V16247

Éditeur(s) : INRA : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation University of Suriname
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : The import data from the Ministry of Trade indicates that Suriname has increased pesticides imports over the last five years. According to research evidence, as much as 80% of potential production in various crops including rice would be lost as a result of agricultural pests without crop protection measures. Even though the benefits of chemical pesticides use are clear, negative health and environmental impacts of their use are also evident. In lieu of this information a study was conducted to determine small rice farmers? perceptions on their knowledge of pesticide use, and safety of pesticides in rice production For this investigation a questionnaire was adapted from a pesticide use survey to generate and collect meaningful data on perceptions of small rice farmer?s knowledge and practices related to pesticide use and safety aspects in rice production in Nickerie. The sample population consisted of 200 small rice farmers.?The collected data was analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Descriptive statistics and correlation were used to describe the data. Findings reveal that the rice farmers are male, on the average older than 50 years and have more than 15 years of experience with rice production. Results also reveal that farmers perceive the recommended dosage as too little and therefore increase the dosage. They often mix different types of pesticides and do not use all of their protective equipment while spraying. Based on the results it is recommended to develop pesticide policies to stimulate farmers to practice safe pesticide use in Suriname. Les données d'importation du ministère du commerce indiquent que le Surinam a augmenté des importations de pesticides au cours des cinq dernières années. Selon des preuves de recherches, pas moins de 80% de production potentielle dans diverses cultures comprenant le riz serait perdu en raison des parasites agricoles sans mesures de protection des cultures. Quoique les avantages d'une utilité chimique de pesticides soient clairs, la santé et les impacts sur l'environnement négatifs de leur utilisation est également évident. Au lieu de cette information une étude a été entreprise pour déterminer les perceptions des petits agriculteurs de riz sur leur connaissance d'utilisation de pesticide, et la sécurité des pesticides dans la production de riz. Pour cette enquête un questionnaire a été adapté d'une enquête d'utilisation de pesticide pour se produire et rassembler des données significatives sur des perceptions de la connaissance du petit agriculteur de riz et des pratiques s'est rapporté aux conditions de sécurité d'utiliser-et de pesticide dans la production de riz dans Nickerie. La population témoin s'est composée de 200 petits agriculteurs de riz. Les données rassemblées ont été analysées utilisant SPSS et Microsoft Excel. Des statistiques descriptives et la corrélation ont été employées pour décrire les données. Les résultats indiquent que les agriculteurs de riz sont masculins, les plus vieux que 50 années moyennes et ont plus de 15 ans d'expérience avec la production de riz. Les résultats indiquent également que les agriculteurs perçoivent le dosage recommandé en tant que trop peu et augmentent donc le dosage. Ils souvent mélangent différents types de pesticides et n'utilisent pas tout leur équipement de protection tout en pulvérisant. Basé sur les résultats on lui recommande de développer des politiques de pesticide pour stimuler des agriculteurs pratiquer l'utilisation sûre de pesticide au Surinam.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16248
V16248

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles AIHP-GEODE : Archéologie Industrielle, Histoire, Patrimoine/Géographie- Développement Environnement de la Caraïbe HARCMAR : Histoire et Archéologie Maritimes des Petites Antilles
Extrait de : "Entre exclusif et contrebande, le commerce colonial aux Antilles XVIIe-début XIXe siècle" : journées d'étude, du 24 au 26 octobre 2019. Université des Antilles
Description : This research will unveil the tensions between international, regional, and local interests which drove colonial officials and merchants on St. Thomas, St. Eustatius, Dutch St. Maarten, St. Bartholomew, and Saba to engage in illegal trade and logistical relations with privateers, pirates, and slave trading vessels between 1816-1840. Along with an analysis of eastern Caribbean trade networks through surviving shipping records, extensive government correspondence, court records, and accounts in historic newspapers from the region, this will subsequently permit insights into how the shifting bounds and tolerances of legal and illicit trade by colonial officials on these islands fostered a smuggling and laundering ring for ships, goods, and people engaged in privateering, piracy during the Latin American Wars of Independence and the later Cisplatine War, and the post-abolition slave trade. By understanding the processes involved in smuggling and laundering illegal prizes by privateers and pirates, direct evidence these activities can become visible in the archaeological record through a predictive model based upon local practices of intentionally sinking illegally captured ships.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V19111
V19111

