Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
South-east Iran is the site of a rare case of young transition between subduction and collision. We synthesized recent results in geodesy, tectonics, seismology and magnetism to understand the structure and kinematics of the Zagros-Makran transition. Surface observations (tectonics, magnetism and geodesy) draw a transpressive discontinuity consisting of several faults striking obliquely to the convergent plate motion, whereas deeper observations (seismology) support a smooth transition across the fault system. No lithospheric transform fault has been created, even though the transition already behaves like a major boundary in terms of tectonic style, seismic structure, lithology and magnetism. The Zendan-Minab-Palami fault system consists of several faults that accommodate a transpressive tectonic regime. It is the surface expression of a southward propagation of the N-trending right-lateral strike-slip fault system of Jiroft-Sabzevaran. Within each system the numerous faults will coalesce into a single, lithospheric, wrench fault.
ISSN: 0375-6440

hal-00356532
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00356532
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00356532/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00356532/file/Regard_MinabSynthese_revised_AvecFigs.pdf
DOI : 10.1144/SP330.4

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : International audience
Upper Triassic volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Mamonia Complex in southwestern Cyprus are exposed in erosional windows through the post-Cretaceous cover, where the Mamonia Complex is tectonically imbricated with the Troodos and Akamas ophiolitic suites. Most of these Upper Triassic volcanic rocks have been considered to represent remnants of Triassic oceanic crust and its associated seamounts. New Nd and Pb isotopic data show that the whole Mamonia volcanic suite exhibits features of oceanic island basalts (OIB). Four rock types have been distinguished on the basis of the petrology and chemistry of the rocks. Volcanism began with the eruption of depleted olivine tholeiites (Type 1) and oceanic island tholeiites (Type 2) associated with deep basin siliceous and/or calcareous sediments. The tholeiites were followed by highly phyric alkali basalts (Type 3) interbedded with pelagic Halobia-bearing limestones or white reefal limestones. Strongly LREE-enriched trachytes (Type 4) were emplaced during the final stage of volcanic activity. Nd and Pb isotopic ratios suggest that tholeiites and mildly alkali basalts derived from partial melting of heterogeneous enriched mantle sources. Fractional crystallization alone cannot account for the derivation of trachytes from alkaline basalts. The trachytes could have been derived from the partial melting at depth of mafic material which shares with the alkali basalts similar trace element and isotopic compositions. This is corroborated by the rather similar isotopic compositions of the alkali basalts and trachytes. The correlations observed between incompatible elements (Nb, Th) and {varepsilon}Nd and Pb isotopic initial ratios suggest that the Mamonia suite was derived from the mixing of a depleted mantle (DMM) and an enriched component of High µ (µ = 238U/204Pb, HIMU) type. Models using both Nd and Pb isotopic initial ratios suggest that the depleted tholeiites (Type 1) derived from a DMM source contaminated by an Enriched Mantle Type 2 component (EM2), and that the oceanic tholeiites (Type 2), alkali basalts (Type 3) and trachytes (Type 4) were derived from the mixing of the enriched mantle source of the depleted tholeiites with a HIMU component. None of the Mamonia volcanic rocks show evidence of crustal contamination. The Upper Triassic within-plate volcanism likely erupted in a small southerly Neotethyan basin, located north of the Eratosthenes seamount and likely floored by oceanic crust.
ISSN: 0016-7568

insu-00353657
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00353657
DOI : 10.1017/S0016756806002937

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union
Résumé : International audience
Past earthquake slips on faults are commonly determined by measuring morphological offsets at current ground surface. Because those offsets might not always be well preserved, we examine whether the first 10 m below ground surface contains relevant information to complement them. We focus on the Te Marua site, New Zealand, where 11 alluvial terraces have been dextrally offset by the Wellington fault. We investigated the site using pseudo-3D Ground Penetrating Radar and also produced a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the zone to constrain the surface slip record. The GPR data reveal additional information: (1) they image the 3D stratigraphic architecture of the seven youngest terraces and show that they are strath terraces carved into graywacke bedrock. Each strath surface is overlain by 3-5 m of horizontally bedded gravel sheets, including two pronounced and traceable reflectors; (2) thanks to the multilayer architecture, terrace risers and channels are imaged at three depths and their lateral offsets can be measured three to four times, constraining respective offsets and their uncertainties more reliably; and (3) the offsets are better preserved in the subsurface than at the ground surface, likely due to subsequent erosion-deposition on the latter. From surface and subsurface data, we infer that Te Marua has recorded six cumulative offsets of 2.9, 7.6, 18, 23.2, 26, and 31 m (± 1-2 m). Large earthquakes on southern Wellington fault might produce 3-5 m of slip, slightly less than previously proposed. Pseudo-3D GPR thus provides a novel paleoseismological tool to complement and refine surface investigations
ISSN: 2169-9313

hal-00873350
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00873350
DOI : 10.1002/jgrb.50317

