Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 1431-9276

hal-01680427
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01680427
DOI : 10.1017/S1431927614010654

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society of Hematology
Résumé : International audience
Zika fever is an Aedes-borne disease caused by a flavivirus (Zika virus, ZIKV, genus Flavivirus). During the past years ZIKV spread in Polynesia, South-America and the Caribbean. Most ZIKV infections are asymptomatic or result in mild febrile disease with rash and conjunctivitis. Attention was recently drawn to non-vectored ZIKV transmission, including sexual, probable blood-borne and mother-to-fetus transmission, and to severe forms such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute neurological infections and fetal abnormalities (including microcephaly). Many aspects of Zika fever natural history remain unknown, e.g. the proportion of asymptomatic cases and the duration of viremia. Estimating the prevalence of Zika infections is difficult because a large proportion of infected individuals do not seek medical attention and seroprevalence studies are hampered by antigenic cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses, e.g. dengue virus. Here, we present a study of ZIKV infection in blooddonors from Martinique island (French West Indies, Caribbean region), with novel epidemiological, biological and clinical information that refine the picture of Zika fever in adults.
ISSN: 0006-4971

inserm-01415646
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01415646
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01415646/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01415646/file/2016%2C%20Gallian%20et%20al%20-%20Zika%20virus%20in%20asymptomatic%20blood%20donors%2C%20Martinique%20%281%29.pdf
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2016-09-737981

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
Résumé : International audience
In 2002, the French Food Safety Agency drew attention to the lack of information on the prevalence of human cryptosporidiosis in the country. Two years later, the ANOFEL Cryptosporidium National Network (ACNN) was set up to provide public health authorities with data on the incidence and epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in France. Constituted on a voluntary basis, ACNN includes 38 hospital parasitology laboratories (mainly in university hospitals). Each laboratory is engaged to notify new cases of confirmed human cryptosporidiosis, store specimens (e.g. stools, duodenal aspirates or biopsies) and related clinical and epidemiological data, using data sheet forms. From January 2006 to December 2009, 407 cryptosporidiosis cases were notified in France and 364 specimens were collected. Of the notified cases, 74 were children under four years of age, accounting for 18.2%. HIV-infected and immunocompetent patients represented 38.6% (n=157) and 28% (n=114) of cases, respectively. A marked seasonal pattern was observed each year, with increased number of cases in mid to late summer and the beginning of autumn. Genotyping of 345 isolates from 310 patients identified C. parvumin 168 (54.2%) cases, C. hominis in 113 (36.4%) and other species in 29 (9.4%), including C. felis (n=15), C. meleagridis (n=4), C. canis (n=4), Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype (n=1), Cryptosporidium rabbit genotype (n=1) and new Cryptosporidium genotypes (n=4). These data represent the first multisite report of laboratory-confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis in France.
ISSN: 1560-7917

hal-00926813
https://hal-unilim.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00926813
PUBMED : 20739000

