Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Big storm events represent a major risk for populations and infrastructures settled on coastal lowlands. In the Western Mediterranean, where human societies colonized and occupied the coastal areas since the Ancient times, the variability of storm activity for the past three millennia was investigated with a multi-proxy sedimentological and geochemical study from a lagoonal sequence. Mappings of the geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility of detrital sources in the watershed of the lagoon and from the coastal barriers were undertaken in order to track the terrestrial or coastal/marine origin of sediments deposited into the lagoon. The multi-proxy analysis shows that coarser material, low magnetic susceptibility, and high strontium content characterize the sedimentological signature of the paleostorm levels identified in the lagoonal sequence. A comparison with North Atlantic and Western Mediterranean paleoclimate proxies shows that the phases of high storm activity occurred during cold periods, suggesting a climatically-controlled mechanism for the occurrence of these storm periods. Besides, an in-phase storm activity pattern is found between the Western Mediterranean and Northern Europe. Spectral analyses performed on the Sr content revealed a new 270-year solar-driven pattern of storm cyclicity. For the last 3000 years, this 270-year cycle defines a succession of ten major storm periods (SP) with a mean duration of 96 ± 54 yr. Periods of higher storm activity are recorded from >680 to 560 cal yr BC (SP10, end of the Iron Age Cold Period), from 140 to 820 cal yr AD (SP7 to SP5) with a climax of storminess between 400 and 800 cal yr AD (Dark Ages Cold Period), and from 1230 to >1800 cal yr AD (SP3 to SP1, Little Ice Age). Periods of low storm activity occurred from 560 cal yr BC to 140 cal yr AD (SP9 and SP8, Roman Warm Period) and from 820 to 1230 cal yr AD (SP4, Medieval Warm Period).
ISSN: 0277-3791

hal-01277796
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01277796
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Présentation orale
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Copenhague, Denmark

hal-00481851
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00481851

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Mémorial ACTe Editions
Résumé : International audience
L'esclavage et la Traite Négrière dans la Caraibe et le Monde

hal-01613637
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01613637

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD EDP Sciences
Résumé : International audience
This paper presents a paleo-hydrological study conducted on sediment flood deposits at two sites located in the Gardon Gorges, Southeast France. The first study site is a valley‑side terrace (referred to as site GE, located 10m above the channel bed) and the second is located in a cave (referred to as site GG, perched 15m above the bed level). Paleo‑flood events were identified by carefully analyzing each slackwater flood deposits. The flood units were then dated using a variety of dating techniques, namely 137Cs, 210Pbex, 14C geochemical analysis of mining‑contaminated slackwater flood sediments, archeological objects and the historic flood record. Hydraulic modeling was also carried out in order to verify the coherence between the stratigraphic records of flood deposits at the sites and the historic flood levels known along the river Gardon. It is demonstrated that all the major flood events of the 20th century can be identified at terrace GE. This type of geomorphological unit can therefore be used as a sound basis for a paleo-hydrological analysis of the Gardon Gorges. Furthermore, the analysis of the stratigraphic record at site GG demonstrates that the site can be used to trace the largest flood events that have occurred within the past 600 years. The study reveals that the frequency of extreme flood events increased during the Little Ice Age
Une étude paléo-hydrologique a été entreprise dans les Gorges du Gardon, où deux coupes sédimentaires ont été étudiées. La première provient d'une terrasse (coupe GE située à 10 m de hauteur au dessus de la rivière) et l'autre, d'une cavité (coupe GG localisée à 15 m au-dessus de la rivière). L'identification et la mise en évidence des différents paléo-événements de crue ont été établies grâce à l'inspection minutieuse de chaque dépôt sédimentaire et d'une étude géochronologique fine (137Cs, 210Pbex, 14C, métaux traces, objets archéologiques, historiques des crues). Nous avons souhaité évaluer la capacité des terrasses fluviatiles du Gardon à enregistrer des paléo-événements en comparant les coupes sédimentaires aux données historiques des hauteurs d'eau et aux résultats d'un modèle hydraulique 1D. Nous montrons que la terrasse GE enregistre la quasi-totalité des évènements du 20ème siècle et qu'à priori, ce type d'objet géomorphologique peut être utilisé pour toute étude paléo-hydrologique sur le Gardon. De plus, l'étude de la coupe GG (cavité perchée à 15 m) permet de reconstituer les évènements intenses au cours des 600 dernières années. Nous montrons une augmentation des crues extrêmes dans le Haut-Languedoc au cours du "Petit âge glaciaire".
ISSN: 0018-6368

hal-01108400
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01108400
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01108400/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01108400/file/ly2014-pub00041935.pdf
DOI : 10.1051/lhb/2014037