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Epidemiology
Séoul, South Korea

hal-01118592
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118592
DOI : 10.1097/01.ede.0000392058.70591.a3

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Syn-orogenic detachments in accretionary wedges make the exhumation of high-pressure and low-temperature metamorphic rocks possible with little erosion. The velocity of exhumation within the subduction channel or the accretionary complex, and thus the shape of P-T paths, depend upon the kinematic boundary conditions. A component of slab retreat tends to open the channel and facilitates the exhumation. We document the effect of slab retreat on the shape of P-T paths using the example of the Phyllite-Quartzite Nappe that has been exhumed below the Cretan syn-orogenic detachment during the Miocene in Crete and the Peloponnese. Data show a clear tendency toward colder conditions at peak pressure and during exhumation where the intensity of slab retreat is larger. This spatial evolution of P-T gradient is accompanied with an evolution from a partly coaxial regime below the Peloponnese section of the detachment toward a clearly non-coaxial regime in Crete.
ISSN: 0040-1951

insu-00411771
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00411771
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00411771/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00411771/file/Jolivet-Tectonophysics-2010.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.10.002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : National audience
Nous passons en revue la littérature épidémiologique concernant les effets de l’exposition aux contaminants environnementaux sur l’issue de la grossesse. Les effets des expositions intra-utérines sur la santé de l’enfant ne sont pas considérés. Le niveau de preuve le plus élevé concerne le tabagisme passif (effet sur la croissance fœtale), le plomb (hypertension gravidique, mortalité intra-utérine, croissance fœtale), certains polychlorobiphényles (PCB, sur le poids de naissance), et, moins nettement, les polluants atmosphériques (effet sur la croissance fœtale, voire le risque de naissance prématurée). Pour les autres substances, notamment celles peu persistantes dans l’organisme, la littérature est limitée en termes d’estimation des expositions et n’apporte pas d’éléments clairs. En conclusion, la mise en place, généralement assez récente, de cohortes de femmes enceintes avec dosage de biomarqueurs d’exposition, a permis la publication d’un nombre important d’études ; cette littérature suggère un effet de contaminants chimiques persistants dans l’organisme. Concernant les polluants peu persistants (à l’exception de la pollution atmosphérique), la littérature ne fournit pas d’élément définitif sur un effet durant la grossesse ; le recours à des prélèvements biologiques prospectifs répétés pour caractériser les expositions aiderait à lever ces incertitudes.
ISSN: 0368-2315

hal-01118522
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118522
DOI : 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.02.012
PUBMED : 23764229

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Météo et Climat
Résumé : International audience
Les risques hydrométéorologiques sont au coeur du programme de recherche HyMeX sur le cycle de l'eau en Méditerranée. HyMeX a pour ambition d'améliorer leur prévision, de mieux connaître leur variabilité à l'échelle pluriannuelle et de renseigner sur leur évolution, dans le contexte du changement climatique. À cette fin, deux campagnes de mesures dédiées à ces événements extrêmes (SOP1 : pluies intenses et crues rapides ; SOP2 : vents forts et formation d'eaux denses) sont organisées en Méditerranée nord-occidentale, entre septembre 2012 et mars 2013.
ISSN: 0026-1181

hal-00829760
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00829760
DOI : 10.4267/2042/48793

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer
Résumé : International audience
Thiswork examines the relevance of the inclusion of ground-based gravity data in the calibration process of a global rainfall-discharge reservoir model. The analysis is performed for the Durzon karst system (Larzac, France). The first part of the study focuses on the hydrological interpretation of the ground-based gravity measurements. The second part of the study investigates further the information content of the gravity data with respect to water storage dynamics modelling.The gravity-derived information is found unable to either reduce equifinality of the single-objective, dischargebased model calibration process or enhance model performance through assimilation.
ISSN: 1866-6280

hal-00812624
https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00812624
DOI : 10.1007/s12665-012-1856-z

