Extrait de : Les Colonies françaises, petite encyclopédie coloniale (p. 569)
Résumé : Général de division (1890). Commandant en chef des troupes de l'Indochine (1899). Commandant supérieur du Haut-Fleuve et directeur général des travaux de construction liés à la voie ferrée reliant le Sénégal au Niger. Polytechnicien (1859)
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Provenance : Communauté d'agglomération de La Rochelle. Médiathèque Michel-Crépeau
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/MMC16023-1-0602i1
MMC16023-1-0602i1

Éditeur(s) : CNFG : Comité National Français de Géographie. Comission de géographie des transports Université des Antilles et de la Guyane. Faculté des lettres et sciences humaine AIHP-GEODE : Archéologie Industrielle, Histoire, Patrimoine/Géographie- Développement Environnement de la Caraïbe CNFG : Comité National Français de Géographie. Comission de géographie des transports
Extrait de : "Transports et territoires insulaires" : colloque, les 4 et 5 avril 2011. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Résumé : Madame Lanneaux propose une étude sur les dessertes terrestres de la Grande-Bretagne la reliant au continent. Une étude qui débouche vers une interrogation à savoir si aujourd'hui, la Grande-Bretagne peut-elle encore être considérée comme un territoire insulaire de par la construction de ces dessertes ? Son étude présente spécifiquement la construction du tunnel sous la Manche. Nous verrons les motivations de cette construction, ainsi que les effets et les risques liés à celle-ci.
Madame Lanneaux propose une étude sur les dessertes terrestres de la Grande-Bretagne la reliant au continent. Une étude qui débouche vers une interrogation à savoir si aujourd'hui, la Grande-Bretagne peut-elle encore être considérée comme un territoire insulaire de par la construction de ces dessertes ? Son étude présente spécifiquement la construction du tunnel sous la Manche. Nous verrons les motivations de cette construction, ainsi que les effets et les risques liés à celle-ci.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V11019
V11019
V11019
V11019