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD John Libbey Eurotext
Résumé : International audience
Environmental health risk assessment is commonly used in France for risk management purposes. The Methodology section of the "Société française de santé environnement" (French Society for Environmental Health) seeks to improve the utility and implementation of risk assessment in France. An initial operational objective is to make a list of short-, intermediate- and long-term improvements. This inventory is based in part on the experience and expertise of society members in this area and in part on their analysis of "Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment" (National Research Council 2009). In this paper, the Society recommends modifications in the indications for and use of risk assessments, during each of the four stages of the process: hazard identification and dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, risk characterization, and results interpretation. Some may be implemented now, while others need consensus building or research because of gaps in knowledge. Environmental health risk assessment must be understood as a decision tool for risk management in situations of uncertainly. Thus, appropriate linkage is required between decision making and assessment, and between the methods and the expected results.
L'évaluation des risques sanitaires est fréquemment utilisée en France dans les processus de décision en santé environnementale. La section " Méthodologie d'évaluation des risques sanitaires " de la Société française de santé environnement (SFSE) s'est donnée pour objectif de proposer des éléments de réflexion et des outils méthodologiques en vue d'améliorer l'utilité et les pratiques de l'évaluation des risques sanitaires. Un premier objectif opérationnel est l'inventaire des améliorations possibles à court, moyen et long termes à apporter à la démarche et à son utilisation. Ce travail s'est fondé, d'une part, sur la pratique et l'expertise des membres de la section, et, d'autre part, sur une lecture critique du rapport " Science and Decisions : Advancing Risk Assessment " publié en 2009 par le National Research Council et portant également sur les évolutions de la démarche. Dans cet article, la section restitue les conclusions de cet inventaire critique et propose un certain nombre d'améliorations en termes d'indications et d'utilisations de l'évaluation des risques sanitaires pour chacune des quatre étapes : identification des dangers et relation dose-réponse ; évaluation de l'exposition ; caractérisation des risques ; et interprétation des résultats. Certaines recommandations peuvent être mises en oeuvre immédiatement ; d'autres, en préalable à leur mise en oeuvre, nécessitent un consensus ou encore de la recherche car les connaissances manquent. En conclusion, la section insiste sur le fait que l'évaluation des risques sanitaires doit être comprise comme une aide à la décision en situation d'incertitude ; l'articulation entre le contexte décisionnel et l'évaluation, sa méthodologie et les résultats attendus est donc primordiale.
ISSN: 1635-0421

ineris-00963325
https://hal-ineris.archives-ouvertes.fr/ineris-00963325
DOI : 10.1684/ers.2011.0435
INERIS : EN-2012-016

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
Résumé : International audience
Following of the emergence of Zika virus in Brazil in 2015, an epidemiological surveillance system was quickly implemented in the French overseas Territories of America (FTA) according to previous experience with dengue and chikungunya and has detected first cases of Zika. General practitioners and medical microbiologists were invited to report all clinically suspectedcases of Zika, laboratory investigations were systematically conducted (RT-PCR). On 18 December, the first autochthonous case of Zika virus infection was confirmed by RT-PCR on French Guiana and Martinique, indicating introduction of Zika virus inFTA. The viral circulation of Zika virus was then also confirmed on Guadeloupe and Saint-Martin. We report here early findings on 203 confirmed cases of Zika virus infection identified by RT-PCR or seroneutralisation on Martinique Island between 24 November 2015 and 20 January 2016. All cases were investigated. Common clinical signs were observed (maculopapularrash, arthralgia, fever, myalgia and conjunctival hyperaemia) among these patients, but the rash, the foundation of our case definition, may be absent in a significant proportion of patients (16%). These results are important for the implementation of a suspected case definition, the main tool for epidemiological surveillance, in territories that may be affected by ZIKV emergence, including Europe.
ISSN: 1025-496X

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
inserm-01415215
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01415215
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01415215/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01415215/file/2016%2C%20Daudens-Vaysse%20-%20Zika%20emergence%20in%20the%20French%20Territories%20of%20America%20and%20description%20of%20first%20confirmed%20cases%20of%20Zika%20virus%20infection%20on%20Martinique%20.pdf
DOI : 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.28.30285

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
GEOBIA 2012
Rio de Janeiro, France

hal-01107866
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01107866

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Royal Society of Chemistry
Résumé : International audience
A versatile sol-gel route has been developed for the preparation of hierarchical porous silica membrane material with highly dispersed platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs). The outstanding feature of the "one pot" synthesis developed in this work lies in the successful preparation of a stable complex suspension made of silica sol, multi-scale porogens and Pt nanoparticles. The multi-scale porogens were based on non-ionic triblock copolymers and aqueous latex suspension to create mesopores and macropores, respectively, with finely tuned pore size and organization. For further functionalization of the membranes, Pt nanoparticles of about 4 nm in diameter were prepared by irradiating with microwaves (MW) the Pt precursors added in the starting suspension. This original path is suggested to enable a pre-organization of Pt nanoparticles in the ordered mesoporous structure. The suspensions were then deposited as thin films on either dense or macroporous supports, and further thermally treated at 450°C to remove the porogen units. Hierarchical porous layers composed of micropores (<2 nm), ordered mesopores (∼4 nm) and macropores (∼70 nm) with or without Pt were prepared and characterized. The resulting membranes are foreseen to exhibit great potential as multifunctional membranes for gas separation coupled with catalytic reaction. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2008.
ISSN: 0959-9428

hal-01680586
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01680586
DOI : 10.1039/b807029f