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Ocean island basalts (OIB) from the Comores archipelago (Indian Ocean) display mineralogical and geochemical features different from the other Indian OIB. We present here new geochronological data (40Ar/39Ar), major and trace element compositions and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb) ratios of silica-undersaturated alkaline rocks from Mayotte, the oldest island of the Comores. Two trends are defined using major element composition: (1) a highly silica-undersaturated trend which includes basanites, (melilite-bearing) nephelinites, intermediate lavas and phonolites from the southern part of the island and (2) a moderately silica-undersaturated trend which is mainly represented by alkali basalts, basanites, intermediate lavas and phonolites from the northern part of the island. Both trends could be explained, to some extent, by variable degrees of partial melting. Normative larnite-bearing olivine melilitites and nephelinites exhibit, in addition to their high silica-undersaturation, elevated concentrations in CaO (>12wt.%) and P2O5 (up to 1.35wt.%). These exceptional rocks would result from low degree deep partial melting of a CO2-metasomatized source in the presence of carbonate (probably dolomite) and apatite. Igneous rocks from southern and northwestern shield volcanoes are characterized by a radiogenic Pb composition, revealing the existence of a HIMU (high μ=238U/204Pb) component in their source. Its influence decreases from the main building stage (>10.6-~3.0Ma) to the post-shield stage for the benefit of a depleted MORB-mantle (DMM) component, especially in the north central rocks. This feature would reflect increasing melting degrees of the depleted dominant source, bearing small-scale HIMU heterogeneities progressively consumed with time. The HIMU signature might have been introduced in the Comorian lithospheric mantle by thermal erosion or delamination of a continental lithosphere during the Gondwana break-up. The other islands of the Comores archipelago (Moheli, Anjouan and "La Grille" type lavas from Grande Comore) display also a DMM-HIMU mixing trend. Only a few lavas from Grande Comore ("Karthala" type) and one sample from Mayotte show the clear EM1 contribution (87Sr/86Sr>0.7035) of the Comorian plume.
ISSN: 0024-4937

insu-01089376
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01089376
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01089376/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01089376/file/Pelleter%20et%20al%201.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.lithos.2014.09.012

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Frontiers Media
Résumé : International audience
We present high resolution observations of microstructure and texture evolution during dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of ice polycrystals deformed in the laboratory at high temperature (≈0.98Tm). Ice possesses a significant viscoplastic anisotropy that induces strong strain heterogeneities, which result in an early occurrence of DRX mechanisms. It is therefore a model material to explore these mechanisms. High resolution c-axis measurements at sample scale by optical techniques and full crystallographic orientation measurements by cryo-Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) provide a solid database for analyzing the relative impact of the macroscopic imposed stress vs. the local and internal stress fields on DRX mechanisms. Analysis of misorientation gradients in the EBSD data highlights a heterogeneous dislocation distribution, which is quantified by the Nye tensor estimation. Joint analyses of the dislocation density maps and microstructural observations highlight spatial correlation between high dislocation density sites and the onset of nucleation taking place by grain-boundary bulging, subgrain rotation or by the formation of kink-bands.
ISSN: 2296-6463

hal-01515284
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01515284
DOI : 10.3389/feart.2015.00081

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Up-to-date estimates of the health outcomes of preterm children are needed for assessing perinatal care, informing parents, making decisions about care, and providing evidence for clinical guidelines. To determine survival and neonatal morbidity of infants born from 22 through 34 completed weeks' gestation in France in 2011 and compare these outcomes with a comparable cohort in 1997. The EPIPAGE-2 study is a national, prospective, population-based cohort study conducted in all maternity and neonatal units in France in 2011. A total of 2205 births (stillbirths and live births) and terminations of pregnancy at 22 through 26 weeks' gestation, 3257 at 27 through 31 weeks, and 1234 at 32 through 34 weeks were studied. Cohort data were collected from January 1 through December 31, 1997, and from March 28 through December 31, 2011. Analyses for 1997 were run for the entire year and then separately for April to December; the rates for survival and morbidities did not differ. Data are therefore presented for the whole year in 1997 and the 8-month and 6-month periods in 2011. Survival to discharge and survival without any of the following adverse outcomes: grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity (stage 3 or higher), or necrotizing enterocolitis (stages 2-3). A total of 0.7% of infants born before 24 weeks' gestation survived to discharge: 31.2% of those born at 24 weeks, 59.1% at 25 weeks, and 75.3% at 26 weeks. Survival rates were 93.6% at 27 through 31 weeks and 98.9% at 32 through 34 weeks. Infants discharged home without severe neonatal morbidity represented 0% at 23 weeks, 11.6% at 24 weeks, 30.0% at 25 weeks, 47.5% at 26 weeks, 81.3% at 27 through 31 weeks, and 96.8% at 32 through 34 weeks. Compared with 1997, the proportion of infants surviving without severe morbidity in 2011 increased by 14.4% (P < .001) at 25 through 29 weeks and 6% (P < .001) at 30 through 31 weeks but did not change appreciably for those born at less than 25 weeks. The rates of antenatal corticosteroid use, induced preterm deliveries, cesarean deliveries, and surfactant use increased significantly in all gestational-age groups, except at 22 through 23 weeks. The substantial improvement in survival in France for newborns born at 25 through 31 weeks' gestation was accompanied by an important reduction in severe morbidity, but survival remained rare before 25 weeks. Although improvement in survival at extremely low gestational age may be possible, its effect on long-term outcomes requires further studies. The long-term results of the EPIPAGE-2 study will be informative in this regard.
ISSN: 2168-6211