Résumé : From the PNCR, GAP MPs free to vote conscience on gay rights bill By Johann Earle Stabroek News June 11, 2003 The PNCR will allow its members to vote their conscience on the controversial Constitution (Amendment) Act of 2001 which seeks to prevent discrimination against persons on the basis of their sexual orientation and other grounds. A number of religious organisations are opposed to the passage of the bill because it includes sexual orientation as one of the grounds. They are concerned that it could lead to a legalisation of homosexual relations and demands for recognition of gay marriages among other things. PNCR Member of Parliament (MP) Vincent Alexander told a forum at the National Library on Saturday, that the Bill did not seek to legalise homosexuality, but to ensure that persons would not be discriminated against based on their sexual preferences. He was one of two parliamentarians who showed up - the other being PNCR member, Myrna Peterkin. The forum was organised by Students Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination (SASOD), a group comprising fifteen students from the University of Guyana which was formed about two weeks ago. Alexander expects the vote on the bill to come up before the National Assembly in a matter of months. Paul Hardy, Leader of the Guyana Action Party (GAP), told Stabroek News that his party would not be using the so-called parliamentary whip. He added that GAP took a decision that every member should vote according to his or her own conscience. “We have no right to deny the rights of others based on sexual orientation. [The Bill] will guarantee rights to the homosexual.” GAP is in Parliament as part of an alliance with the Working People’s Alliance. GAP/WPA has two MPs. The bill was met with rejection from some members of the religious community in 2001 and as a result of this, the President did not assent to it. In a statement on Monday, the Central Islamic Organisa-tion of Guyana (CIOG) said that it stood in firm opposition to the Bill. The CIOG says the general purpose of the bill may be commendable and that the organisation’s objection is not based on a willingness to promote discrimination. Rather, the CIOG said, it was based on the fact that specific legal protection on the basis of sexual orientation without definition or qualification gives tacit legitimacy to practices which are considered criminal in Islam. “It is foreseeable that such a legal nod of approval (subtle as it may be) of these practices may pave the way for greater social (or even legal) acceptability in the future which, from the perspective of all Muslims including those in Guyana, is an undesirable and sinful outcome,” the CIOG statement said. At Saturday’s event, Muslim teacher Moulana Mohamed Ali Zenjibari spoke of instances of abuse, discrimination and harsh penalties meted out to gay and lesbian persons in countries such as Iran and Saudi Arabia and noted that the Quran did not sanction such punishments for homosexual behaviour. President of the CIOG, Fazeel Ferouz told Stabroek News that a meeting to discuss a strategy with regards to the bill was planned for tomorrow with various religious groups. Stabroek News tried to get a comment on the issue from the PPP/C but to no avail. ROAR leader, Ravi Dev said that his party was now having discussions on the issue. ROAR feels that it is an important question which has to do with morality and should be discussed across the country. He added legislators had to be in tune with their constituents on the issue. SASOD is lobbying for the legislation through the sensitisation of MPs. Keimo Benjamin, a law student at UG, gave a presentation based on the jurisprudential aspects of the discussion on sexual orientation. He argued that morality should not be the only guiding principle on which to base the laws. Sexual activities between two consenting male adults in private could not be equated with a violation of a person’s rights, he said, making the point that the thrust of his presentation was not whether homosexuality was wrong, but whether it violated the rights of others. He said that the attitudes of some towards this subject were based on preconceived notions and prejudices. He cited studies to show that the suppression of certain perceived deviant sexual impulses in persons might do more harm than good. One Harvard University study of teens who said they were gay indicated that those teens were three times more likely to commit suicide. Vidyaratha Kissoon, of Help and Shelter, in his contribution on Saturday, expressed his displeasure at the low turnout at the forum and urged the parliamentarians who showed up to take the message to their colleagues. He noted that because of homophobia, the numerical minority was terrified of speaking out against instances of discrimination. Gays and lesbians in Guyana were subjected to ridicule and abuse, and walk the streets at night not looking for sex necessarily, but for the companionship of persons who empathise with them. During his presentation, Joel Simpson, another member of SASOD, outlined a number of changes made within national jurisdictions that had international implications. One such crucial change was South Africa’s 1996 adoption of a new constitution, making that country the first in the world to expressly include sexual orientation as a prohibited ground of discrimination. It was the first time a developing country had taken the lead with respect to the rights of sexual minorities. He also said that according to Douglas Sanders, a Canadian jurist, the rights of homosexual, bisexual or transsexual men and women had never been officially recognised by the United Nations, despite the fact that international laws on the issue began to emerge at the close of the Second World War. Simpson said that under Article 170 (5), as amended by Section 8 of the Constitution (Amendment) (No. 4) Act 2000, the President is required to assent to any bill which is returned by the National Assembly unaltered after a two-thirds majority within 90 days of its presentation to him. To the parliamentarians present, Simpson stressed that the onus was now on them to adequately represent their constituents which include lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual Guyanese. http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news301/ns306115.htm and Vote on sexual orientation should be a matter of conscience - MP Alexander By Esther Elijah Guyana Chronicle June 8, 2003 PEOPLE’S National Congress (PNC/R) Member of Parliament Mr. Vincent Alexander, said the Opposition will vote on “conscience” when the piece of legislation on sexual orientation is again brought before the National Assembly. “With specific reference to my party, when this Bill gets back to the Parliament in the spirit of the arguments here, we will not use the `whip’. Our party will not say we have to vote for the provision (in the Sexual Orientation Bill). We will allow our members to vote as a matter of conscience,” he told participants gathered in the Conference Room of the National Library. “We feel this is a matter of conscience. You may end up with a collective position but you have to deal with us