Résumé : From the PNCR, GAP MPs free to vote conscience on gay rights bill By Johann Earle Stabroek News June 11, 2003 The PNCR will allow its members to vote their conscience on the controversial Constitution (Amendment) Act of 2001 which seeks to prevent discrimination against persons on the basis of their sexual orientation and other grounds. A number of religious organisations are opposed to the passage of the bill because it includes sexual orientation as one of the grounds. They are concerned that it could lead to a legalisation of homosexual relations and demands for recognition of gay marriages among other things. PNCR Member of Parliament (MP) Vincent Alexander told a forum at the National Library on Saturday, that the Bill did not seek to legalise homosexuality, but to ensure that persons would not be discriminated against based on their sexual preferences. He was one of two parliamentarians who showed up - the other being PNCR member, Myrna Peterkin. The forum was organised by Students Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination (SASOD), a group comprising fifteen students from the University of Guyana which was formed about two weeks ago. Alexander expects the vote on the bill to come up before the National Assembly in a matter of months. Paul Hardy, Leader of the Guyana Action Party (GAP), told Stabroek News that his party would not be using the so-called parliamentary whip. He added that GAP took a decision that every member should vote according to his or her own conscience. “We have no right to deny the rights of others based on sexual orientation. [The Bill] will guarantee rights to the homosexual.” GAP is in Parliament as part of an alliance with the Working People’s Alliance. GAP/WPA has two MPs. The bill was met with rejection from some members of the religious community in 2001 and as a result of this, the President did not assent to it. In a statement on Monday, the Central Islamic Organisa-tion of Guyana (CIOG) said that it stood in firm opposition to the Bill. The CIOG says the general purpose of the bill may be commendable and that the organisation’s objection is not based on a willingness to promote discrimination. Rather, the CIOG said, it was based on the fact that specific legal protection on the basis of sexual orientation without definition or qualification gives tacit legitimacy to practices which are considered criminal in Islam. “It is foreseeable that such a legal nod of approval (subtle as it may be) of these practices may pave the way for greater social (or even legal) acceptability in the future which, from the perspective of all Muslims including those in Guyana, is an undesirable and sinful outcome,” the CIOG statement said. At Saturday’s event, Muslim teacher Moulana Mohamed Ali Zenjibari spoke of instances of abuse, discrimination and harsh penalties meted out to gay and lesbian persons in countries such as Iran and Saudi Arabia and noted that the Quran did not sanction such punishments for homosexual behaviour. President of the CIOG, Fazeel Ferouz told Stabroek News that a meeting to discuss a strategy with regards to the bill was planned for tomorrow with various religious groups. Stabroek News tried to get a comment on the issue from the PPP/C but to no avail. ROAR leader, Ravi Dev said that his party was now having discussions on the issue. ROAR feels that it is an important question which has to do with morality and should be discussed across the country. He added legislators had to be in tune with their constituents on the issue. SASOD is lobbying for the legislation through the sensitisation of MPs. Keimo Benjamin, a law student at UG, gave a presentation based on the jurisprudential aspects of the discussion on sexual orientation. He argued that morality should not be the only guiding principle on which to base the laws. Sexual activities between two consenting male adults in private could not be equated with a violation of a person’s rights, he said, making the point that the thrust of his presentation was not whether homosexuality was wrong, but whether it violated the rights of others. He said that the attitudes of some towards this subject were based on preconceived notions and prejudices. He cited studies to show that the suppression of certain perceived deviant sexual impulses in persons might do more harm than good. One Harvard University study of teens who said they were gay indicated that those teens were three times more likely to commit suicide. Vidyaratha Kissoon, of Help and Shelter, in his contribution on Saturday, expressed his displeasure at the low turnout at the forum and urged the parliamentarians who showed up to take the message to their colleagues. He noted that because of homophobia, the numerical minority was terrified of speaking out against instances of discrimination. Gays and lesbians in Guyana were subjected to ridicule and abuse, and walk the streets at night not looking for sex necessarily, but for the companionship of persons who empathise with them. During his presentation, Joel Simpson, another member of SASOD, outlined a number of changes made within national jurisdictions that had international implications. One such crucial change was South Africa’s 1996 adoption of a new constitution, making that country the first in the world to expressly include sexual orientation as a prohibited ground of discrimination. It was the first time a developing country had taken the lead with respect to the rights of sexual minorities. He also said that according to Douglas Sanders, a Canadian jurist, the rights of homosexual, bisexual or transsexual men and women had never been officially recognised by the United Nations, despite the fact that international laws on the issue began to emerge at the close of the Second World War. Simpson said that under Article 170 (5), as amended by Section 8 of the Constitution (Amendment) (No. 4) Act 2000, the President is required to assent to any bill which is returned by the National Assembly unaltered after a two-thirds majority within 90 days of its presentation to him. To the parliamentarians present, Simpson stressed that the onus was now on them to adequately represent their constituents which include lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual Guyanese. http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news301/ns306115.htm and Vote on sexual orientation should be a matter of conscience - MP Alexander By Esther Elijah Guyana Chronicle June 8, 2003 PEOPLE’S National Congress (PNC/R) Member of Parliament Mr. Vincent Alexander, said the Opposition will vote on “conscience” when the piece of legislation on sexual orientation is again brought before the National Assembly. “With specific reference to my party, when this Bill gets back to the Parliament in the spirit of the arguments here, we will not use the `whip’. Our party will not say we have to vote for the provision (in the Sexual Orientation Bill). We will allow our members to vote as a matter of conscience,” he told participants gathered in the Conference Room of the National Library. “We feel this is a matter of conscience. You may end up with a collective position but you have to deal with us individually,” Alexander said at a poorly attended public consultation aimed at gaining support for sexual orientation to be considered a fundamental right in Guyana. Alexander, one of the main persons who sat on the Constitutional Reform Commission that addressed this controversial clause, said the legislation was not meant to legalise homosexual activities in Guyana. “It was intended to ensure that persons who have an orientation - a way of thinking - which may or may not lead to a certain activity, to not be discriminated against, in terms of their rights,” he explained. Alexander noted that very often, discussions on the sexual orientation provision in the Bill have led to seepages into other areas where debates centre on the “right to be homosexual.” “I am saying the Bill does not comment on that… However, law is peculiar, especially in a Common Law system. Once you venture out and change the law, very often you open other windows which we cannot definitively say exist or does not exist in advance,” he said. “The fear of some people is that the legislators might say one thing and the Courts will eventually say something else. While some people can’t argue against the law, per say, they will say this has opened a window of opportunity not meant to be opened. So, it is better to stay without a window than open it and then have a possibility of something you didn’t intend to happen - happening sometime in the future.” Alexander added: “I want to say I’ve found this activity to have been rich from the perspective of the amount of research which was done by student (speakers). Without any comment as to whether I agree with the arguments, I would wish that much more research on other issues be done by students, and that at the University (of Guyana) students would find it convenient to have forums on other issues, with the same depth of research for their own intellectual development.” Alexander and other Opposition M.P, Lurlene Nestor were the only three Parliamentarians in attendance at the session organised by the recently formed `Students Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination’ (SASOD), a group that has a membership of 15 mostly University of Guyana (UG) students from various faculties. SASOD was established two weeks ago. With the exception of members of the press, the consultation only managed to attract 11 persons, a handful of who were SASOD members. While congratulating the students for an “insightful” presentation, Nestor pointed out that whether or not she chooses to agree with their position is “another issue” and she is entitled to her “own view”. “The issue of sexual orientation is very `toucheous’ …while we agree with the human rights provisions and all that as a society, we must also revert to our own society. Some of the very critical questions that I would want to ask is whether or not at the society (level) we are ready for that kind of thing,” she remarked. “We cannot, at (any) time, ignore the religious groups in our society. If we look at statistics going back to 1992 from a survey done by the Bureau of Statistics, we would see that a small section of the Guyanese population might be considered as people who do not subscribe to a religious view. While the laws are not necessarily based on moral values, we must acknowledge the fact that we might want to revert to many of the cases that (concern) laws that protect public morality.” Nestor told the speakers at the consultation these were some of the issues that they needed to deal with. She highlighted, too, that what must be examined is the effects of same-sex marriages on society and how this issue must be tackled. “These are some of the things we should consider and I don’t think you dealt with that in the presentations,” Nestor stated, adding that the issues must be addressed “frontally.” “Do we think that with the coming to being of this Bill that there might be quite a number of challenges to the Constitution in relation to the same issue of a man marrying a man? What do we do at the society (level)? Do we recognise that?” were the questions directed at the five speakers at the session. Nestor continued: “There is some argument that says, `Oh the Bill does not promote homosexuality or does not encourage a man to marry (another) man, but if you look at Section (15) that talks about `non-discrimination’ then how can we not, with the passage of this Bill, allow a man not to marry (another) man.” According to Nestor, matters of this nature constitute some of the “inconsistencies” of the Bill. On the argument raised by presenters at the session on who determines what is morality, Nestor said in the concept of democracy it is the people who are the determinants based on a “line of thinking.” She also rebutted on grounds that put the spotlight on teachers who may have been caught “interfering” with their young students and who may subsequently be dismissed from their jobs. “Could you imagine such a person interfering with a boy below age 10 - and by virtue of the fact that the Bill is there, the judges (in the case) will have to use their discretion in terms of what happens. We will have more Constitutional changes and problems (arising with the passage of the Bill).” SASOD member and law student, Joel Simpson, in reply, said he doesn’t think any homosexual in Guyana wants to “run into a church and ask that people marry them or anything of that sort.” At one point likening the church to a “club”, Simpson claimed the church has the right to exclude whomever it wants. He further stated that in accordance with the Constitution, people of the same sex do not currently have the right to marry, and will also not be able to do such an act with the passage of the Bill. However, Simpson said it is possible that the law, with the passage of the Bill, would have to recognise same-sex domestic partnerships in relation to employment benefits, sharing of properties, etc. Simpson said he believes there should be a realm of “public” and “private” morality between consenting adults, and implied that the Bill did not fully give “rights” to homosexuals. But, Nestor interjected: “I am informing you further…that the Sexual Orientation provision has, in fact, in some way recognised the rights of homosexuals and we must accept that.” Meanwhile, there was no vocal Christian representative(s) at the consultation and apart from the two Opposition representatives none other participant gave comments or directed questions at the presenters. Other speakers in support of the sexual orientation clause were: Moulana Mohammed Ali Zenjiban, Assistant Director of the International Islamic College; Denuka Radzik from Red Thread, Keimo Benjamin, UG law student and Vidyartha Kissoon from Help & Shelter. The Sunday Chronicle has been reliably informed that the Georgetown Ministers Fellowship, representing groups of Christian leaders staunchly against sexual orientation as a right in Guyana, have recently prepared a detailed 16-page document outlining issues arising from research to further boost their argument against the inclusion of the clause. The document is yet to be made public. http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news301/nc306083.htm