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Chemical Society
Résumé : 8 pages
International audience
In the protected area of the Cévennes National Park (Southern France), 114 wild brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) were captured at six locations affected to different extents by historical mining and metallurgy dating from the Iron Age to Modern Times. Cadmium and lead in trout livers and muscles reflect high sediment contamination, although an age-related effect was also detected for hepatic metal concentrations. Lead isotope signatures confirm exposure to drainage from mining and metallurgical waste. Developmental instability, assessed by fluctuating asymmetry, is significantly correlated with cadmium and lead concentrations in trout tissues, suggesting that local contamination may have affected fish development. Nowadays, the area is among the least industrialized in France. However, our results show that 60% of the specimens at one site exceed EU maximum allowed cadmium or lead concentration in foodstuffs. The mining heritage should not be neglected when establishing strategies for long-term environmental management.
ISSN: 0013-936X

hal-00621255
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00621255
DOI : 10.1021/es200755n
PUBMED : 21739978

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Présentation orale
Recherches sur les Paléoenvironnements arméniens Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée (MOM)
Lyon, France

hal-00481907
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00481907

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0049-6979

halshs-00681736
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00681736

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Two peat sequences were sampled in the vicinity of the main mining districts of the Vosges Mountains: Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines and Plancher-les-Mines. Lead isotopic compositions and excess lead fluxes were calculated for each of these radiocarbon-dated sequences. Geochemical records are in very good agreement with the mining history of the area, well known over the last millennium. Except for an anomaly corresponding to the Middle Bronze Age which has not yet been resolved, there is no clear geochemical evidence of local metal production in the Vosges before the 10th century as excess lead deposition archived between 500 BC and 500 AD is attributed to long-range transport of polluted particulate matter. The approach described here can be applied to other mining districts where archaeological evidence is scarce or even lacking, but where past exploitation is suspected.
ISSN: 0375-6742

hal-00512409
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00512409
DOI : 10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.05.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Understanding long-term variability in the frequency of intense storm activity is important for assessing whether changes are controlled by climate evolution. Understanding this variability is also important for predicting present and future community vulnerability and economic loss. Our ability to make these assessments has been limited by the short (less than 50 years) instrument record of storm activity. Storm-induced deposits preserved in the sediments of coastal lagoons offer the opportunity to study the links between climatic conditions and storm activity on longer timescales. In this study, we present a record of these extreme climatic events that have occurred in the French Mediterrannean coast over the past 1500 years. The identification of these extreme events is based on the analysis of sediment cores from Gulf of Aigues-Mortes lagoons that contain a specific sedimentary and geochemical signature associated with intense storms.;Overwash deposits do not show any evidence of intense storm landfalls in the region for several hundred years prior to the late 17th century A.D. The apparent increase in intense storms around 250 years ago occurs during the latter half of the Little Ice Age, a time of lower continental surface temperatures. Comparison of the sediment record with palaeoclimate records indicates that this variability was probably modulated by atmospheric dynamics. The apparent increase of the superstorm activity during the latter half of the Little Ice Age was probably due to the thermal gradient increase leading to enhanced lower tropospheric baroclinicity over a large Central Atlantic/European domain and leading to a modification of the occurrence of extreme wind events along the French Mediterranean coast. A complete understanding of the relationship between climate fluctuations, storm activity, and the coastal response will be crucial to predicting the impacts of future climate change.
ISSN: 0031-0182

hal-00617525
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00617525
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.11.009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
La Montagne Pelée doit lʼessentiel de sa renommée à la nuée ardente du 8 mai 1902 qui détruisit la ville de Saint-Pierre. Cependant, bien avant cette date ses éruptions avaient joué un rôle important dans la vie des premiers martiniquais. Face à cette réalité, il ne nous paraissait pas convenable dʼentreprendre lʼétude du peuplement amérindien de lʼîle sans prendre en compte la dimension volcanique. Ainsi, différents chercheurs du GDR 1122 du CNRS « Hommes et Volcans avant lʼHistoire » sont associés au projet collectif de recherche « Le Néolithique martiniquais dans son contexte antillais ». Les résultats que nous présentons ici sʼappuient sur lʼanalyse de cinq sites amérindiens situés sur les pourtours de la Montagne Pelée où les travaux de terrain ont permis de mettre au jour une intéressante interstratification des niveaux dʼoccupation précolombiens et des couches éruptives. Lʼétude que nous avons menée sʼarticule autour de deux objectifs principaux : - premièrement, nous avons cherché à distinguer et à caler chronologiquement les différents épisodes volcaniques contemporains de lʼoccupation précolombienne de lʼîle, - deuxièmement, nous tenté de percevoir lʼinfluence de ces phénomènes volcaniques sur les populations amérindiennes. Les résultats obtenus permettent de mieux concevoir la dynamique et la chronologie du peuplement précolombien de la Martinique.
Actes du XIXéme Congrès international d'Archéologie de la Caraïbe,AIAC, Publication of the Museo Archeologico Arube vol. 9,The Government of Aruba, Volume II

