Résumé : "Emillio Pon's, a pioneer cigar manufacurer and an outstanding public servant , established the first cigar factory of local origin on this site in 1887. Here on October 17, 1894, Jose' Marti, the Cuban Patriot, made his last Ybor City revolutionary address from the readers pulpit amidst the wild acclaim of the Cuban tobacco workers. The final words of the prophtic speech were: "We shall triumph! Their hammer blows will be met by a destructive file of steel."
(Funding) Funded in part by the Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS), Ephemeral Cities Project.
Tampa |z 1271000 |2 ceeus
Hillsborough County |z 12057 |2 ceeus
United States of America -- Florida -- Hillsborough County -- Tampa

Droits : All rights reserved. 2005.
C24-05719

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag (Germany) Springer Verlag
Résumé : Production rates in horizontal shale gas wells display declines that are controlled by the low permeability and the intrinsic heterogeneity of the shale matrix. We present an original multi-continuum approach that yields a physical model able to reproduce the complexity of the decreasing gas rates. The model describes the dynamics of gas rate as function of the physical reservoir parameters and geometry, while the shale matrix heterogeneity is accounted for by a stochastic description of transmissivity field. From the 3D (Dimensional) problem setting, including the heterogeneous shale matrix, the fractures generated by the hydrofracking operations, as well as the production well characteristics, we establish an effective upscaled 1D model for the gas pressures in fracture and matrix as well as the volumetric flux. We analyse the decline curves behaviour, and we identify the time scales that characterize the dynamics of the gas rate decline using explicit analytical Laplace space solutions of the upscaled process model. Asymptotically, the flux curves decrease exponentially, while in an intermediate regime we find a power-law behaviour, in which the flux scales with a power law in time as (t^{-beta }), where (beta ) reflects the medium heterogeneity. We use this solution to fit a set of real data displaying distinctly different decline trends and study the sensitivity of the model to the reservoir parameters in order to identify their respective controls at the different stages of the decline curve dynamics. Results indicate that the initial value of the gas rate is determined by the transmissivity of the fractures and the initial pressure of the gas in the shale matrix. The latter causes mainly a shift in the entire decline curve. The early time of decline curve shape is primarily controlled by the fracture properties (compressibility and transmissivity). During the main part of the economically valuable production times, i.e. before the production rate drops exponentially, the decline curve is strongly controlled by the properties of the shale rocks including their heterogeneity, which is modelled by two parameters describing the non-Fickian pressure diffusion effects in a stochastic framework.
ISSN: 0169-3913

hal-01217247
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01217247
DOI : 10.1007/s11242-015-0504-y