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00014700/00001

Extrait de : Histoire universelle des Indes Occidentales et Orientales et de la conversion des Indiens, divisée en trois parties, par Cornille Wytfliet et Anthoine Magin, et autres historiens (entre p. 90 et p. 91)
Résumé : Gravure sur bois N&B. Carte du XVIIè siècle qui décrit le territoire d'Anián et le détroit du même nom qui était le nom donné au passage du Nord-Ouest à partir du XVIe siècle par les Espagnols, qui le croyaient à tort lier la Basse-Californie et le golfe du Saint-Laurent. Ce détroit grandit dans l'imaginaire européen comme une voie maritime facile, reliant l'Europe à la résidence du Grand Khan à Cathay (Chine du Nord). Toutes ces suppositions étaient basées sur la représentation selon laquelle l'Amérique n'était pas un continent mais un vaste archipel.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 17
Provenance : Communauté d'agglomération de La Rochelle. Médiathèque Michel-Crépeau
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/MMC16003-1-0148i1
MMC16003-1-0148i1

Éditeur(s) : LC2S : Laboratoire Caribéen de Sciences Sociales
Description : Dans sa communication, Audrey Célestine, expose le bien-fondé de l'écriture de ses deux livres. En ce qui concerne « La fabrique des identités... », elle explique que l'idée est tirée de sa thèse. Celle-ci avait pour ambition de comparer les trajectoires communes de deux populations issues de migration postcoloniale : les Antillais vers la France et les Portoricains vers les Etats-Unis. Une Famille française pour sa part, est un projet personnel en tant qu'il s'agissait de décrire le parcours des ascendants de ses enfants sur trois générations en reliant leurs histoires à des problématiques liées au passé colonial, à la racialisation et à l'ascension sociale. Les sujets abordés dans les deux ouvrages sont certes différents, mais l'auteure se propose d'élucider ce qui les relie.

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V18259
V18259

Éditeur(s) : CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines
Extrait de : "Révolution, dictature, résistance dans le monde américano-caraïbe" : journées d'étude, les 27 et 28 avril 2017. Université des Antilles
Description : Victorien Lavou, professeur à l'Université de Perpignan aborde la problématique de la dictature et de son rapport avec la démocratie en reliant les deux notions avec l'ouvrage d'Aimé Césaire La tragédie du roi Christophe (1956).