individually,” Alexander said at a poorly attended public consultation aimed at gaining support for sexual orientation to be considered a fundamental right in Guyana. Alexander, one of the main persons who sat on the Constitutional Reform Commission that addressed this controversial clause, said the legislation was not meant to legalise homosexual activities in Guyana. “It was intended to ensure that persons who have an orientation - a way of thinking - which may or may not lead to a certain activity, to not be discriminated against, in terms of their rights,” he explained. Alexander noted that very often, discussions on the sexual orientation provision in the Bill have led to seepages into other areas where debates centre on the “right to be homosexual.” “I am saying the Bill does not comment on that… However, law is peculiar, especially in a Common Law system. Once you venture out and change the law, very often you open other windows which we cannot definitively say exist or does not exist in advance,” he said. “The fear of some people is that the legislators might say one thing and the Courts will eventually say something else. While some people can’t argue against the law, per say, they will say this has opened a window of opportunity not meant to be opened. So, it is better to stay without a window than open it and then have a possibility of something you didn’t intend to happen - happening sometime in the future.” Alexander added: “I want to say I’ve found this activity to have been rich from the perspective of the amount of research which was done by student (speakers). Without any comment as to whether I agree with the arguments, I would wish that much more research on other issues be done by students, and that at the University (of Guyana) students would find it convenient to have forums on other issues, with the same depth of research for their own intellectual development.” Alexander and other Opposition M.P, Lurlene Nestor were the only three Parliamentarians in attendance at the session organised by the recently formed `Students Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination’ (SASOD), a group that has a membership of 15 mostly University of Guyana (UG) students from various faculties. SASOD was established two weeks ago. With the exception of members of the press, the consultation only managed to attract 11 persons, a handful of who were SASOD members. While congratulating the students for an “insightful” presentation, Nestor pointed out that whether or not she chooses to agree with their position is “another issue” and she is entitled to her “own view”. “The issue of sexual orientation is very `toucheous’ …while we agree with the human rights provisions and all that as a society, we must also revert to our own society. Some of the very critical questions that I would want to ask is whether or not at the society (level) we are ready for that kind of thing,” she remarked. “We cannot, at (any) time, ignore the religious groups in our society. If we look at statistics going back to 1992 from a survey done by the Bureau of Statistics, we would see that a small section of the Guyanese population might be considered as people who do not subscribe to a religious view. While the laws are not necessarily based on moral values, we must acknowledge the fact that we might want to revert to many of the cases that (concern) laws that protect public morality.” Nestor told the speakers at the consultation these were some of the issues that they needed to deal with. She highlighted, too, that what must be examined is the effects of same-sex marriages on society and how this issue must be tackled. “These are some of the things we should consider and I don’t think you dealt with that in the presentations,” Nestor stated, adding that the issues must be addressed “frontally.” “Do we think that with the coming to being of this Bill that there might be quite a number of challenges to the Constitution in relation to the same issue of a man marrying a man? What do we do at the society (level)? Do we recognise that?” were the questions directed at the five speakers at the session. Nestor continued: “There is some argument that says, `Oh the Bill does not promote homosexuality or does not encourage a man to marry (another) man, but if you look at Section (15) that talks about `non-discrimination’ then how can we not, with the passage of this Bill, allow a man not to marry (another) man.” According to Nestor, matters of this nature constitute some of the “inconsistencies” of the Bill. On the argument raised by presenters at the session on who determines what is morality, Nestor said in the concept of democracy it is the people who are the determinants based on a “line of thinking.” She also rebutted on grounds that put the spotlight on teachers who may have been caught “interfering” with their young students and who may subsequently be dismissed from their jobs. “Could you imagine such a person interfering with a boy below age 10 - and by virtue of the fact that the Bill is there, the judges (in the case) will have to use their discretion in terms of what happens. We will have more Constitutional changes and problems (arising with the passage of the Bill).” SASOD member and law student, Joel Simpson, in reply, said he doesn’t think any homosexual in Guyana wants to “run into a church and ask that people marry them or anything of that sort.” At one point likening the church to a “club”, Simpson claimed the church has the right to exclude whomever it wants. He further stated that in accordance with the Constitution, people of the same sex do not currently have the right to marry, and will also not be able to do such an act with the passage of the Bill. However, Simpson said it is possible that the law, with the passage of the Bill, would have to recognise same-sex domestic partnerships in relation to employment benefits, sharing of properties, etc. Simpson said he believes there should be a realm of “public” and “private” morality between consenting adults, and implied that the Bill did not fully give “rights” to homosexuals. But, Nestor interjected: “I am informing you further…that the Sexual Orientation provision has, in fact, in some way recognised the rights of homosexuals and we must accept that.” Meanwhile, there was no vocal Christian representative(s) at the consultation and apart from the two Opposition representatives none other participant gave comments or directed questions at the presenters. Other speakers in support of the sexual orientation clause were: Moulana Mohammed Ali Zenjiban, Assistant Director of the International Islamic College; Denuka Radzik from Red Thread, Keimo Benjamin, UG law student and Vidyartha Kissoon from Help & Shelter. The Sunday Chronicle has been reliably informed that the Georgetown Ministers Fellowship, representing groups of Christian leaders staunchly against sexual orientation as a right in Guyana, have recently prepared a detailed 16-page document outlining issues arising from research to further boost their argument against the inclusion of the clause. The document is yet to be made public. http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news301/nc306083.htm