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The Franceville Basin (2.1 Ga) in southeastern Gabon, hosts a black shale series well preserved (FB Formation) which represents an exceptional example of unmetamorphised Paleoproterozoic sediment strata. This basin includes the protore of one of the largest Mn-oxide laterite ore worldwide, mined by Eramet-Comilog. The aim of this this work is to determine formation conditions of this protore and to characterize the global sedimentary evolution of the FB Formation which include the protore. This 75 m thick protore is constituted of Mn carbonate-rich black shales which represent a potential ore deposit for the future. It was drilled, on the Bangombé plateau, during a recent campaign of 24 boreholes with an average depth of 125 m.Through multidisciplinary study on these cores and key outcrops of the basin, this work focuses on : i) the depositional environment of the Mn-protore and FB Formation ; ii) the processes of formation of the Mn-carbonates at 2.1 Ga and iii) the architecture and distribution of Mn-rich levels of the protore on the Bangombé Plateau.A detailed sedimentological and petrological study allowed us to redefine the division of the FB into nine units, named U1 to U9 from the base to the top. These units show a fine upward cycle up to U5 and a reverse coarse loop until U9. This division leads to a new interpretation to propose an evolution from a shoreface depositional environment controlled by deltaic currents (U1) to an offshore depositional environment with anoxic conditions (U2). In this basin, a system of submarine fan is developed, feeding a network of sand injections (injectites) covering the Bangombé plateau (70 km²) and with a thickness of 150 m affecting U4 to U7, including the Mn-protore. The protore depositional environment formed below the wave base limit (U4, U5 and U6) in a starved basin, controlled by biochemical sedimentation allowed the formation of Mn-carbonates. The end of starved basin, would allow the re-opening of the detrital input into the offshore basin (U7). This basin is then filled by storm bar deposits intersected by deltaic sub-aquatic channels (U8). The U9 unit corresponds to a quiet lagoon environment, allowing the multicellular organism development for the first time on the planet.A geochemical study allowed the characterization of the depositional environment of Mn-carbonates as an anoxic to sub-oxic and alkaline environment. For the first time, we showed that the manganese carbonates, present as bacteriomorph forms, are precipitated from the seawater by the mediated photosynthetic cyanobacterial activity, which allows CO2 / HCO3 depression of the environment and a local increase of pH. The cyanobacterial activity is controlled by the absence of bottom currents, which increase the detrital input. This would stop the activity of the cyanobacteria and thus would lead to the decrease of the Mn-concentration along the protore.Finally, well-log and a sequential correlation analyses allowed us to detail spatial and timing repartition of FB Formation deposit, controlled by a tectono-sedimentary model. We propose two- tectono-sedimentary phases. A first syn-tectonic phase (U1 to U3) controls the depocentres and sedimentation gaps. Turbidite coarse deposits are located in the most subsident part, clay deposits rather on the slope and carbonates on shoals. A second post-tectonic phase (U4 to U7) allows isopach deposits. The Mn-protore formed during the post-tectonic phase. However, it shows a variable thickness due to subsidence to the north of the Bangombé plateau. So, on the Bangombé plateau, Mn-contents increase towards the south, whereas the protore thickness increases towards the NNE. Moreover sand injectites decrease Mn-content in the eastern part of the Bangombé plateau and impact on the economic evaluation of the Mn-carbonates. Currently, the protore is structured by post-sedimentary faults, which lead to a non-continuity of the high Mn levels on the Bangombé plateau.
Le Bassin de Franceville situé au SE du Gabon présente une série de black shales (Formation FB) d'âge Paléoprotérozoïque (2,1 Ga) surmontant les grès de la Formation FA. Ce bassin peu déformé et non métamorphique représente une archive exceptionnelle des processus de dépôt de cette période de l’histoire de la Terre où la vie commence à se développer. En particulier, la Formation FB contient le protore d'un gisement mondial d'oxydes de manganèse exploité par la société Eramet-Comilog. L’objectif de ce travail est de préciser les conditions de formation de ce protore et de le replacer dans l’histoire du remplissage du bassin. Ce protore d'une épaisseur moyenne de 75 m est constitué de carbonates de manganèse ; il a fait l'objet d'une récente campagne de 24 forages carottés d'une profondeur moyenne de 125 m sur le plateau de Bangombé.A travers une approche pluridisciplinaire comprenant l'étude de ces forages et des affleurements clefs du bassin, ce travail porte sur la caractérisation i) de l'environnement de dépôt du protore et des séries qui l'encadrent (du toit du FA au toit du FB) ; ii) du mode de formation des carbonates de Mn à 2,1 Ga et iii) de l'architecture et de la répartition des hautes teneurs en Mn du protore qui représente un gisement potentiel du futur.L’étude pétro-sédimentaire détaillée a permis de distinguer neuf unités (U1 à U9) au sein de la Formation FB organisées suivant un cycle rétrogradant jusqu’à U5 puis progradant jusqu’à U9. Ce découpage montre une évolution du milieu de dépôt depuis un domaine de shoreface contrôlé par des courants deltaïques (U1) évoluant vers des dépôts d’offshore restreint (U2). Ce bassin enregistre ensuite un système de chenaux-levées turbiditiques (U3) qui alimentent un réseau d'injectites reconnu sur l’ensemble du Pl. de Bangombé et qui traverse 150 m de série (U4 à U7) en affectant le protore et ainsi les teneurs en Mn. L'environnement de dépôt du protore (U5 et U6) marque l’isolement du bassin qui devient affamé et contrôlé par une sédimentation biochimique à l’origine du dépôt des carbonates de Mn. L'Unité 7 correspond à la réouverture des apports détritiques en domaine d'offshore supérieur puis en domaine de shoreface dominé par des dépôts de tempêtes et de chenaux sous-aquatiques deltaïques (U8), et enfin lagunaire (U9) dans lequel apparaissent les premiers métazoaires de l’histoire de la planète, suivant une séquence régressive.Une étude géochimique a permis de préciser les conditions de dépôt du protore qui se forme en milieu alcalin anoxique à sub-oxique. Dans ce milieu, nous montrons pour la première fois une précipitation directe des carbonates de Mn sous forme bactériomorphe induite par l'activité photosynthétique des cyanobactéries qui consomment le CO2/HCO3 et conduisent à une augmentation du pH favorable à la formation des carbonates de Mn. L'activité cyanobactérienne est conditionnée par l’absence de courants de fond qui augmentent la turbidité du milieu et stoppent cette dernière.Les corrélations diagraphiques et séquentielles permettent de préciser la répartition spatiale et temporelle du FB permettant ainsi de replacer le protore dans l’histoire tectono-sédimentaire du bassin. Une première phase syn-tectonique (U1 à U3) contrôle l’épaisseur et la mise en place de dépôts turbiditiques dans les parties subsidentes, de dépôts argileux sur les pentes et de dépôt de carbonates sur les hauts-fonds. La seconde phase post tectonique (U4 à U7) permet la mise en place de dépôts relativement isopaques, bien que le protore enregistre une subsidence plus importante au nord du Pl. de Bangombé. On observe ainsi, sur le Plateau de Bangombé, des teneurs en Mn qui augmentent vers le sud alors que l’épaisseur du protore augmente vers le NNE. Postérieurement au dépôt du FB, le protore est structuré par des failles qui le compartimentent en touches de piano limitant ainsi sa continuité sur le Plateau de Bangombé.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01621460

tel-01621460
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01621460
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01621460/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01621460/file/these_Dubois2017-MnGabon.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Eight drill cores cutting through the Mn-carbonate bearing black shales from the Bangombé Plateau were studied. Mn-carbonates (up to 80 m thick) are underlain by laminated pyrite rich shales with organic carbon contents of about 4 wt. % and MnO contents of about 6 wt. %. Mn and Fe, S poor shales are intercalated. Mn-carbonate rich shales (20-29 wt. % MnO) have low contents of phyllosilicates, but are rich in organic carbon (about 7 wt. %) with moderate S contents (about 2 wt. %). All shale facies were deposited in a closed basin through suspension settling and precipitations under anoxic conditions. The Mn-carbonates, towards the top, were formed most likely under suboxic conditions. Pyrite and Mn-carbonates are characterized by bacteriomorphous structures. The latter are composed of micrometric carbonates finely intergrown with clays, quartz and organic matter. They formed around and corroded the dolomite and/or organic matter. Mn-carbonates and pyrite both form also several tenths of micrometer large agglomerates and sub-automorphous grains. The agglomerates can be attributed to evolving diagenesis. Carbonate chemistry varies mainly from rhodochrosite to dolomite. The present results point to primary microbial Mn-carbonate formation. No signs for a Mn-oxide precursor were detected. Slumping and shearing structures, distortion and disruption of thin pyrite beds indicate synsedimentary deformations.
13th Biennial SGA Meeting
Nancy, France