hal-01258705
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-01258705
PUBMED : 25621457
DOI : 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.3351

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: A prospective study of infectious encephalitis was conducted in France in 2007. In total, 253 patients were enrolled with a proven etiological diagnosis for 52%. The cohort of surviving patients with encephalitis was assessed for sequelae and impairment 3 years after enrollment. METHODS: Patients, their family, and general practitioners (GPs) were interviewed by phone to document persisting symptoms, return to work, and past and current leisure activities, with standardized questionnaires. The IQCODE (Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly) was completed with relatives. The global outcome was determined in all patients with the Glasgow outcome scale. RESULTS: In 2010, 20 patients (10%) were unavailable for follow-up, 2 (1%) were excluded, and 18 (9%) had died since hospital discharge. Data were available for 167 survivors and 9 patients whose death was related to the encephalitis. The outcome was favorable in 108 of 176 patients (61%) (71 with complete resolution), 31 (18%) were mildly impaired, 25 (14%) were severely impaired, and 3 (1%) were in a vegetative state. The most frequent symptoms were difficulty concentrating (42%), behavioral disorders (27%), speech disorders (20%), and memory loss (19%). Fifteen of 63 patients (24%) previously employed were still unable to resume work. Long-term outcome was significantly associated with comorbid conditions, age, level of education, and the causative agent of encephalitis. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with encephalitis experienced a favorable outcome 3 years after hospital discharge. However, minor to severe disability persists in a high number of cases with consequences for everyday life. Physical and mental impairment should be evaluated in all patients with encephalitis, and neuropsychological rehabilitation implemented whenever needed.
ISSN: 1058-4838

hal-00875190
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875190
DOI : 10.1093/cid/cis226
PUBMED : 22460967

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Ocean loading effects cause 3-D displacements large enough to affect space geodesy measurements either at the subdiurnal periods or at longer time scales by the means of spurious signals. GPS measurements, in turn, could provide local improvements of the models in coastal areas if their ability to precisely monitor such rapid displacements is assessed. In this paper, we use 105 days of continuous GPS measurements collected in 2004 in the French Brittany and Cotentin region to investigate: (1) the precision achieved by the GPS analysis on measuring 3-D subdiurnal displacements and amplitude and phase of the tidal constituents, (2) the quality of the most recent ocean tide model FES2004 in such a complex coastal context. Indeed, in this area, tide amplitudes are among the largest in the world (up to 16 cm of loading displacements on the vertical component) and are believed to show strong shallow-water tides. From a state of the art GPS analysis using the scientific GAMIT software over 2-h sessions, we test two independent strategies for the realization of the reference frame. The position time series are then compared with the displacements predicted by the FES2004 model applied on an elastic Earth model. The two sets of results are consistent with each other at the same level of agreement than with the predicted displacements, namely 3–5 mm on the horizontal components, 10 mm on the vertical. This assesses the capability of this technique for measuring 3-D ocean tide loading deformation. We validate the FES2004 model in the Brittany area, even though it slightly (2–7 mm) underestimates the three components amplitudes. With a harmonic analysis of the observed position time series, we obtain nevertheless an agreement at a submillimetre level for the M2, N2, O1, Q1 tidal constituents and at a millimetre level for the K1 and S2 tidal constituents. Moreover, we can extract a significant M4 load signal at the 95 per cent confidence level from the GPS time series at the stations located in the Mont St Michel area. The detection of other shallow-water constituents would be helpful to understand the amplitude deficit between the FES2004 predicted and GPS observed displacements.
ISSN: 0956-540X