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD EDP Sciences
Résumé : Cette communication présente les principaux résultats du projet ExtraFlo sur l'estimation des pluies et crues extrêmes. A partir d'un jeu de données conséquent de plusieurs milliers de stations, une procédure d'inter-comparaison a permis d'évaluer les performances d'une trentaine d'implémentations différentes issues de différentes combinaisons (modèle probabiliste, méthode d'estimation, cadre local / régional / mixte local et régional). Le projet ExtraFlo a permis de mettre en évidence le manque de robustesse des approches basées sur le traitement statistique d'une série de quelques dizaines d'années d'observation. Des alternatives intéressantes existent, basées sur l'exploitation des records de pluie et de débit à l'échelle d'une région, de la collecte de données historiques quand cela est possible, de méthodes de simulation basées sur le couplage d'un générateur d'averses avec un modèle hydrologique pour la transformation des pluies en débit, ou des traces morphologiques laissées par les crues anciennes.
ISSN: 0018-6368

hal-01054313
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01054313
DOI : 10.1051/1hb/2014010

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : During the SEDIFAN 1 cruise we surveyed the bathymetry and the acoustic properties of the surface sediment of the Celtic Deep Sea Fan. We also collected Kullenberg cores in order to study recent sedimentary processes. From the bathymetry survey it is relatively easy to recognize the main areas of modern fan. The upper fan included a large sedimentary ridge which constitutes the right levee of the prominent meandering Whittard valley. After its confluence with the Shamrock valley the course of the Whittard valley is abruptly deflected to the south. At a short distance to the south the valley divides into two upper-fan channels, the Celtic channel to the west being the deeper one. This point constitutes the centre of a radiating pattern which is developed on a 150 degrees quadrant and a radius of about 100 km. The acoustic imagery displays contrasted features, related to change in lithology within the first metre beneath the sea bottom and to the sea floor roughness. The Austell ridge exhibits a contrasted pattern of elongated areas with high and low acoustic backscattering levels. This pattern is related to the development of abyssal dunes, the amplitude of which is of metric order. Particularly remarkable is a lobe-shaped low back-scattering area in the western part of the middle fan, also noteworthy are a lineated facies to the west and a braided facies to the east of the fan. The laminated silty-clayey sequences deposited on the Whittard ridge and on the Trevelyan levee were deposited during the deglaciation. We interpret these as turbidity currents overflow deposits from the Whittard valley. At the end of isotopic stage 3 and during stage 2, the English Channel was a large plain flooded by the Channel River. During this period a broad delta developed at 100 m below the present-day depth and a wide spectrum of material was bound to be supplied to the deep sea and contributed particularly to the deposition of the Whittard ridge silty-clayey sequences. The stage 2 deposits are characterized by rhythmic levels enriched in monosulfides. These types of deposits are common in areas affected by fluvial discharges. Excluding the sedimentary ridge and the channel levees the surface deposits sampled with the Kullenberg corer are sandy. These sands are deposited in various contexts on the interfluve between the western and eastern channels and at channel mouths. They were emplaced during high sea level stands as a result of high energy gravity processes. The precise sources of these sands have not yet been identified, however benthic foraminifers from included ooze pebbles have living depths of between 500 and 1 000 m. The gravity processes which eroded this marry ooze may have been triggered on the upper slope. The Celtic shelf is presently a high energy platform where the conjunction of storms and spring tides call lead to enhanced sediment transport from near-shore to the deep sea. The relict or palimpsest deposits of the glacial delta also constitute a large reservoir of sandy material which can also be subject to reworking.
Le programme Enam 2 (European North Atlantic Margin) concerne l'étude des processus sédimentaires quaternaires du Spitzberg au golfe de Gascogne. Dans le cadre de ce programme, la reconnaissance de l'Éventail profond celtique était l'objectif de la campagne Sedifan 1 au cours de laquelle nous avons établi la morphologie de l'éventail et obtenu une image acoustique des fonds sédimentaires. La morphologie permet de mettre en évidence une organisation en éventail. On note aussi le développement remarquable d'une ride sédimentaire au niveau de l'éventail supérieur. Les sédiments prélevés révèlent la présence de dépôts sableux, témoins d'une activité récente qui pourrait être liée à l'importance de l'hydrodynamisme sur les Grands Bancs de la plate-forme celtique.
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Elsevier), 2000 , Vol. 23 , N. 1 , P. 109-116