hal-01356155
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01356155

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
In petroleum industry, the difference between pore pressure (Pp) and minimum horizontal stress Sh (termed the seal or retention capacity) is of major consideration because it is often assumed to represent how close a system is to hydraulic failure and thus the maximum hydrocarbon column height that can be maintained. While Sh and Pp are often considered to be independent parameters, several studies in the last decade have demonstrated that Sh and Pp are in fact coupled. However, the nature of this coupling relationship remains poorly understood. In this paper, we explore the influences of the spatial pore pressure distribution on Sh/Pp coupling and then on failure pressure predictions and trap integrity evaluation. With analytical models, we predict the fluid pressure sustainable within a reservoir before failure of its overpressured shale cover. We verify our analytical predictions with experiments involving analogue materials and fluids. We show that hydraulic fracturing and seal breach occur for fluid pressure greater than it would be expected from conventional retention capacity. This can be explained by the impact of the fluid overpressure field in the overburden and the pressure diffusion around the reservoir on the principal stresses. We calculate that supralithostatic pressure could locally be reached in overpressured covers. We also define the retention capacity of a cover (RC) surrounding a fluid source or reservoir as the difference between the failure pressure and the fluid overpressure prevailing in shale at the same depth. In response to a localized fluid pressure rise, we show that the retention capacity does not only depend on the pore fluid overpressure of the overburden but also on the tensile strength of the cover, its Poisson's ratio, and the depth and width of the fluid source.
ISSN: 0264-8172

hal-00590497
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00590497
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.08.007

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Sedimentary rocks and detrital minerals sample large areas of the continental crust, and they are increasingly seen as a reliable archive for its global evolution. This study presents two approaches to model the growth of the continental crust through the sedimentary archive. The first builds on the variations in U-Pb, Hf and O isotopes in global databases of detrital zircons. We show that uncertainty in the Hf isotope composition of the mantle reservoir from which new crust separated, in the 176Lu/177Hf ratio of that new crust, and in the contribution in the databases of zircons that experienced ancient Pb loss(es), adds some uncertainty to the individual Hf model ages, but not to the overall shape of the calculated continental growth curves. The second approach is based on the variation of Nd isotopes in 645 worldwide fine-grained continental sedimentary rocks with different deposition ages, which requires a correction of the bias induced by preferential erosion of younger rocks through an erosion parameter referred to as K. This dimensionless parameter relates the proportions of younger to older source rocks in the sediment, to the proportions of younger to older source rocks present in the crust from which the sediment was derived. We suggest that a Hadean/Archaean value of K = 1 (i.e., no preferential erosion), and that post-Archaean values of K = 4–6, may be reasonable for the global Earth system. Models built on the detrital zircon and the fine-grained sediment records independently suggest that at least 65% of the present volume of continental crust was established by 3 Ga. The continental crust has been generated continuously, but with a marked decrease in the growth rate at ~ 3 Ga. The period from > 4 Ga to ~ 3 Ga is characterised by relatively high net rates of continental growth (2.9–3.4 km3 yr− 1 on average), which are similar to the rates at which new crust is generated (and destroyed) at the present time. Net growth rates are much lower since 3 Ga (0.6–0.9 km3 yr− 1 on average), which can be attributed to higher rates of destruction of continental crust. The change in slope in the continental growth curve at ~ 3 Ga is taken to indicate a global change in the way bulk crust was generated and preserved, and this change has been linked to the onset of subduction-driven plate tectonics. At least 100% of the present volume of the continental crust has been destroyed and recycled back into the mantle since ~ 3 Ga, and this time marks a transition in the average composition of new continental crust. Continental crust generated before 3 Ga was on average mafic, dense, relatively thin (< 20 km) and therefore different from the calc-alkaline andesitic crust that dominates the continental record today. Continental crust that formed after 3 Ga gradually became more intermediate in composition, buoyant and thicker. The increase in crustal thickness is accompanied by increasing rates of crustal reworking and increasing input of sediment to the ocean. These changes may have been accommodated by a change in lithospheric strength at around 3 Ga, as it became strong enough to support high-relief crust. This time period therefore indicates when significant volumes of continental crust started to become emergent and were available for erosion and weathering, thus impacting on the composition of the atmosphere and the oceans.
ISSN: 0037-0738