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V17089
V17089

Éditeur(s) : CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines
Extrait de : "Ecrire la domination" : journée d'étude, le 14 mai 2013. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Résumé : "Dans son essai "La fabrique de l'homme occidental", l'anthropologue Pierre Legendre rappelle la fragilité de la fabrique des fils, comme le serait, dit-il, le lien qui relie chacun à son humanité ainsi que celui de la parole."
"Dans son essai "La fabrique de l'homme occidental", l'anthropologue Pierre Legendre rappelle la fragilité de la fabrique des fils, comme le serait, dit-il, le lien qui relie chacun à son humanité ainsi que celui de la parole."
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V13191
V13191
V13191
V13191

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Reliable measurements of the intensity of the palaeomagnetic field are notoriously difficult to obtain. The approach generally taken is to produce multiple estimates per rock unit and assume that those which meet certain minimum standards of technical quality will combine to produce an accurate mean. However, here, using results produced from a package of 20th century basaltic lava flows from Mount Etna in Sicily, we demonstrate that this approach can fail. In this case, the application of typical sets of selection criteria actually introduces bias into the mean determination that we measure. We demonstrate that this is caused by two types of non-ideal behaviour acting in combination. The first is a result of the multidomain grains that the samples contain and the second is caused by differences in the natural and laboratory cooling rates. We discuss means of avoiding these sources of error in future palaeointensity studies performed on ancient rocks. We also develop a new, more general reliability criterion which is effective here and which we argue should be applied wherever possible in future palaeointensity studies in conjunction with standard criteria. It requires two distinct types of materials which both produce some good-quality palaeointensity measurements and uses their range of overlap to constrain the true palaeointensity. Both the application of this criterion and general reliability considerations require that future palaeointensity studies should measure many samples per cooling unit and that these should be as diverse in terms of their rock magnetic properties and cooling histories as possible.
ISSN: 0012-821X

hal-00407943
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407943
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.03.017

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
We present new archaeointensity results from three Italian kilns situated at Ascoli Satriano, Vagnari and Fontanetto Po obtained with the Thellier modified by Coe double heating method. These data complement the directional results previously published. All sites are dated on the basis of archaeological information and/or thermoluminescence dating. The results are corrected for the anisotropy of the thermoremanent magnetization and the cooling rate effects. The new data are compared with previously published archaeointensity data from Italy and nearby countries within 900 km radius from Viterbo. An initial data set including archaeointesity data mainly coming from Italy, France, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Greece and Bulgaria has been compiled. After the application of strict selection criteria, the most reliable data have been used for the calculation of a preliminary Italian intensity secular variation (SV) curve for the last 3000 yr. The new curve covers the 300 BC-400 AD and 1200-1900 AD periods. It is established by means of sliding windows of 200 yr shifted by 100 yr. The lack of reliable data for the 1000-200 BC and 400-1200 AD time intervals does not permit the calculation of a continuous curve. Clearly, more high-quality archaeointensity data from Italy and Europe are still needed to draw a robust intensity SV curve for the Italian Peninsula that could be used for archaeomagnetic dating in combination with the directional data.
ISSN: 0956-540X

hal-00828691
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00828691
DOI : 10.1093/gji/ggs120

Éditeur(s) : Inter-research
Résumé : Environmental conditions experienced by aquatic organisms are archived in biogenic carbonates such as fish otoliths, bivalve shells and coral skeletons. These calcified structures present an accretionary growth and variations in optical properties - color or opacity - that are used to reconstruct time. Full and reliable exploitation of the information extracted from these structures is, however, often limited as the metabolic processes that control their growth and their optical properties are poorly understood. Here, we propose a new modeling framework that couples both the growth of a biogenic carbonate and its optical properties with the metabolism of the organism. The model relies on well-tested properties of Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory. It is applied to otoliths of the Bay of Biscay anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) for which a DEB model has been previously developed. The model reproduces well-known otolith patterns and thus provides us with mechanisms for the metabolic control of otolith size and opacity at the scale of an individual lifespan. Two original contributions using this framework are demonstrated. First, the model can be used to reconstruct the temporal variations in the food assimilated by an individual fish. Reconstructing food conditions of past and present aquatic species in their natural environment is key ecological information to better understand population dynamics. Second, we show that non-seasonal checks can be discriminated from seasonal checks, which is a well-recognized problem when interpreting fish otoliths. We discuss further developments of the model and the experimental settings required to test this new promising framework.
Marine Ecology-progress Series (0171-8630) (Inter-research), 2012 , Vol. 447 , P. 151-164

Droits : 2012 Inter-Research
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00060/17082/14593.pdf
DOI:10.3354/meps09492
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00060/17082/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The NW-trending Talas-Ferghana Fault (TFF) in Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia, is one of the largest intracontinental strike-slip faults in the world. It extends over a distance of more than 2000 km from southern Tourghai to western Tarim and exhibits a maximum dextral offset of ∼200 km during the late Palaeozoic to present. The history of the fault provides important insights for the understanding of the evolution of southern Central Asia but remains poorly constrained due to lack of reliable geochronological data. We present new Ar-Ar ages and structural data from the Kyrgyz West Tianshan, that elucidate the kinematic history of the TFF in the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. 40Ar/39Ar ages on mylonitic white micas document a deformational history consisting of several episodes. A late Carboniferous age of 312 ± 4 Ma point to initiation of top-to-the-south and dextral transpressional deformation during a metamorphic overprint in Precambrian and Palaeozoic rocks along the northern compartment of the TFF. The main phase of dextral motion along the entire fault occurred in the Permian as suggested by minimum ages of 260-290 Ma obtained at two different locations in the NW and central parts of the TFF. Partial isotopic resetting occurred between 240 and 210 Ma and younger ages of <200-210 Ma are ascribed to late brittle reactivation and hydrothermal fluid flow in the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic times. The Jurassic trans-tensional phase is featured by emplacement of 195 ± 3 Ma pegmatitic dykes. The Ar-Ar mineral ages and structural data argue for a major phase of dextral shearing, affecting the entire region from the West Tianshan to Mongolia in the late Permian and leading to formation of almost equally spaced major NW-trending dextral strike-slip faults. The uniform character of this deformation indicates that the process of amalgamation in this part of the CAOB ended prior to the late Permian, and Central Asia evolved as a single coherent continental block since that time.
ISSN: 0743-9547

hal-00831326
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00831326
DOI : 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.02.012