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http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00014700/00001

Éditeur(s) : University of Florida University of Florida ( Gainesville, FL )
Résumé : Sustainable Development Practice (MDP) Program final field practicum report
The MDP Program is administered jointly by the Center for Latin American Studies and the Center for African Studies.

Droits : Copyright Hans Goertz. Permission granted to the University of Florida to digitize, archive and distribute this item for non-profit research and educational purposes. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00023803/00001

Éditeur(s) : Caribbean InTransit Caribbean InTransit ( Virginia )
Résumé : Biennials & Arts Practices was conducted in conjunction with the Smithsonian Centre for Folklife and Cultural Heritage.

Droits : [cc by-nc-nd] This item is licensed with the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivative License. This license allows others to download this work and share them with others as long as they mention the author and link back to the author, but they can’t change them in any way or use them commercially.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00015096/00001

Résumé : Photo date stamped on back: June 16, 1979.
(Biographical) Tailor Ramón Puig, who was often referred to as “The King of the Guayaberas,” fled Cuba and settled in Miami in 1968. Forced to leave without any personal belongings, he returned to Cuba in the 1980s and retrieved them. Puig practiced his trade in South Florida until his passing in 2011.
Miami, Florida

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1995-277-17264
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00015713/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer International Publishing
Résumé : The intensive farming practices that have been developed over the past 60 years are based mainly on the use of chemical inputs such as fertilisers and pesticides, mechanical tillage and monoculture. The limitations of these methods are now clear: long-term degradation of soil fertility, impacts on the environment and human health, high consumption of fossil fuels, low efficiency of inputs and threats to food security in a context of climate change. Would farming practices that rely on the activation of ecological processes be an alternative to achieve a balance between high productivity and environmental preservation? While many studies suggest a positive relationship between soil biodiversity and ecosystem services, there is considerable debate on the form such agricultural systems should take. This study reviewed the state of current knowledge and identified aspects requiring further research to achieve the aim of sustainable intensification of agriculture. The following major points emerged: 1) Most studies focused on the evaluation of individual practices. However, changes in farmers’ cropping practices to take advantage of soil biodiversity services would need to manage not only the interactions between various practices but also the trade-off between the technical and socio economic constraints of cropping systems. Advances in agricultural system design approaches may help to ensure appropriate trade-offs. 2) More attention should be given to drawing on knowledge from different sources: laboratory studies focusing on the ecological functions of soil biodiversity, experimental surveys on farmers’ fields to rank the farming practices and processes to be included in site-specific models, and on- station experiments to test hypotheses and acquire additional reference material. 3) Whereas advances in technical and scientific knowledge provide an increasing number of relevant indicators for characterizing biodiversity and ecological functions, studies are rarely targeted at the development of indicators that are accessible to farmers or their technical advisors. The lack of indicators accessible to grassroots players for evaluating the impacts of their decisions on soil biodiversity remains a serious obstacle to the development of innovative agro-ecological systems.
Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 14