hal-01622696
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01622696
DOI : 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2017.06.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Whilst it used to affect mostly intravenous drug users and patients who underwent valvular surgery with suboptimal infection control procedures, fungal endocarditis is now mostly observed in patients with severe immunodeficiency (onco-haematology), in association with chronic central venous access and broad-spectrum antibiotic use. The incidence of fungal endocarditis has probably decreased in most developed countries with access to harm-reduction policies (i.e. needle exchange programmes) and with improved infection control procedures during cardiac surgery. Use of specific blood culture bottles for diagnosis of fungal endocarditis has decreased due to optimisation of media and automated culture systems. Meanwhile, the advent of rapid techniques, including fungal antigen detection (galactomannan, mannan/anti-mannan antibodies and β-1,3-d-glucans) and PCR (e.g. universal fungal PCR targeting 18S rRNA genes), shall improve sensitivity and reduce diagnostics delays, although limited data are available on their use for the diagnosis of fungal endocarditis. New antifungal agents available since the early 2000s may represent dramatic improvement for fungal endocarditis: (i) a new class, the echinocandins, has the potential to improve the management of Candida endocarditis owing to its fungicidal effect on yeasts as well as tolerability of increased dosages; and (ii) improved survival in patients with invasive aspergillosis with voriconazole compared with amphotericin B, and this may apply to Aspergillus sp. endocarditis as well, although its prognosis remains dismal. These achievements may allow selected patients to be cured with prolonged medical treatment alone when surgery is considered too risky.
ISSN: 0924-8579

hal-01118441
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118441
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.07.003
PUBMED : 25178919

Résumé : Nous traiterons successivement des circonstances de l'émergence du Panama depuis la période précolombienne, les premières expéditions espagnoles à la recherche d'un détroit vers les Indes, de l'indépendance du Panama. Dans la première partie, nous traiteront de l'Isthme du Panama comme terre de passage et de son Canal de1880 à 1914, du rêve séculaire à la réalité où, successivement, nous étudierons son destin français, sa position entre intérêts français et aspirations américaines. Les États-Unis et le Panama nous conduiront à traiter de l'installation des Américains, la construction du Canal (1904-1914) ; les traités Carter-Torrijos, entre compromis et ambiguïtés. La deuxième partie traitera des stratégies de développement du Panama; l'importance des facteurs socioéconomiques et la dynamique des structures sociopolitiques seront mises en exergue. L'intégration des Antillais de Guadeloupe et de Martinique dans le cercle communautaire panaméen de 1914 à nos jours. Àcet égard, nous traiterons des apports de la culture antillaise dans la représentation panaméenne, un brassage culturel. En troisième lieu, leur contribution à l'essor de la nation. Il s'agira ici d'étudier les arts et la culture, la musique et les danses, la littérature et la linguistique de même que les revendications culturelles des minorités ethniques. Enfin, nous orienterons nos recherches sur la question de l'unité panaméenne à l'aube du Ille millénaire, l'organisation des diverses communautés et l'installation européenne au Panama.
We will successively deal with the circumstances of the emergence of Panama since the pre-Colum bian period, the first Spanish shipping expeditions in search of a strait towards India, and the independence of Panama. ln the first part, we shall deal with the Isthmus of Panama as a land of passage and with its Channel from 1880 to 1914, from the secular dream to reality where, successively, we shall study its French fate, its position in regards to French interests and American aspiration. The relationship between the United States and Panama will lead us to deal with the settling of the Americans, the construction of the Channel (1904-1914), the "Carter-Torrijos" treaties, between compromises and ambiguities. The second part will deal with strategies of development for Panama; the importance of socioeconomic factors and the dynamics of the sociopolitical structures will be highlighted. The integration of the people of Guadeloupe and Martinique in the Panamanian community circle from 1914 to nowadays. In this respect, we shall treat contributions of the French West Indian culture within the Panamanian representation; the cultural admixture. In the third part, their contribution at the development of the Panamanian nation. The issue will be to study arts and culture, music and dances, Iiterature and Iinguistics as weil as the cultural demands from ethnic minorities. Finally, we shall direct our researches towards the question of Panamanian unity at the dawn of the third millennium, the organization of the diverse communities and the European settling in Panama

http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0393/document

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : L’algue est une ressource marine peu étudiée par la géographie ; elle offre pourtant des potentialités de développement économique. Les macro-algues cultivées à des fins alimentaires sont une alternative à la pêche. Les micro-algues constituent une biomasse valorisable : molécule pharmaceutique, Oméga 3 et biocarburants. De ces différents usages naît la question suivante : les algues sont-elles une ressource marine à exploiter pour développer durablement les territoires de la zone intertropicale ? Nous présenterons tout d’abord l’algoculture à l’échelle mondiale en soulignant le faible poids de cette activité dans le bassin caribéen. Puis nous montrerons que l’algoculture s’inscrit dans un processus de développement durable en assurant un revenu à des communautés rurales (Petites Antilles). Enfin, dans une approche comparative (États-Unis), nous verrons que l’espace caribéen est une région de projets et d’aménagements durables qui a des atouts pour développer l’algoculture : exposition solaire, hautes températures, proximité de la recherche américaine.
Algae as sea resource have not been largely explored in Geography, yet it offers the potential for economic development. Macro-algae are cultivated for food purposes and they can substitute for fishing. Micro-algae can be valued as biomass: “nutraceutics”, Omega 3, biofuel. These various utilizations raise a question: are algae a key to a sustainable development in intertropical islands? We shall present Algaculture on a global scale, while emphasizing its low importance in the Caribbean. Then we shall show how algaculture can be part of a process of sustainable development by providing revenue to rural communities (Lesser Antilles). Finally, in a comparative approach (with the US), we shall see that the Caribbean Region has a number of assets for algaculture that make it suitable for sustainable projects and infrastructures: solar exposure, high temperatures, close to the US research centers.
États-Unis
Caraïbes

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.4389
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/4389