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Introduction Défini comme l’ensemble des territoires qui bordent la mer des Caraïbes et le golfe du Mexique, le Bassin Caraïbe présente une densité portuaire élevée qui s’explique notamment par l’éclatement géographique de cet espace et par un fort degré d’extraversion de ces économies continentales et insulaires. Situé à proximité des grandes routes maritimes internationales qui relient les trois pôles de la Triade, le Bassin Caraïbe espère tirer profit d’une situation de carrefour redécouve...

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.683
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/683

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Evaluer les retombées économiques de manifestations sportives sur les territoires d’accueil est l’une des conditions permettant de décider de la pérennisation ou non de ces évènements. Cette évaluation revêt une grande importance pour les prestataires de services, les institutionnels et les diverses entreprises qui y sont engagés, car elle leur permet d’avoir une vision plus claire du marché, et le cas échéant d’ajuster et d’affiner leur politique évènementielle pour l’avenir. Aujourd’hui, apparaît de plus en plus un besoin croissant d’évaluation de la part de praticiens et d’acteurs publics impliqués dans les activités sportives. Ces derniers comme le grand public s’interrogent quelquefois sur l’utilité ou la pertinence économique et sociale de tels évènements.Aussi, l’objectif prioritaire de cette étude est de proposer dans le cas de la Guadeloupe, à partir d’un cadre conceptuel précis et d’une méthodologie partagée et éprouvée, une évaluation territoriale de l’impact économique et social de la Route du rhum, en retenant deux approches: l’une en niveau, déterminant successivement les valeurs du multiplicateur input-output à l’aide d’un tableau entrées-sorties (TES) de l’économie guadeloupéenne, et du multiplicateur de la base qui s’appuie sur les résultats d’une méta-analyse; l’autre , dynamique, spécifie par un modèle économétrique l’influence de la Route du rhum et d’autres variables sur la croissance économique de la Guadeloupe. L’enjeu consiste à se doter collectivement de points de repère afin que les différents acteurs de ce sport puissent situer les effets de leurs actions par rapport à d’autres pratiques, d’autres territoires, et à clarifier le niveau de contribution économique de cette activité sportive sur le territoire de Guadeloupe. Les résultats obtenus convergent et montrent qu’en dépit d’un succès indéniable au plan sportif et médiatique, la Route du rhum, évènement sportif de voile de haut niveau reliant tous les quatre ans St Malo à Pointe-a-Pitre, enregistre au plan économique des résultats modestes si l’on en juge à la fois par les médiocres retombées induites en matière de fréquentation touristique, par les faibles coefficients multiplicateurs de revenu affichés, par un ratio coût-bénéfice défavorable et par les incidences mineures que provoque cet évènement sur la croissance économique régionale.
Evaluation of economic effects from sport events is necessary to pursue or not these events. This evaluation is important for enterprises that provide goods and services also for the government, because it allows them to obtain an accurate vision of the future.Today, we have a growing need of evaluation from the people involved in sport activities. Sometimes, these people ask themselves on economic and social advantages of these events.The objective of this paper is to propose for Guadeloupe a rigourous methodology that assesses the economic and social impact of Route du rhum which is a transatlantic competition between St-Malo and Pointe-a-Pitre. We use two approaches: the first of which is level-based and determines the values of both economic base multipliers and input-output multipliers by composing an input-output table of the Guadeloupe economy. The second, dynamic approach specifies from an econometric model the impact of several variables, especially those of la Route du rhum. The goal is to provide findings to stakeholders of this sport for comparison. The results of the investigation merge and show globally weak economic performance of Route du rhum, particularly a poor cost-benefit ratio, weak economic multipliers and inter-industry linkages.
Guadeloupe

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5296
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/5296

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union
Résumé : International audience
The Cretaceous paleogeography and the kinematic evolution of the Iberian plate are poorly constrained. Especially problematic is to reconcile Iberian paleomagnetic data with paleomagnetic data of the neighboring plates and with Euler poles derived from seafloor magnetic anomalies. The first limitation arises from the Cretaceous Normal Polarity Superchron where paleogeographic reconstruction using marine magnetic anomalies is handicapped. The second arises from the paucity of reliable paleomagnetic poles with satisfactory statistical criteria and age. In order to address these shortcomings and provide new high quality paleomagnetic poles for Iberia, we conducted a detailed rock magnetic and paleomagnetic study of two Cretaceous magmatic sills, the Paço de Ilhas (PI) and Foz da Fonte (FF) sills, from the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal, recently dated at about 88 and 94 Ma, respectively. Our results show that the magnetic mineralogy of the sills is primary, i.e., acquired during magma cooling, and essentially represented by titanomagnetite. The corresponding paleomagnetic poles match the synthetic APWP from the African plate at 80 and 100 Ma. On the basis of a rigorous selection of Iberian Cretaceous poles, we then calculated mean paleomagnetic poles for different time intervals and found that Iberian paleomagnetic data fit well the global APWP between 70 and 120 Ma, but move far away from the APWP at pre-rift times. Our approach shows that new and better constrained paleomagnetic poles can aide in solving part of the contradiction between Iberian and African APWPs.
ISSN: 0148-0227

hal-00758103
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00758103
DOI : 10.1029/2011JB009067