ISBN : 978-3-319-06015-6
hal-01268743
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01268743
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-319-06016-3_5
PRODINRA : 270786

Résumé : (Exhibitions) "Patterns Past and Present: Arts of Panama" at the Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art. The creature on this mola blouse has both human and animal features. It appears to be a woman with webbed hands and feet and amphibious limbs, suggesting she is part frog or turtle. The pointed teeth suggest she may be a nia, or demon. Alternatively, she may be a beneficent being, as the xray-like view of the ribcage may be an allusion to the use of turtle bones in healing practices.
An adhesive sticker (removed) reads b15.
(Internal Comments) removed for exhibit Patterns Past & Present at Harn Museum
Recto color: olive green Verso panel missing
Panama -- Kuna Yala -- San Blas Islands

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2013.9.60
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00018001/00001

Résumé : From the joint media release (http://sasod.blogspot.com/2013/09/joint-media-release-from-thesociety.html ) " The Chief Justice said that cross-dressing in a public place is an offence only if it is done for an improper purpose. The Chief Justice also found that the police violated the human rights of the four litigants in the case during their crackdown in February 2009 when they arrested them under section 153(1)(xlvii) of the Summary Jurisdiction (Offences) Act and he awarded each of the four arrested compensation of $40,000 (GYD) for breach of their rights to be informed as soon as reasonably practicable as to the reason(s) for their arrests under Article 139 (3) of the Guyana Constitution. Chief Justice Chang also decided that section 153 (1) (xlvii) of the Summary Jurisdiction (Offences) Act, is immune from the constitutional challenge brought by the four transgender litigants and their supporting organisations. As an 1893 law, pre-dating Guyana’s independence, the Chief Justice said “legislative rather than curial action is necessary to invalidate the provision.”

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http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00016900/00001

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles AREBio Groupe de recherche BIOSPHERES : BIOlogie, Sciences Physiques & Humaines pour les énergies Renouvelables, l
Extrait de : 1er colloque international BIOSPHERES, du 18 au 20 juin 2019. Université des Antilles
Description : In the current ecological, economic and social context, the systematic use of drugs (prescription or self-medication) has direct health and environmental consequences. As a result, it is important to understand their perception by their main consumers. In this sense, social and environmental psychology aims to highlight the socio-psychological factors likely to influence the actors to adopt new practices or not (Zbinden et al., 2011). The present study, conducted in 2016 in CACEM territory, focuses on the analysis of social representations (SR) of drugs of the population from Martinique. The theory of SR allows the analysis of this mediation between man and his physical and social environment because these representations are highly contextualized and depend on the social anchoring of the groups (Doise, 1992).

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V19084
V19084

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
Steel pan instruments were traditionally made from used steel oil drums or steel containers. This image shows young men playing steel pan instruments while standing in front of steel oil drums decorated with the Texaco logo and the word Astronauts. The Texaco Astronauts steel band, popular during the 1960s, were sponsored by Texaco, an oil company. In the distance are pedestrians on a nearby street. In the garden, near the practicing band, are empty tables and chairs on a gravel path. Mango, palm, and various trees grow in the garden.
Antigua and Barbuda -- Caribbean region -- Antigua

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 1:7
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00026945/00001