Éditeur(s) : Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd
Résumé : We report rare earth element (REE) and neodymium (Nd) isotope data for the organic fraction of sediments collected from various depositional environments, i.e. rivers (n=25), estuaries (n=18), open-ocean settings (n=15), and cold seeps (n=12). Sedimentary Organic Matter (SOM) was extracted using a mixed hydrogen peroxide/nitric acid solution (20%-H2O2 – 0.02M-HNO3), after removal of carbonate and oxy-hydroxide phases with dilute hydrochloric acid (0.25M-HCl). A series of experimental tests indicate that extraction of sedimentary organic compounds using H202 may be complicated occasionally by partial dissolution of sulphide minerals and residual carbonates. However, this contamination is expected to be minor for REE because measured concentrations in H2O2 leachates are about two-orders of magnitude higher than in the above mentioned phases. The mean REE concentrations determined in the H2O2 leachates for samples from rivers, estuaries, coastal seas and open-ocean settings yield relatively similar levels, with ΣREE = 109 ± 86 ppm (mean ± s; n=58). The organic fractions leached from cold seep sediments display even higher concentration levels (285 ± 150 ppm; mean ± s; n=12). The H2O2 leachates for most sediments exhibit remarkably similar shale-normalized REE patterns, all characterized by a mid-REE enrichment compared to the other REE. This suggests that the distribution of REE in leached sedimentary organic phases is controlled primarily by biogeochemical processes, rather than by the composition of the source from which they derive (e.g. pore, river or sea- water). The Nd isotopic compositions for organic phases leached from river sediments are very similar to those for the corresponding detrital fractions. In contrast, the SOM extracted from marine sediments display εNd values that typically range between the εNd signatures for terrestrial organic matter (inferred from the analysis of the sedimentary detrital fractions) and marine organic matter (inferred from the analysis of local surface seawater). A notable exception is the case of organic matter (OM) fractions leached from cold seep sediment samples, which sometimes exhibit εNd values markedly different from both terrigenous and surface seawater signatures. This suggests that a significant fraction of organic compounds in these sediments may be derived from chemosynthetic processes, recycling pore water REE characterized by a distinct isotopic composition. Overall, our results confirm that organic matter probably plays an important role in the oceanic REE budget, through direct scavenging and remineralization within the water column. Both the high REE abundances and the shape of shale-normalized patterns for leached SOM also suggest that OM degradation in sub-surface marine sediments during early diagenesis could control, to a large extent, the distribution of REE in pore waters. Benthic fluxes of organic-bound REE could hence substantially contribute to the exchange processes between particulates and seawater that take place at ocean margins. Neodymium isotopes could provide useful information for tracing the origin (terrestrial versus marine) and geographical provenance of organic matter, with potential applications in paleoceanography. In particular, future studies should further investigate the potential of Nd isotopes in organic compounds preserved in sedimentary records for reconstructing past variations of surface ocean circulation.
Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta (0016-7037) (Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd), 2014-09 , Vol. 140 , P. 177-198

Droits : 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00191/30250/28682.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.016
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00191/30250/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Borntraeger Science Publishers
Résumé : This study characterizes the stratigraphical context as well as the palaeoenvironmental and sealevel trends during the Late Frasnian and Famennian in the Buschteich section (Thuringia, Germany). An integrated approach combines conodont biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy based on carbon and oxygen isotopes, conodont biofacies analyses and investigations of the morphotypes of foraminifera that occur in the section was applied. Conodonts provided a fine-scale biostratigraphical framework. All the Famennian conodont biozones were identified, with the exception of the three lowest. The Frasnian – Famennian transition was further identified by a positive carbon isotope excursion. This continuous Famennian record is developed in a condensed limestone succession. The reddish Griotte facies, typical of strata of this period, were not documented. Black shales were not developed except for an interval of dark colored mud rocks corresponding to the Hangenberg event at the top of the section. The carbonate succession of Buschteich was deposited in an outer ramp environment, pelagic organisms are the dominant fauna. This is corroborated by the overall dominance of the deep-water conodont genus Palmatolepis. Microfacies, conodont biofacies and foramini fera indicated a deepening trend from the Lower crepida to the Lower rhomboidea Zone, followed by a shallowing trend from the Upper rhomboidea to the praesulcata Zone. This sequence overall matches the sea level reference curve for Euramerica. The timing of maximum water depth at Buschteich, as well as the general sea-level reference record, differs from the Col des Tribes (Montagne Noire, France). Differential uplift or overprinting of the long-term eustatic changes may be the cause of the discrepancy in the local sea-level records.
ISSN: 0078-0421

hal-01623111
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01623111
DOI : 10.1127/nos/2016/0318

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : Clay shale landscapes are sensitive to landslide, erosion, and re-sedimentation processes. In this context, tectonized clay shales have peculiar hydrological and mechanical behaviours. In order to improve our understanding of the processes involved in such systems, an experimental site has been settled in the Draix Observatory (ORE DRAIX) on a black marl hill slope of the Southern Alps (France) in the framework of the ECOU-PREF project. The site is a natural laboratory to study the evolution of clay shale landscapes at several scales (regional to µm). In this study, we aim to characterize the internal structure and fissure patterns of a stable interfluve, in order to locate preferential water flows within the system, and anticipate its evolution. This work is based on a series of mutli-disciplinary approaches including petrophysical analyses, well pulse injection tests and downhole geophysical measurements. Borehole geophysical results were combined with laboratory measurements on core plugs (permeability, density, porosity, and acoustic velocity). Optical and acoustical images have been used as an original tool for internal discontinuities characterisation and potential active flow path detection. They allowed the identification of three main lithological units interpreted as several stages of shale alteration. In addition, several main structural plane discontinuities (open fractures, schistosity planes, and fractures infilled with calcite or clays) were identified from the images and their potential transmissivity discussed with regard to piezometric and tracer measurements. In all, the integration of measurements leads to propose a simple scenario of fluid circulation and chemical alteration of the interfluve.
ISSN: 0885-6087

hal-00757581
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00757581
DOI : 10.1002/hyp.7997

