Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Acromyrmex octospinosus (Reich), est une fourmi champignonniste qui vit dans un nid souterrain en symbiose avec un champignon du genre Leucoagrinus. Elle est la seule espèce du genre Acromyrmex recensée en Guadeloupe et est appelée " Fourmi manioc". C'est une espèce invasive; découverte en 1954, dans une seule localité, elle est présente dans presque toute la totalité de l'île. Fourmi défoliatrice, elle s'attaque à de nombreuses cultures (vivrières, fruitières,....) et actuellement, elle représente un danger pour certaines espèces patrimoniales et des essences forestières. L'objectif du projet est de proposer des solutions de lutte efficaces mais respectueuses de la santé et de l'environnement et qui s'intègrent dans un schéma de développent durable de la Guadeloupe.
UIEIS-SF

hal-00684225
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00684225

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD l'Harmattan
Résumé : International audience
La médiatisation du thème identitaire joue un rôle central dans la discussion sur les constructions d'un « nous » et des « eux » des sociétés contemporaines. C'est une voie privilégiée par les acteurs de la vie publique afin de débattre du sujet en dehors des cercles militants et sympathisants. Elle pourrait constituer un moment durant lequel se fait le travail sur les représentations collectives de l'identité. Le traitement médiatique de cette question n'exclut pas l'existence de représentations préalables (sociales, culturelles, professionnelles) présidant à la production d'un événement dans le discours journalistique ; il n'écarte pas l'usage de procédés techniques servant les mises en scène de l'actualité. Que l'on s'intéresse à l'affirmation identitaire nationale ou bien à la revendication identitaire minoritaire, c'est l'instrumentalisation d'une identification à un lieu, à une histoire, à un être collectif qui pose problème. Le phénomène prend la forme d'un « usage sclérosant de la mémoire », d'une « auto-image adossée à des marqueurs culturels fossilisés » et d'une « dichotomie primaire de l'espace social » (DARRE 1996 : 138). On considère ici ces éléments comme des stéréotypes puisque chacun d'eux relève à la fois, d'un processus de catégorisation et de généralisation favorisant une vision schématique et déformée de l'autre d'une part, et, d'autre part, d'un processus de rupture d'avec la sensation pure permettant la compréhension et l'action sur la vie en société (AMOSSY, HERSCHBERG PIERROT 1997) 1. Le succès des usages sociaux des stéréotypes permet-il d'avancer la nécessité pour les médias eux-mêmes d'y recourir ? Que deviennent les stéréotypes identitaires proposés par tout ou partie d'un ensemble social, dès lors qu'ils sont « travaillés » par les pratiques professionnelles des journalistes ? Comment les stéréotypes s'invitent-ils et/ou sont-ils convoqués dans l'actualité médiatique ?
Stéréotypage, stéréotypes : fonctionnements ordinaires et mises en scène
Montpellier, France

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01152983
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01152983
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01152983/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01152983/file/Stereotypage_et_identites.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In vitro susceptibility of 933 Candida isolates, from 16 French hospitals, to micafungin was determined using the Etest in each center. All isolates were then sent to a single center for determination of MICs by the EUCAST reference method. Overall essential agreement between the two tests was 98.5% at ±2 log2 dilutions and 90.2% at ±1 log2 dilutions. Categorical agreement was 98.2%. The Etest is a valuable alternative to EUCAST for the routine determination of micafungin MICs in medical mycology laboratories. Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

hal-01367142
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01367142
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01367142/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01367142/file/Multicenter%20comparison%20of%20the%20Etest.pdf
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.00630-16

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Composite materials incorporating vegetable fibres have known an increasingly interest during the past few decades. These environmental friendly materials are low-cost and offer advantages such as reduction of electrical consumption by air conditioning. Moreover, the use of vegetable fibres in replacement of synthetic fibre is interesting in developing countries where the availability of tropical plants and agricultural waste is important. This paper presents an initial investigation on the use of a construction material, composed of cement and pre-treated (heat or alkaline treatments) sugar cane bagasse fibres. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of fibre content and treatment on thermal conductivity, specific heat, flexural strength and density. The addition of retified fibres reduces composites thermal conductivity and yields a weaker specific heat in comparison with composites made with alkaline fibres. From mechanical point of view, composites made with alkaline fibres have a better flexural strength than others.
12th International Inorganic-bonded Fiber Composites Conference
Aalborg, Denmark