Résumé : (Biographical) From Wikipedia: John Frank Stevens (25 April 1853 – 2 June 1943) was an American engineer who built the Great Northern Railway in the United States and was chief engineer on the Panama Canal between 1905 and 1907. Biography: Stevens was born in rural Maine, near West Gardiner to John Stevens, a tanner and farmer, and Harriet Leslie French. He attended Maine State Normal School (now the University of Maine at Farmington) for two years. At the conclusion of his schooling in 1873, bleak economic conditions held little promise of a job, and he chose to go west. Entry into the field of civil engineering evolved from his experience in the Minneapolis city engineer's office. For two years he carried out a variety of engineering tasks, including surveying and building railroads, and at the same time gained experience and an understanding of the subject. He became a practical engineer, self-taught and driven by a self-described "bull-dog tenacity of purpose." In 1878 Stevens married Harriet T. O'Brien. They had five children, two of whom died in infancy. By the age of 33, in 1886, Stevens was principal assistant engineer for the Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway, and in charge of building the line from Duluth, Minnesota to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, across the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Although a large part of his work involved surveying, he assisted in all phases of railroading: reconnaissance, locating, organizing, and construction. In 1889, Stevens was hired by James J. Hill as a locating engineer for the Great Northern Railway. Stevens earned wide acclaim in 1889 when he explored Marias Pass, Montana, and determined its practicability for a railroad. Stevens was an efficient administrator with remarkable technical skills and imagination. He discovered Stevens Pass through the Cascade Mountains, set railroad construction standards in the Mesabi Range of northern Minnesota, and supervised construction of the Oregon Trunk Line. Hill promoted him to chief engineer in 1895, and later to general manager. During his time at the Great Northern, Stevens built over a thousand miles of railroad, including the original Cascade Tunnel. Stevens Pass in the Cascade Range was named for him. (Most other Pacific Northwest landmarks with the word "Stevens" are named after Isaac Stevens, who is of no relation.) Panama Canal: Stevens left the Great Northern in 1903 for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad, where he was promoted to vice-president. Then, in 1905, at Hill's recommendation, he was hired by Theodore Roosevelt as chief engineer on the Panama Canal. Stevens' primary achievement in Panama was to build the infrastructure needed for the completion of the canal. "The digging," he said, "is the least thing of all." He proceeded immediately to build warehouses, machine shops, and piers. Communities for the personnel were planned and built to include housing, schools, hospitals, churches, and hotels. He authorized extensive sanitation and mosquito-control programs that eliminated yellow fever and other diseases from the Isthmus. Reflecting his background, he saw the early stage of the canal project itself as primarily a problem in railroad engineering, which included rebuilding the Panama Railway and devising a rail-based system for disposing of the soil from the excavations. Stevens argued the case against a sea level canal like the French had tried to build. He successfully convinced Theodore Roosevelt of the necessity of a high-level canal built with dams and locks. Resignation: Stevens resigned suddenly from the Canal project in 1907 to Roosevelt's great annoyance, as the focus of the work turned to construction of the canal itself. As a railroad engineer, Stevens had little expertise in building locks and dams, and probably realized he was no longer the best person for the remainder of the job. Stevens would also have been aware that the original great Cascade Tunnel, for which he was responsible, was in hindsight built in error too close to the ruling grade and was perhaps turning from a credit to a debit. The true reasons for his resignation have never been known. Subsequent career: Following the collapse of Imperial Russia in 1917, leaders of the provisional government appealed to President Wilson for help with their transportation systems. Stevens was selected to chair a board of prominent U.S. railroad experts sent to Russia to rationalize and manage a system that was in disarray; among his work was on the Trans-Siberian Railway. After the overthrow of the provisional government, the board's work ceased. Stevens remained in Allied-occupied Manchuria and in 1919 headed the Inter-Allied Technical Board charged with the administration and operation of the Chinese Eastern and Siberian railways. He remained in an advisory capacity until occupying Allied troops were withdrawn; he finally left in 1923. After his return to the United States Stevens continued to work as a consulting engineer, ending his career in Baltimore in the early 1930s. He was awarded the Franklin Institute's Franklin Medal in 1930. He then retired to Southern Pines, North Carolina, where he died at the age of 90 in 1943.
Digital version only, no paper copy in collection archives.

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http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00029596/00001

Éditeur(s) : University of Florida University of Florida ( [Gainesville, FL] )
Résumé : Sustainable Development Practice (MDP) Program final field practicum report
The MDP Program is administered jointly by the Center for Latin American Studies and the Center for African Studies.

Droits : Copyright Gentry Mander. Permission granted to the University of Florida to digitize, archive and distribute this item for non-profit research and educational purposes. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00023805/00001