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The Duffy Antigen/Receptor for Chemokine (DARC) is a seven segment transmembrane protein. It was firstly discovered as a blood group antigen and was the first specific gene locus assigned to a specific autosome in man. It became more famous as an erythrocyte receptor for malaria parasites (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi), and finally for chemokines. DARC is an unorthodox chemokine receptor as (i) it binds chemokines of both CC and CXC classes and (ii) it lacks the Asp-Arg-Tyr consensus motif in its second cytoplasmic loop hence cannot couple to G proteins and activate their signaling pathways. DARC had also been associated to cancer progression, numerous inflammatory diseases, and possibly to AIDS. In this review, we will summarize important biological data on DARC. Then we shall focus on recent development of the elaboration and analyzes of structural models of DARC. We underline the difficulty to propose pertinent structural models of transmembrane protein using comparative modeling process, and other dedicated approaches as the Protein Blocks. The chosen structural models encompass most of the biochemical data known to date. Finally, we present recent development of protein - protein docking between DARC structural models and CXCL-8 structures. We propose a hierarchal search based on separated rigid and flexible docking.
Infectious disorders drug targets

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
inserm-00366309
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00366309
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00366309/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00366309/file/de_Brevern_Autin_Bertrand_Colin_Etchebest.pdf
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00366309/file/inserm-00366309_edited.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The advent of pen-based interfaces has led to the development of many applications concerning the analysis of a drawn shape. But a drawing is not only a shape. It is also all the gestures which constitutes the drawing activity, as well as their planning. Pen-based interfaces give us the possibility to analyze this dimension of sketching. We call this kind of analysis: procedural analysis. In this article, we will show how to identify the privileged drawing procedures of users by identifying a constant pattern despite a huge within-drawer variability in drawing procedures. After stating how to extract this constant pattern, we shall show how we can use those results into a drawing-based user identification method.
ICFHR 2012 - International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition
Bari, Italy

hal-00708708
https://hal.inria.fr/hal-00708708

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The Imiter silver mine is a world-class deposit located in the Easternpart of the Anti-Atlas (Morocco). The deposit is hosted by Cryogenianblack shales and Ediacaran volcanics, and unconformablyoverlain byPaleozoic sedimentary rocks. The paragenetic sequence for the ganguemineral is composedby amacroscopically white quartz (Qz1) associatedwith the deposition of galena and scarce silver mineralsas matrixof hydraulic breccias, followed by a grey quartz (Qz2) associated withthe main silver deposition event and a first generation of scarcedolomite(Dol1). A third episode is characterized by massive pink dolomite precipitation(Dol2) with minor quartz (Qz3) and base metals. Finally, asurficial event affects the mineralisation and is responsible for a secondaryore enrichment.Microthermometry study coupled with Raman analyses reveals thatfluid inclusions are CaCl2-dominated. The general trend is a decreaseof temperature from Qz1 (250°C) to Dol1 (80°C) then Dol 2 (probablybelow 70°C) depositions. Fluid salinity increases from Qz1 (6.3 to 19.0wt % NaCleq) to Dol1 (27.2 % wt NaCleq), and decreases with the precipitationof Dol2 associated with quartz 3 (15 %wt NaCleq). The 18Oisotopic composition of fluids in equilibrium with quartz and dolomitesuggestsamagmatic,metamorphic and/or basinal origin for the fluid atthe origin of Qz1, and that meteoric / surficial basinal brinesmay be atthe origin of Dol2.The proposed model to explain the ore forming processes in Imiter is amixing of Ca-brines, probably providing chloride complexes, with a hotNaCl fluid of lower salinity, leading to the precipitation of silver.Theresults favour the important role of calcic brines, whose origin remainsmatter to debate in such a giant depositand for whom age of emplacementis strongly discussed.
24 ème Réunion des sciences de la Terre 2014
Pau, France