Résumé : In the beginning, the coastal fleet of the Bigouden region fished by trawling and was completely focused on exploiting lobster and hake. It is a traditional business that expanded between the last war and the 70s, reaching its peak between 1975 and 1980. The best image to give an idea of this fleet is that of a "bucket waterwheel" endlessly discharging its catch in the four ports of the Guilvinec district. Where there is a seafaring business in Guilvinec, Loctudy and Saint-Guénolé, there is a complementarity that is expressed in two ways: - coastal fishing constitutes a very noticeable and regular supplement to production, since sales happen daily and only bad winter weather causes a relative decrease in the supplement. - coastal fishing gives a flattering image of the port based on the display of high-quality leading market products: daily live lobster, hake and angler. In this study, we have above all tried to evaluate the situation of the Bigouden coastal system as an entity, while including in the same analysis the species, fleets and the exploitation of the resource. For the main species, a balance sheet is proposed. It covers the lobster, hake and angler separately. Lobster, because of its small amount of movement, can be considered as being an isolated stock, while fish belong to much more wide-ranging groups. The lobster has gained from various increases in meshing that have been imposed since 1971, even if these have not always been strictly applied. One of the results of this management by means of meshing is a "depreciation" of the variations of daily yields around an average value of 100kg. For the hake, the dominant trait is an increase in yields in the last few years in accordance with an improvement of the situation in the Gulf of Gascony due to a generalised decrease of effort and a modification of the exploitation profile since the appearance of boulters and straight nets. Whereas the situation for lobster fisheries, as regards the hake's marketable size, did not improve, since the demand for small hake still exists, we have nonetheless been witnessing for about ten years a slow diversification of the fleets' business activities, which is much more in line with sequential hake fisheries' logical outline of exploitation. When lobster yields decrease, one part of the fleet focuses on the fish at the edges of the lobster fisheries. For the angler, we see rather similar phenomena and a significant increase in unloading of the two species by lobster fishermen due also to a widening of their fishing areas. On the lobster mudflats themselves, there is no notable change in exploitation in the historical records. All studies of coastal fishing always come up against the problem of acquiring statistical data and the Bigouden region is no exception to the rule. To improve this situation, in 1987 and 1988 two items were chosen: - a better awareness of the activity and of the areas frequented, by survey during unloading in Guilvinec and in Loctudy. - a detailed description of the haul by species, by sampling, in Loctudy, on two-thirds of coastal sales, between December 1987 and November 1988. For this reason, analysis of fleets by type is still cursory and covers only one year. The appearance of new trends towards fish can only be described qualitatively, since there is no historical record. The classification of boats was done by analysing data furnished by the auctions. This first assessment is not necessarily reliable, above all because of the auctions' inaccurate description of the hauls, a deficiency that we have tried to overcome by surveying in Loctudy. In conclusion, we are witnessing in the Bigouden region, as in other entities, a rebalancing between traditional business activities and modern trends. Lobster fishing, almost exclusive before the 1980s, is tending to decrease for two main reasons: - a generalised decrease in activity in the lobster fisheries due to non-renewal of coastal fish fleets, - The transfer of part of the lobster fishermen's activities to fish, since the lobster and its accompanying catch no longer seemed able to insure the economic viability of new ships. Other maritime districts resolved their lobster problem in a different way. The Lorient fishermen improved their yields by using more capable trawlers, the fishermen of Sable by exploiting the hake fish run to the fullest and limiting their lobster fishing to the best season. The Bigouden region is slowly turning to the second solution, as it renews its fleet.
A ses origines, la flottille côtière du pays bigouden péchant au chalut, est tout entière orientée vers l'exploitation de la langoustine et du merlu. Il s'agit d'une activité traditionnelle qui s' amplifie entre la dernière guerre et les années 70 pour atteindre son apogée entre 1975 et 1980. La meilleure image que l'on puisse donner de cette flottille est celle d'une "noria" débarquant inlassablement sa capture dans les quatre ports du quartier du Guilvinec. Là où existe une activité hauturière à Guilvinec, Loctudy et Saint-Guénolé, il y a une complémentarité qui s'exprime de deux manières : - la pêche côtière constitue un appoint très appréciable et régulier de production, puisque la vente est quotidienne et que seules les intempéries hivernales entraînent une baisse relative des apports. - la pêche côtière donne du port une image flatteuse basée sur la présentation de produits d'appel de grande qualité : langoustine vivante, merlu et baudroies quotidiens. Dans cette étude, nous avons surtout tenté de faire le point sur le système côtier bigouden en tant qu'entité, en englobant dans la même analyse des espèces, les flottilles et l'exploitation de la ressource. Pour les espèces principales, un bilan est proposé. Il couvre séparément la langoustine, le merlu et les baudroies. La langoustine, en raison de ses faibles déplacements, peut être considérée comme constituant un stock isolé, alors que les poissons appartiennent à des ensembles beaucoup plus vastes. La langoustine a beaucoup gagné des diverses augmentations de maillage qui ont été imposées depuis 1971, même si elles n'ont pas toujours été appliquées avec rigueur. Un des résultats de cette gestion par les maillages est un "amortissement" des variations des rendements journaliers autour d'une valeur moyenne de 100 kg. Pour le merlu, le trait dominant est une augmentation des rendements dans les dernières années en accord avec une amélioration de la situation dans le Golfe de Gascogne due à une baisse généralisée de l'effort et à une modification du profil d'exploitation depuis l'apparition des palangriers et des filets droits. Si la situation sur les pêcheries de langoustine, au regard de la taille marchande du merlu, ne s'est pas améliorée puisque la demande de petits merluchons existe toujours, on assiste par contre depuis une dizaine d'années à une diversification lente des activités des flottilles entrant beaucoup mieux dans le schéma logique d'exploitation des pêcheries séquentielles de merlu. Quand les rendements en langoustine baissent, une partie de la flottille s'oriente vers les poisson sur les marges des pêcheries de langoustine. Pour les baudroies on observe des phénomènes assez analogues et une augmentation importante des débarquements des deux espèces par les langoustiniers due également à un élargissement de leurs zones de pêche. Sur les vasières à langoustine elles-mêmes, il n'y a pas de modification notable de l'exploitation dans la série historique. Toute étude des pêches côtières se heurte toujours au problème d'acquisition des données statistiques et le pays bigouden n'échappe pas à la règle. Pour améliorer cette situation, en 1987 et 1988, deux points ont été retenus : - une meilleure connaissance de l'effort et des zones fréquentées, par enquête au moment des débarquements à Guilvinec et à Loctudy, - une description détaillée des apports par espèce, par échantillonnage, à Loctudy, sur les 2/3 des ventes côtières, entre décembre 1987 et novembre 1988. Pour cette raison, l'analyse de flottilles en types est encore sommaire et n'a porté que sur une année. L'apparition des tendances nouvelles vers le poisson ne peut être décrite que qualitativement puisque la série historique n'existe pas. La classification des bateaux a été faite par l'analyse des données fournies par les criées. Ce premier diagnostic ne présente pas toutes les garanties en raison surtout d'une description peu fidèle des apports par les criées, déficience que l'on a essayé de pallier en enquêtant à Loctudy. En conclusion, on assiste dans le pays bigouden comme dans d'autres entités à un rééquilibrage entre les activités traditionnelles et des orientations modernes. La pêche de langoustine, quasi exclusive avant les années 1980, tend à décroître pour deux raisons principales : - une baisse généralisée de l'effort sur les pêcheries de langoustine due au nonrenouvellement des flottilles de pêche côtière, - le report d'une partie de l'effort des langoustiniers vers les pêcheries de poissons, la langoustine et sa capture accessoire ne semblant plus pouvoir assurer la rentabilité économique des navires neufs. D'autres quartiers maritimes ont résolu de façon différente leur problème langoustine. Les Lorientais ont amélioré leurs rendements en adoptant des chaluts plus performants, les Sablais en exploitant à fond la séquence des pêcheries de merlu et en limitant leur intervention sur la langoustine à la saison la plus favorable. Le pays bigouden s'engage lentement dans la seconde solution, au rythme du renouvellement de sa flottille.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/rapport-2202.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2202/