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : Introduction of non-indigenous species can alter marine communities and ecosystems. In shellfish farming, transfer of livestock, especially oysters, is a common practice and potentially constitutes a pathway for non-indigenous introductions. Many species of seaweeds are believed to have been accidentally introduced in association with these transfers, but there is little direct evidence. We experimentally simulated the transfer of oysters from the Thau Lagoon (France). These transfers involved increasing periods of aerial emersion and additional brine and hot water treatments. The brine and hot water treatments were evaluated as a means of reducing the probability of algal introductions with oyster transfers. Shells were cultured for 40 days in experimental tanks to identify the macroalgae likely to be introduced with any oyster transfer. A total of 57 macroalgal taxa, including 16 taxa not indigenous to the Thau Lagoon, were recorded across all treatments and experiments. The abundance of some species increased in several cases following aerial emersion. Elimination treatments (immersion in brine or hot water) significantly reduced algal diversity, with hot water treatments resulting in no species or only tubular Ulva spp. present. The results support the hypothesis that oyster transfers are effective as primary and secondary vectors of macroalgal introductions. Relatively simple changes to the transfer practice (particularly hot water treatments) are suggested as a means of reducing the risk of non-indigenous algal introductions.
Biological Conservation (0006-3207) (Elsevier), 2007-06 , Vol. 137 , N. 2 , P. 237-247

Droits : 2007 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-2779.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.02.001
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2779/

Éditeur(s) : The Gazette The Gazette ( Nassau, Bahamas )
Résumé : An Act to provide for control of the training and practice of nurses, clinical nurses and midwives, for the registration of nurses and midwives and the enrollment of clinical nurses.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00010707/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Université des Antilles
Résumé : International audience
In this study, we propose to analyze the limits of mass tourism in the French Antilles, specifically the decline of tourism, economic limits, and ecological degradation). The recognition of these limits is overdue, and signals a need to define another model for tourism development.The popular coastal sector in the south of Martinique has been subject new regulations to protect marine resources. These regulations require the development of new practices and a greater level of awareness for tourists, for example, around coral reefs and mangroves. Ecotourism programs aim to demonstrate to visitors the forests rich natural resources and biodiversity in general. It also features the inclusion of small rural businesses that benefit from additional sources of revenue as a result of ecotourism.The situation in the French Antilles is complex: Urbanization is fraught with serious consequences for the coastline. Tourism products currently being marketed on the island are not competitive (particularly against the political dynamics of the neighbouring island of Dominica). Ecotourism and sustainable tourism are just beginning to develop in such destinations, where tourism has been declining in the last ten years. The situation of the French Antilles is paradoxical in a region that generally has a very favourable tourism. Assessing these limits through the scope of ecotourism helps to highlight the causes of these difficulties and to adapting to new tourism practices.
En el contexto de este estudio, nos proponemos analizar los límites del turismo de masas en las Antillas Francesas (depreciación del turismo, las limitaciones económicas, ecológicas y las molestias). Este reconocimiento de esos límites está en el origen de la conciencia tardía de la necesidad de definir otro modelo de desarrollo turístico.En el sector costero de la más popular, como en el sur de Martinica, se pone en la normativa nuevo lugar para proteger los recursos marinos. Esto requiere el desarrollo de nuevas prácticas y la sensibilización de los turistas, por ejemplo, alrededor de los arrecifes de coral y los manglares.Programas en torno al ecoturismo también tienen como objetivo dar al visitante la riqueza de los recursos forestales y la biodiversidad en general. También incluye las pequeñas empresas rurales que reciben los nuevos ingresos a través del turismo.Pero la situación es compleja en las Antillas francesas: la urbanización está llena de importantes consecuencias para la costa. Productos turísticos que se comercializan actualmente no son competitivos (en particular, contra la dinámica política de la cercana isla de Dominica). Ecoturismo y desarrollo sostenible están empezando a desarrollar en este destino turístico, donde el turismo está en problemas en los últimos diez años.Esta situación es bastante paradójico en un turismo regional muy favorable. Sin lugar a dudas, pensando en el ecoturismo contribuye a identificar los destinos de estos retrasos y dificultades para adaptarse a nuevas prácticas de turismo.
Dans le cadre de cette étude, l’accent est mis sur les limites du tourisme de masse dans les Antilles françaises (dépréciation du tourisme, les contraintes économiques et les nuisances écologiques). La reconnaissance de ces limites est à l'origine de la prise de conscience tardive de la nécessité de définir un autre modèle de développement touristique.Dans le sud de la Martinique, le secteur le plus populaire du littoral, de nouvelles règlementations sont mises en place pour protéger les ressources marines. Cela nécessite le développement de nouvelles pratiques et de sensibilisation des touristes notamment autour des récifs coralliens et les mangroves. Les programmes autour de l'écotourisme visent également à montrer aux visiteurs la richesse des ressources forestières et de la biodiversité en général. Il comprend également les petites entreprises rurales qui reçoivent de nouveaux revenus grâce au tourisme.La situation est complexe dans les Antilles françaises: l'urbanisation est lourde de conséquences importantes sur la côte. Les produits touristiques commercialisés actuellement ne sont pas compétitifs (notamment contre la dynamique politique de l'île voisine de la Dominique). L'écotourisme et le tourisme durable commencent tout juste à se développer dans ces destinations où le tourisme classique est en difficulté depuis une dizaine d’années ; situation assez paradoxale au regard du dynamisme de ce secteur d’activité dans la région.
ISSN: 1779-0980

hal-01624756
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01624756
DOI : 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5262