halshs-00442761
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00442761

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer International Publishing
Résumé : International audience
Understanding the formation processes of maritime archaeological sites and the maritime landscape in the French West Indies is a new challenge in underwater archaeology. This chapter presents an analysis of formation and conservation processes of maritime archaeological sites in Guadeloupe using evidence from both historical and archaeological research. Formation parameters include contemporary events associated with maritime loss and the in situ geophysical regime. Questions considered include: what natural and/or anthropogenic parameters best classify maritime sites in the context of the French West Indies landscape? And: how do these parameters vary by site location? Field-tested case studies are used to assess the archaeological potential for submerged shipwreck sites for three locational typologies within the landscape: submerged, coastal, and micro-island. Geomorphic parameters, including erosion, sea level evolution, and tectonic activity, are evaluated with regard to the formation of coastal Amerindian and colonial sites. The location of shipwrecks are primarily determined by historic patterns in commercial trade and by topographical constraints associated with accessibility, risk, and the presence of natural harbors, parameters important in the Caribbean. A unique feature of Guadeloupe is the high variability of the structure of the coastline through time. The recent discovery of numerous underwater prehistoric artifacts confirms that several islands, coastal areas, and their archaeological sites have been completely submerged or eroded since their formation. The characterization of these formation processes provides both academically interesting and practical information valuable in assessing the impact of development and urbanization in Guadeloupe’s maritime landscape.
Formation Processes of Maritime Archaeological Landscapes

hal-01448703
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01448703

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Présentation orale
4ème ILIC (International Limnogeology Congress)
Barcelone, Spain

hal-00481903
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00481903

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Finding records of past catastrophic storm events is essential to evaluate the long term climatic evolution in a given coastal area. This question has been addressed by the study of sediment cores sampled in a small coastal lagoon of the French Mediterranean coast (Pierre Blanche lagoon). Two cores were studied in detail and revealed the presence of three main storm events. The sedimentation rates calculated using the CFCS Pb-210 model, in agreement with Cs-137 data, are 3 +/- 0.4 and 4.2 +/- 0.7 mm y(-1) near the border and in the center of the lagoon respectively. This suggests that the 0.6 m deep lagoon could be filled with sediments over the next 150 yr. Our study shows that storm events can be characterized in sedimentary sequences identified by facies, grain size and faunal assemblages (lagoonal and marine species). Comparison of Pb-210, C-14 chronology and historical accounts suggest that the three identified storm events took place in 1742, 1839 and 1893 A.D. (i.e. about one catastrophic event per century).
ISSN: 0025-3227

hal-00411189
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00411189
DOI : 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.03.001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The morphogenetic evolution of the Lesser Caucasus has been strongly influenced by Plio-Quaternary volcanic and tectonic events and Pleistocene glaciations. Fluvio-lacustrine environments, indicated by diatomaceous deposits, prevailed in the Syunik region of southern Armenia during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The Pleistocene diatomaceous deposits studied contain leaf impressions and pollen, allowing local palaeoclimatic reconstructions. The chronology of morphogenetic events has been determined by 17 radiometric dates (K/Ar, Ar/Ar, U/Th), palaeomagnetic investigations and is placed in a spatial context by a detailed geomorphological map and a 24-km geological transect of the Vorotan valley, the main area studied. Before 1.21 Ma, tectonic movements (antecedents of the lower part of the Vorotan valley) generated extensive lake formations with diatomaceous deposits. From 993 ka, volcanic eruptions produced lava flows that covered the fluvio-lacustrine accumulations. During Marine Isotopic Stages 12, 6 and 4, glaciers and fluvio-glacial deposits were probably present overall the principal uplands and valleys of southern Armenia. At 53.68 ka (MIS 3), 12.6 ka, 10.78 ka and 4.14 ka (MIS 1), the development of travertines on some slopes and in some valleys highlights temperate and humid climatic phases. Palaeobotanical studies of leaf and pollen floras show that the vegetation changed several times from forested to steppic phases in response to the climate oscillations of the Lower Pleistocene. This work proposes a first morphogenic and palaeoclimatic reconstruction from the lower Pleistocene to the Postglacial period, when the first settlements of the population in the Lesser Caucasus were influenced by tectono-volcanic events, lake level changes and glacialeinterglacial oscillations forced by the obliquity orbital parameter (41 ky cycles).
ISSN: 1040-6182

hal-00481939
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00481939
DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.02.008