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : L’article s’intéresse à l’interculturalité entre deux phénomènes culturels que sont le Gwo-ka et le Blues issus de la diaspora africaine aux Amériques. Le Gwo-ka est une expression culturelle née en Guadeloupe, île française située dans la mer des Caraïbes. Le Blues est également une expression culturelle née dans le sud des États-Unis. À partir de l’analyse de leur « matrice » sociohistorique, il s’agira de mettre en évidence les rapprochements entre les différentes fonctions socioculturelles. Nous tenterons de comprendre si la théorie de l’Atlantique Noir de Paul Gilroy, reliant les communautés afro-diasporiques du Nouveau Monde, est valable dans le cadre de notre sujet d’étude.
The article deals with the intercultural exchanges between two cultural movements rooted in the African Diasporas. In Guadeloupe, a French island in the Caribbean, Gwo-ka was born on the plantation in the 17th century. Blues appeared in the southern United-States by the end of the 19th century. In order to illustrate the similarities between these two afro-diasporic cultural phenomena, the article first examines the economic and social factors that prompted their emergence. Second, it compares their socio-cultural functions within their respective communities. Using Paul Gilroy’s theory of the Black Atlantic, the article concludes with a questioning of his thesis within the framework of the present study.
Caraïbes
Guadeloupe
États-Unis

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.4675
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/4675

Éditeur(s) : Proceeding of symposium on Coastal Aquaculture, Cochin (India)
Résumé : Since 1975, maturation and spawning in captivity of Penaeus monodon has been achieved in the 'Centre Océanologique du Pacifique', a CNEXO Centre in Tahiti. The five first animals have been imported from Fiji Islands and in May 1979, four generations-have been obtained. Under the rearing conditions followed at the Centre, reproduction is achieved all throughout the year. Maturation is induced by unilateral eyestalk ablation on pond reared animals maintained in tanks on adequate food. Results concern mating behaviour, ovarian development, number of spawnings per female and egg viability. The rearing and the maintenance conditions of the captive broodstocks are particularly important to obtain reliable results necessary to sustain commercial hatcheries. Mass production of postlarvae is routinely achieved. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1982/acte-4427.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4427/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
11 4 : CEA/HC 12 13 Corresponding author: 14 pierre.legoff@cea.fr -+333 80 23 40 00 -+333 80 23 52 09 15 16 Abstract 17 As one of the three natural isotopes of hydrogen, tritium is ubiquitous and might potentially 18 be present in any water or organic molecule that constitutes a biological matrix. Milk is one of 19 the most frequently monitored foodstuffs in the vicinity of chronic release of radionuclides, as 20 it is a very common product and also because it integrates deposition on large areas of grass at 21 a local scale. Different parameters have been studied to assess their impact on the reliability 22 of tritium measurements. The volume of the sample, the technique used to extract the water 23 and the level of dehydration modulate the results but in different ways: dispersion of results, 24 under-or overestimation of the tritium activity. The influence of sample storage and 25 preparation has also been investigated. Methodological improvements of tritium 26 measurements in the free water of milk are proposed. 27 28
ISSN: 0265-931X