insu-01080858
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01080858

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : The French Guiana transform margin and Demerara abyssal plain have been recently surveyed in the framework of the EXTRAPLAC French Program of extension of the continental shelf (Guyaplac survey, Ifremer-IFP-SHOM-IPEV). Based on the interpretation of some of the data collected during the Guyaplac survey (Simrad-EM12 multibeam bathymetric data, backscatter imagery, and 3.5 kHz profiles), the area can be divided into three morphostructural domains. (1) The western Guiana margin, including a part of the Demerara plateau, an important bathymetric relief prolonging the continental platform off Guiana and Surinam. This domain is bounded by (1a) the NWSE trending northern border of the Demerara plateau which appears quite steep and corresponds to a transform segment of the margin, (1b) the N-S eastern border of the Demerara plateau which corresponds to a divergent segment of the margin. The Demerara plateau shows a segmented morphology, low slope gradients, and a very rough surface (ripples perpendicular to the slope direction). NNW-SSE structural steps seem to correspond to collapses of 100 km long blocs towards the east. Slumps initiate along these directions. The observed rough bathymetry seems to be related to creeping processes. At a greater scale (seismic data), this part of the margin has been totally destabilized (numerous imbricate transparent masses rooted at about 0.5 s.t.w.t.t. below seafloor). The NW-SE trending northern border of the Demerara plateau corresponds to a cliff-like continental slope, probably slightly smoother than other transform margins (Ghana/cote d'Ivoire margin). The N-S eastern border of Demerara plateau is characterized by numerous small-scale imbricate slumps. Some of these failures seem to be emplaced in the prolongation of the NNW-SSE structural steps identified on the Demerara plateau. (2) The eastern Guiana margin corresponds to a NW-SE oriented gullied transform margin segment. The associated continental slope is very steep and characterized by numerous imbricate slumps and related debris flows. Some undulated masses, probably corresponding to creeping sediments or to older mass-wasting events are still imprinted on bathymetry. This transform margin segment is nearly entirely destabilized and eroded. (3) The Demerara abyssal plain. This domain is characterized eastwards by channels belonging to the Amazon turbidite system and westwards, at the foot of Demerara continental slope, by sediment waves probably created by contour currents. To conclude, it seems that there is a strong relationship between the structure (transform and divergent segments) and the emplacement of recurrent slope instabilities. These are probably related to the steepness of the slopes but also to subsidence histories generating in some cases huge deep-seated collapses of the whole margin. Fluid ascents are common everywhere in the area, probably enhancing slope instability. Their origin is not constrained but the black shales or Cretaceous organic-rich layers could be good candidates.
Marine and Petroleum Geology (0264-8172) (Elsevier), 2009-05 , Vol. 26 , N. 5 , P. 711-723

Droits : 2008 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6856.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.02.010
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6856/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
(definition, qualities social and/or world) as technological media of the innovation, we shall wonder about the stakes and the impacts of these in the alternative strategies of collective intelligence, as community stand.This brings us to invest more profoundly the community innovation in sustainable development, by a concrete ground : association of ecocitizenship of the Bay of Arcachon., Ecocitizens of the Bay of Arcachon, the association integrated into the CEBA, the Coordination Environment Association of the Bay of Arcachon wich account 29 associations of environnemental protection on the Bay of Arcachon. Our subject is to show from the appropriation of ICTS and new modes of existence of the technical objects that the social innovation is born and diversifies in a intercultural way from complex hybridizations between economic concerns, relations with public authorities and social utility. Does not this define a new imagination of the innovation and the change where the individual via the groups has a renewed responsibility and which sometimes is to be re-qualified ?
Dans cet article, après un état des lectures sur les réseaux, base de notre cadre méthodologique (définition, type, qualités sociaux et/ou mondiaux) en tant que supports technologiques de l’innovation, nous nous interrogerons sur les enjeux et les impacts de ceux-ci dans les stratégies alternatives d’intelligence collective, en tant que prise de position communautaire. Ceci nous amène à investir plus profondément l’innovation communautaire en développement durable, par un terrain concret : association d’écocitoyenneté du Bassin d’Arcachon, Ecocitoyens du Bassin d’Arcachon, association intégrée à la CEBA l’Association Coordination Environnement du Bassin d’Arcachon qui compte 29 associations de protection de l’environnement sur le Bassin d’Arcachon Notre propos est de montrer à partir de l’appropriation des TIC et de nouveaux modes d’existence des objets techniques que l’innovation sociale naît et se diversifie de façon interculturelle à partir d’hybridations complexes entre préoccupations économiques, relations avec les pouvoirs publics et utilité sociale.Ceci ne définit-il pas un nouvel imaginaire de l’innovation et du changement où l’individu via les groupes a une responsabilité renouvelée et qui est parfois à requalifier ?
Les écosystèmes numériques et la démocratisation informationnelle : Intelligence collective, Développement durable, Interculturalité, Transfert de connaissances
Schoelcher, France

hal-01258348
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01258348
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01258348/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01258348/file/Catherine%20PASCAL.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Gold mineralisation in the Yatela Main gold mine is hosted in a saprolitic residuum situated above Birimian supracrustal rocks, and at depth. The supracrustal rocks comprise metamorphosed calcitic and dolomitic marbles that were intruded by diorite (2106 ± 10 Ma, 207Pb/206Pb), and sandstone-siltstone-shale sequences (youngest detrital zircon population dated at 2139 ± 6 Ma). In-situ gold-sulphide mineralisation is associated with hydrothermal activity synchronous to emplacement of the diorite and forms a sub-economic resource; however, the overlying saprolitic residuum hosts economic gold mineralisation in friable lateritized palaeosols and aeolian sands (loess).Samples of saprolitic residuum were studied to investigate the morphology and composition of gold grains as a proxy for distance from source (and possible exploration vector) because the deposit hosts both angular and detrital gold suggesting both proximal and distal sources. U–Pb geochronology of detrital zircons also indicated a proximal and distal source, with the age spectra giving Archaean (2.83–3.28 Ga), and Palaeoproterozoic (1.95–2.20 Ga) to Neoproterozoic (1.1–1.8 Ga) zircons in the Yatela depocentre. The 1.1–1.8 Ga age spectrum restricts the maximum age for the first deposition of the sedimentary units in the Neoproterozoic, or during early deposition in the Taoudeni Basin. Models for formation of the residuum include distal and proximal sources for detritus into the depocentre, however, it is more likely that material was sourced locally and included recycled material. The creation of a deep laterite weathering profile and supergene enrichment of the residuum probably took place during the mid-Cretaceous-early Tertiary.
ISSN: 0899-5362

hal-01277679
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01277679
DOI : 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.07.017