Droits : 2000 Ifremer/CNRS/IRD/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2000/publication-525.pdf
DOI:10.1016/S0399-1784(00)00116-X
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/525/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Whereas it is well established that prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can disrupt children's behavior, early postnatal exposure has received relatively little attention in environmental epidemiology. To evaluate prenatal and postnatal exposures to PCB-153, a proxy of total PCB exposure, and their relation to inattention and activity in 5-year-old Inuits from the Cord Blood Monitoring Program. Prenatal exposure to PCBs was informed by cord plasma PCB-153 levels. We used a validated pharmacokinetic model to estimate monthly infants' levels across the first year of life. Inattention and activity were assessed by coding of video recordings of children undergoing fine motor testing. We used multivariable linear regression to evaluate the association between prenatal and postnatal PCB-153 levels and inattention (n=97) and activity (n=98) at 5years of age. Cord plasma PCB-153 was not associated with inattention and activity. Each interquartile range (IQR) increase in estimated infant PCB-153 levels at 2months was associated with a 1.02% increase in the duration of inattention (95% CI: 0.04, 2.00). Statistical adjustment for the duration of breastfeeding slightly increased regression coefficients for postnatal level estimates, some of which became statistically significant for inattention (months: 2-4) and activity (months: 2-5). Our study adds to the growing evidence of postnatal windows of development during which children are more susceptible to neurotoxicants like PCBs.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01134338
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01134338
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2015.02.004
PUBMED : 25796081

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND:Fever in infants younger than 3 months is generally a cause for concern because of the risk for a serious bacterial infection. The aim of this study was to describe clinical and biological features of Chikungunya infection in infants < 3 months of age hospitalized in Cayenne Hospital during the 2014-2015 outbreak.METHODS:We performed a preliminary retrospective study followed by a prospective study from March 2014 to February 2015. All infants younger than 3 months presenting with fever and hospitalized in Cayenne Hospital were included. The main diagnostic criteria were fever and positive Chikungunya PCR.RESULTS:One hundred and twenty infants were hospitalized with fever. The mean age was 46 days (SD± 22 days). The mean hospitalization duration was 7.4 days (SD± 6.1 days). Chikungunya infection was diagnosed in 26 children. The most important clinical findings were high (80.8% [77.5-84]) and prolonged fever (76.9%, [73.4-80.4]), irritability (96.2% [94.5-97.7]) and skin rash. (69.2%, [65.4-73]). Half of the infants presented edema of the extremities (hands and feet principally). However, in 15 %, Chikungunya infection was associated with a serious bacterial infection. Infants who presented with irritability, high fever and elevated PCT were at high risk for Chikungunya: OR 39, [9.2-243] (p < 0.001), with a specificity of 96.7 % and a negative predictive value of 89.4%. The area of the ROC curve was 0.96 CONCLUSIONS:: Our results confirm that Chikunguyna infection is a cause of high fever in infants younger than 3 months. Our data should be confirmed by larger studies.
ISSN: 0891-3668

inserm-01476019
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01476019
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01476019/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01476019/file/2017%2C%20Elenga%20-%20Chikungunya%20Infection%20in%20hospitalized%20febrile%20infants.pdf
DOI : 10.1097/INF.0000000000001541

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
207e session du Comité scientifique et technique - SHF, Session 1 : Estimation de valeurs extrêmes, INSA LYON
Lyon, France

halshs-01282225
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01282225