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Sci Ltd
Résumé : The reduction of by-catch mortality is an objective of the ecosystem approach to fisheries and a request made by consumers. Elasmobranchs, an important component of the French tropical tuna purse seine fishery by-catch, are currently thrown back into the sea. Fishers interact with various types of elasmobranchs that range widely in size, weight and shape, and could pose various degrees of danger to the crew. A diversity of discarding practices within the fleet were reported, some practices were considered suitable, others needed to be adapted and improved and others simply had to be banned. The majority of the crews were likely to improve their handling practices if they were presented with practical suggestions that were quick and easy. Combining scientific observations and empirical knowledge from skippers and crew, a manual, providing appropriate handling practices to ensure crew safety and increase the odds of survival for released animals has been developed and disseminated. Bringing these good practices onto the decks of fishing vessels should contribute to the reduction of the fishing mortality of some vulnerable species. It would be positively viewed by consumers as an act that reduces fishing's footprint on the environment and promoting animal welfare which would improve the image of fishing industry. Mitigation research is by definition an iterative process and different complementary methods must be carried out at different levels of the fishing process to significantly reduce the mortality of the by-catch.
Marine Policy (0308-597X) (Elsevier Sci Ltd), 2014-02 , Vol. 44 , P. 312-320

Droits : 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00159/27008/28367.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2013.09.025
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00159/27008/

Éditeur(s) : Eastern Caribbean Center Eastern Caribbean Center ( St. Thomas, V.I )
Résumé : Corruption: a United States Virgin Islands perspective / Effects of corruption on the Caribbean economy / What was I thinking?: the pitfalls of political precedents, college life, and ethical assumptions / The faces of business corruption / Kleptocracy and the contemporary Caribbean perspective / A strategy against corruption / Crossword

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
HF5387.5 .C27 M35 2008

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : Fire-free forest conversion with organic inputs as an alternative to slash-and-burn could improve agro-ecosystem sustainability. We assessed soil carbon mass changes in a sandy-clayey and well-drained soil in French Guiana after forest clearing by the chop-and-mulch method and crop establishment. At the experimental site of Combi, native forest was cut down in October 2008; woody biomass was chopped and incorporated into the top 20 cm of soil. After about one year of legume and grass cover, three forms of land management were compared: grassland (Urochloa ruziziensis), maize/soybean crop rotation with disk tillage and in direct seeding without tillage. There were four replicates. We measured 14.16 kg m(-2) of carbon in 2 mm-sieved soil down to 2 m depth for the initial forest. Forest clearing did not induce significant soil compaction; neither did any specific agricultural practice. In converted soils, C stocks were measured in the 0-30 cm layer after each crop for three years. Carbon mass changes for soil fractions <2 mm (soil C stock) and >2 mm (soil C pool) in the 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers were assessed on an equivalent soil mass basis. One year and 1.5 years after deforestation, higher C stocks (+0.64 to 1.16 kg C m(-2) yr(-1)) and C pools (+0.52 to 0.90 kg C m(-2) yr(-1)) were measured in converted soils, compared to those of the forest into the top 30 cm of soil. However, the masses of carbon in these converted soils declined later. The highest rates of carbon decrease were measured between 1.5 and 2 years after forest conversion in the <2 mm soil fraction, from 0.46 kg Cm-2 yr(-1) (in grassland soils) to 0.71 kg C m(-2) yr(-1) (in cropland under no tillage). The carbon pool declined during the third year at rates of 0.41 kg C m(-2) yr(-1) (cropland under disk tillage) to 0.76 kg C m(-2) yr(-1) (grassland soils). Three years after forest conversion, C masses in the top 30 cm of soils for grassland showed similar values than for forest. In comparison, the carbon stock in cropped soils managed under no tillage in direct seeding (without mulch) was significantly 17% and 16% lower than in forest and grassland soils, respectively. None of the studied agricultural practices succeeded in accumulating carbon from the chopped forest biomass.
ISSN: 0167-8809

hal-01032438
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032438
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2013.11.009