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Présentation orale
4ème ILIC (International Limnogeology Congress)
Barcelone, Spain

hal-00481901
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00481901

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD World Scientific Publishing
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0218-0014

hal-00605233
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00605233

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union
Résumé : International audience
The North Tehran Fault (NTF) is located at the southernmost piedmont of Central Alborz and crosses the northern suburbs of the Tehran metropolis and adjacent cities, where ∼15 million people live. Extending over a length of about 110 km, the NTF stands out as a major active fault and represents an important seismic hazard for the Iranian capital after historical seismicity. In order to characterize the activity of the NTF in terms of kinematics, magnitude and recurrence intervals of earthquakes, we carried out a first paleoseismological study of the fault within its central part between Tehran and Karaj cities. We opened a trench across a 3 m-high fault scarp affecting Quaternary deposits. Our study shows that the scarp is the result of repeated events along a main N115°E trending shallow dipping thrust fault, associated with secondary ruptures. From the trench analysis and Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) dating of fault-related sediments, we interpreted between 6 and 7 surface-rupturing events that occurred during the past 30 kyrs. Their magnitudes (estimated from the displacements along the faults) are comprised between 6.1 and 7.2. The two last events - the largest - occurred during the past 7.9 ± 1.2 ka, which yields a Holocene slip rate of ∼0.3 mm/yr. The 7 earthquakes scenario suggests a regular periodicity with a mean recurrence interval of ∼3.8 kyrs. However, the two most recent events could correspond to the two largest historical earthquakes recorded in the area (in 312-280 B.C. and 1177 A.D.), and therefore suggest that the NTF activity is not regular.
ISSN: 0148-0227

hal-00757568
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00757568
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00757568v2/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00757568/file/ritz2012.pdf
DOI : 10.1029/2012JB009147

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2002)
Rochester, United States

hal-00605240
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00605240

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This article describes the educational ideologies observed between 2010 and 2015 among the Wayana-Apalaï – an indigenous community living in the French Guiana rainforest - and their influence on local educational styles, training priorities and strategies of social success. The results of our fieldwork show that the dynamics of national and global integration have succeeded in transforming local educational ideologies - especially those linked to the Amazon ecosystem - by introducing new criteria of success and assigning a leading educative role to formal schooling.
En este texto, se describen los caracteres propios a la ideología educativas de los Wayana-Apalaï, una comunidad indígena que vive en el sector amazónico de la Guayana francesa, así como los estilos educativos, las prioridades de formación y las representaciones sociales del éxito que caracterizan a esta comunidad. Los resultados de las observaciones realizadas entre 2010 y 2015 en el marco de esta investigación muestran que las dinámicas de integración nacional y global están logrando transformar las ideologías educativas locales – y, sobre todo, los aspectos más vinculados con el ecosistema amazónico-mediante la introducción de nuevos criterios de éxito y asignando un papel protagónico a la educación escolar.
Revista Kavilando

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01587174
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01587174
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01587174/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01587174/file/ALI%2C%20M.%20et%20AILINCAI%2C%20R.%20%282017%29.%20La%20ideolog%C3%ADa%20educativa%20de%20los%20Wayana-Apala%C3%AF%20de%20la%20Guyana%20francesa.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD National Academy of Sciences
Résumé : International audience
Stem cells are pivotal for development and tissue homeostasis of multicellular animals, and the quest for a gene toolkit associated with the emergence of stem cells in a common ancestor of all metazoans remains a major challenge for evolutionary biology. We reconstructed the conserved gene repertoire of animal stem cells by transcriptomic profiling of totipotent archeocytes in the demosponge Ephydatia fluviatilis and by tracing shared molecular signatures with flatworm and Hydra stem cells. Phylostratigraphy analyses indicated that most of these stem-cell genes predate animal origin, with only few metazoan innovations, notably including several partners of the Piwi machinery known to promote genome stability. The ancestral stem-cell transcriptome is strikingly poor in transcription factors. Instead, it is rich in RNA regulatory actors, including components of the ``germ-line multipotency program'' and many RNA-binding proteins known as critical regulators of mammalian embryonic stem cells.
ISSN: 0027-8424

hal-01544480
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01544480
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1514789112