hal-01117741
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01117741
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01117741/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01117741/file/Tritium%20in%20the%20free%20water%20of%20milk-FINAL.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.09.006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Geological Society of America
Résumé : International audience
Because of its essential role in coupling climate and tectonics, denudation is a key parameter when constraining the history of Earth’s surface. This is particularly true at the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition, and the potential impact of the onset of Quaternary glaciations remains strongly debated. In the present study, we measured in situ cosmogenic 10Be within continuous late Cenozoic sedimentary sections that had already been dated using magnetostratigraphy. The new data were obtained from four sedimentary basins in the northern and southern Tianshan range (Central Asia). We first thoroughly discuss how in situ cosmogenic 10Be concentrations can be corrected for radioactive decay and for the contribution of postdepositional cosmogenic accumulation to derive the paleo–denudation rates. Our analysis shows that, in the four sedimentary records, the potential bias remains low enough to consider the derived denudation rates reliable. The four records, although likely influenced by local particularities due to lithological heterogeneity and local tectonics, display similar trends of continuously increasing denudation between ca. 9 Ma and the present. These rates have remained relatively high but steady since 4 Ma, ∼1.5 m.y. before the onset of the Quaternary glacial cycles. Though the rejuvenation of the Tianshan range since 11 Ma may explain most of the progressive increase (×5) in denudation, our data suggest that the Quaternary glaciations had only a limited impact on denudation in the Tianshan. Our data, however, indicate an increase in the spatial and high-frequency variability (<1 m.y.) of the denudation rates between 3 and 1 Ma. This may correspond to a transient readjustment of the landscape in response to the onset of Quaternary glacial cycles.
ISSN: 0016-7606

hal-01685766
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01685766
DOI : 10.1130/B31475.1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Sedimentary rocks and detrital minerals sample large areas of the continental crust, and they are increasingly seen as a reliable archive for its global evolution. This study presents two approaches to model the growth of the continental crust through the sedimentary archive. The first builds on the variations in U-Pb, Hf and O isotopes in global databases of detrital zircons. We show that uncertainty in the Hf isotope composition of the mantle reservoir from which new crust separated, in the 176Lu/177Hf ratio of that new crust, and in the contribution in the databases of zircons that experienced ancient Pb loss(es), adds some uncertainty to the individual Hf model ages, but not to the overall shape of the calculated continental growth curves. The second approach is based on the variation of Nd isotopes in 645 worldwide fine-grained continental sedimentary rocks with different deposition ages, which requires a correction of the bias induced by preferential erosion of younger rocks through an erosion parameter referred to as K. This dimensionless parameter relates the proportions of younger to older source rocks in the sediment, to the proportions of younger to older source rocks present in the crust from which the sediment was derived. We suggest that a Hadean/Archaean value of K = 1 (i.e., no preferential erosion), and that post-Archaean values of K = 4–6, may be reasonable for the global Earth system. Models built on the detrital zircon and the fine-grained sediment records independently suggest that at least 65% of the present volume of continental crust was established by 3 Ga. The continental crust has been generated continuously, but with a marked decrease in the growth rate at ~ 3 Ga. The period from > 4 Ga to ~ 3 Ga is characterised by relatively high net rates of continental growth (2.9–3.4 km3 yr− 1 on average), which are similar to the rates at which new crust is generated (and destroyed) at the present time. Net growth rates are much lower since 3 Ga (0.6–0.9 km3 yr− 1 on average), which can be attributed to higher rates of destruction of continental crust. The change in slope in the continental growth curve at ~ 3 Ga is taken to indicate a global change in the way bulk crust was generated and preserved, and this change has been linked to the onset of subduction-driven plate tectonics. At least 100% of the present volume of the continental crust has been destroyed and recycled back into the mantle since ~ 3 Ga, and this time marks a transition in the average composition of new continental crust. Continental crust generated before 3 Ga was on average mafic, dense, relatively thin (< 20 km) and therefore different from the calc-alkaline andesitic crust that dominates the continental record today. Continental crust that formed after 3 Ga gradually became more intermediate in composition, buoyant and thicker. The increase in crustal thickness is accompanied by increasing rates of crustal reworking and increasing input of sediment to the ocean. These changes may have been accommodated by a change in lithospheric strength at around 3 Ga, as it became strong enough to support high-relief crust. This time period therefore indicates when significant volumes of continental crust started to become emergent and were available for erosion and weathering, thus impacting on the composition of the atmosphere and the oceans.
ISSN: 0037-0738

hal-01622696
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01622696
DOI : 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2017.06.001