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Les « printemps » arabo-africains se suivent et ne se ressemblent pas, aux  « printemps » doux et pacifiques succèdent des « printemps » chauds et sanguinaires. Un « printemps » en chasse un autre, mais le bilan est mitigé, l’avenir encore incertain et les acquis réversibles. Indéniablement, ils n’ont pas encore dit leur dernier mot. De nouvelles raisons de préoccupations voient le jour, de nature différente ; elles ont pour nom : instabilité, intolérance, chaos, paralysie de l’État et ses institutions, menace qui plane sur le droit des femmes, des minorités de tous ordres, sur la liberté de conscience et le droit à la différence. Mais aussi de nouvelles raisons d’espérer des lendemains meilleurs.L'Afrique n’en est pas à un « printemps » près, mais les retombées sont toujours restées en deçà des attentes. La mise en place laborieuse d'un système panafricain des droits de l’homme et des peuples fut saluée, à juste titre, comme un évènement majeur et un « printemps » avant  la  lettre.L'article retrace toutes les étapes et péripéties de cette mise en place, le contexte, les tenants  et  les aboutissants de l'élaboration de la Charte africaine des droits de l'homme et des peuples qui en constitue le substratum. Il met en exergue ses spécificités, ses originalités, les mécanismes prévus et les organes érigés (Commission et Cour Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples) pour assurer l'application et la promotion des  droits de l'homme et des peuples. À beaucoup d’égards, la Charte innove courageusement et originalement par  rapport à ses illustres devancières.Dans son intitulé d'abord : il s'agit d'une Charte et non d’une Déclaration. Ensuite, les droits de l’homme sont couplés aux droits des peuples et hissés au même niveau d'importance et d'impérativité, sinon plus. Enfin, la Charte ne reconnait pas seulement des droits mais elle édicte des devoirs (envers la famille, la communauté, l'État, l'Afrique, l’environnement, etc.) et fait de l'accomplissement de ceux-ci une condition de la jouissance de ceux-là. Deux décennies de recul et seulement 12 affaires traitées (sur seulement 24 qui lui sont parvenus), on peut dire que cette dernière est loin d'avoir atteint sa vitesse de croisière et mérité tant d'espoir placé en elle. De là à jeter le bébé avec l'eau du  bain, occulter tous les bienfaits d'un système qui est loin d'avoir démérité, il n'y a qu'un pas que ne franchirons guère.
The Arab-African springs follow one after the other but are not alike, soft and peaceful springs are succeeded by hot and bloodthirsty springs. One spring expels another one, but the situation s balance sheet is mixed, the future is still uncertain and the experiences are reversible. Undeniably, they didn't say their last word. New reasons of preoccupation are born, made of different nature : they are named : instability, intolerance, chaos, paralysis of the state and its institutions, threat to the women rights, minorities of all kinds, the conscience freedom and the rights to difference ; but also new reasons to hope for a better tomorrow. Africa is not at its last "spring" but the rewards remained always below expectations.The laborious Implementation of a Pan-African system of human rights and peoples was hailed, deservedly, as a major event and a "spring" far ahead of its time. The article in attached outlines all the steps and vicissitudes of this implementation rerelease the context, the end and results of the elaboration of human and people’s rights African charter which constitutes the substratum. It highlights its specificities, its originalities, the planed mechanisms and high instruments (Commission and the African Court of Human and Peoples' Rights) to ensure the application and the promotion of human and people’s rights.In many respects, the Charter innovates bravely and originally compared to its illustrious predecessors.At first in its title: it is matter of a charter and not a declaration. Then, human rights are closely connected to the people’s rights and hoisted at the same level of importance and imperativeness or more. Finally, the Charter does not only recognizes rights but it promulgates duties (to family, community, the state, Africa, the environment, etc.) and makes of the fulfillment of these a condition of enjoyment of those. Two decades backout, and only 12 cases treated (from only 24 have reached) later, in front of the Court, we can say that it is far from having reached its cruising speed and deserved so much hope placed in it.From there to throw the baby out with the bath water, hide all the benefits of a system which is far from being unworthy, there is only one step which shall exceed hardly.
Afrique

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.6735
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/6735

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : International audience
The Ben Zireg anticline NW of Bechar yields the currently most-important Frasnian succession on the northern margin of the Algerian Sahara. It represents 26.5 m of calcilutites which are attributed to the middle–late Frasnian. As the early Frasnian is not represented, the succession rests conformably on undifferentiated, probably late Givetian, substrate. Fine-scaled conodont biostratigraphy reveals a continuous sequence of Montagne Noire Zones 5–13, superseded by the earliest Famennian Lower triangularis Zone. The deposits are organized into 15 sedimentary cycles that are initially condensed and become dilated upwards. Conodont biofacies indicate an overall deepening towards the top of the section with an episode of slight shallowing at the MN11/12 transition marked by an increase of ancyrodellids, which is also seen in the Marhouma section of the Ougarta region (SW Algeria). Homogeneous calcareous microfacies with only a few shaly intercalations determine a predominantly oxygenated depositional environment on an outer platform, submarine rise or ramp setting. This is also indicated by relatively low sedimentation rates which are similar in selected sections from the Tafilalt platform, and contrast with those from the Marhouma trough and the Maider basin. Unlike other Frasnian successions south of the Atlas Fault, but similar to the Moroccan Meseta, the Upper Kellwasser horizon is clearly discriminated at Ben Zireg by an outstanding occurrence of black shales on top of the oxygenated latest Frasnian deposits.
ISSN: 0016-7568

hal-01217151
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01217151
DOI : 10.1017/S0016756814000715