hal-00807543
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00807543

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Mapping forest aboveground biomass (AGB) has become an important task, particularly for the reporting of carbon stocks and changes. AGB can be mapped using synthetic aperture radar data (SAR) or passive optical data. However, these data are insensitive to high AGB levels (>150 Mg/ha, and >300 Mg/ha for P-band), which are commonly found in tropical forests. Studies have mapped the rough variations in AGB by combining optical and environmental data at regional and global scales. Nevertheless, these maps cannot represent local variations in AGB in tropical forests. In this paper, we hypothesize that the problem of misrepresenting local variations in AGB and AGB estimation with good precision occurs because of both methodological limits (signal saturation or dilution bias) and a lack of adequate calibration data in this range of AGB values. We test this hypothesis by developing a calibrated regression model to predict variations in high AGB values (mean >300 Mg/ha) in French Guiana by a methodological approach for spatial extrapolation with data from the optical geoscience laser altimeter system (GLAS), forest inventories, radar, optics, and environmental variables for spatial inter-and extrapolation. Given their higher point count, GLAS data allow a wider coverage of AGB values. We find that the metrics from GLAS footprints are correlated with field AGB estimations (R 2 =0.54, RMSE=48.3 Mg/ha) with no bias for high values. First, predictive models, including remote-sensing, environmental variables and spatial correlation functions, allow us to obtain "wall-to-wall" AGB maps over French Guiana with an RMSE for the in situ AGB estimates of ~51 Mg/ha and R²=0.48 at a 1-km grid size. We conclude that a calibrated regression model based on GLAS with dependent environmental data can produce good AGB predictions even for high AGB values if the calibration data fit the AGB range. We also demonstrate that small temporal and spatial mismatches between field data and GLAS footprints are not a problem for regional and global calibrated regression models because field data aim to predict large and deep tendencies in AGB variations from environmental gradients and do not aim to represent high but stochastic and temporally limited variations from forest dynamics. Thus, we advocate including a greater variety of data, even if less precise and shifted, to better represent high AGB values in global models and to improve the fitting of these models for high values.
ISSN: 0303-2434

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01381116
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01381116
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01381116/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01381116/file/Fayad2016a.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.jag.2016.07.015

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD University of Minho
Résumé : International audience
13th International Congress on Polymers in Concrete
Madeira, Portugal

hal-00807961
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00807961

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society of Hematology
Résumé : International audience
Sickle cell disease is characterized by painful vaso-occlusive crises during which abnormal interactions between erythroid adhesion molecules and vessel-wall proteins are thought to play a critical role. Hydroxyurea, the only drug with proven benefit in sickle cell disease, diminishes these interactions, but its mechanism of action is not fully understood. We report that, under hydroxyurea, expression of the unique erythroid laminin receptor Lu/BCAM was increased, but red blood cell adhesion to laminin decreased. Because Lu/BCAM phosphorylation is known to activate cell adhesion to laminin, it was evaluated and found to be dramatically lower in hydroxyurea-treated patients. Analysis of the protein kinase A pathway showed decreased intracellular levels of the upstream effector cyclic adenosine monophosphate during hydroxyurea treatment. Using a cellular model expressing recombinant Lu/BCAM, we showed that hydroxyurea led to decreased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and diminished Lu/BCAM phosphorylation and cell adhesion. We provide evidence that hydroxyurea could reduce abnormal sickle red blood cell adhesion to the vascular wall by regulating the activation state of adhesion molecules independently of their expression level.
ISSN: 0006-4971

inserm-00821117
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00821117
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00821117/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00821117/file/Bartolucci_Blood_2010.pdf
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2009-12-257444

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : International audience
Background. Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression. Method. We identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individual-level data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using random-effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published study protocol. Results. We included six published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914 incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221 individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published [relative risk (RR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.13] and unpublished datasets (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.94-1.65), but attenuated on adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.32). Conclusions. Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future intervention studies should test whether job strain is a modifiable risk factor for depression.
ISSN: 0033-2917

hal-01560152
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560152
DOI : 10.1017/S003329171600355X
PUBMED : 28122650

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Congrès de la Société Française de Mycologie Médicale
Poitiers, France

hal-00676567
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00676567