insu-00335909
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00335909
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00335909/document
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00335909/file/Vergnolle_GJI_08_revised.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03734.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Résumé : International audience
[1] This article presents (U-Th)/He thermochronological data from the Longmen Shan belt, eastern Tibet. Located between the Songpan-Garze terrane and the Yangtze craton, this mountain range is one of the steepest margins of the Tibetan Plateau and an important area for the comprehension of the mechanisms that control the dynamics of such plateau borders in terms of spatial distribution of deformation or timing of topographic building. We describe several age-elevation transects and perform forward modeling of our data to derive quantitative information on the exhumation of the range. A major phase of exhumation started at 8–11 Ma, with an average rate of $0.65 mm a À1. Comparison of zircon and apatite ages indicates that the eastern part of the range may have experienced a significant decrease in exhumation since 2–3 Ma. We use the distribution of finite exhumation across the major faults of the area to quantify their dip-slip throw rate over the last 10 Ma. The Beichuan Fault, which was activated during the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, is the major active structure of the Longmen Shan since the late Miocene, with an average thrusting slip rate between 0.4 and 1 mm a À1. Conversely, over the same time period, only minor dip-slip activity occurred on the Wenchuan Fault Zone. This distribution in space and time of exhumation and deformation is discussed and compared to the different proposed models for the geodynamical evolution of the eastern Tibetan margin. It also provides an important long-term perspective to put in context the destructive 2008 Sichuan earthquake that struck the central Longmen Shan.
ISSN: 0278-7407

hal-01577059
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01577059
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01577059/document
https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01577059/file/godard2009late.pdf
DOI : 10.1029/2008TC002407

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Cumulative human impacts have led to the degradation of marine ecosystems and thedecline of biodiversity in the European and contiguous seas. Effective conservationmeasures are urgently needed to reverse these trends. Conservation must entail societalchoices, underpinned by human values and worldviews that differ between the countriesbordering these seas. Social, economic and political heterogeneity adds to the challenge ofbalancing conservation with sustainable use of the seas. Comprehensive macro-regionalcoordination is needed to ensure effective conservation of marine ecosystems andbiodiversity of this region. Under the European Union Horizon 2020 framework programme,the MarCons COST action aims to promote collaborative research to support marinemanagement, conservation planning and policy development. This will be achieved bydeveloping novel methods and tools to close knowledge gaps and advance marineconservation science. This action will provide support for the development of macro-regional and national policies through six key actions: to develop tools to analysecumulative human impacts; to identify critical scientific and technical gaps in conservationefforts; to improve the resilience of the marine environment to global change and biologicalinvasions; to develop frameworks for integrated conservation planning across terrestrial,freshwater, and marine environments; to coordinate marine conservation policy acrossnational boundaries; and to identify effective governance approaches for marine protectedarea management. Achieving the objectives of these actions will facilitate the integration ofmarine conservation policy into macro-regional maritime spatial planning agendas for theEuropean and contiguous seas, thereby offsetting the loss of biodiversity and ecosystemservices in this region.
Research Ideas and Outcomes

hal-01474085
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01474085
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01474085/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01474085/file/RIO_article_11884.pdf
DOI : 10.3897/rio.3.e11884

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD International Phycological Society
Résumé : International audience
We studied a group of monoraphid diatom species (Bacillariophyceae, Achnanthidiaceae) found in the marine coastal environment of tropical islands of the Caribbean Sea, western Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, the Adriatic Sea and the Black Sea. Based on light and electron microscope examination, Madinithidium was formally described as a genus new to science with the generitype defined as Madinithidium undulatum. The characteristic features of the valve structure are a strongly developed sternum and raphe sternum, transapical striae formed by a single areola (macroareolae) positioned in small depressions, elevated virgae and coaxial internal central raphe endings. Furthermore, the striae of both raphe and sternum valves are closed by finely perforated hymenes. Madinithidium and Achnanthidium species are difficult to identify correctly with light microscopy since their valves are small and finely structured. Four species recently described from the western Indian Ocean and assigned to Achnanthidium sensu lato – Achnanthidium capitatum, A. flexuistriatum, A. pseudodelicatissimum and A. scalariforme – possessed morphological features permitting their placement into Madinithidium gen. nov. The above-mentioned species were formally transferred to the new genus.
ISSN: 2330-2968

hal-01333391
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01333391
DOI : 10.2216/14-21R2

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Retreatment with pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) results in poor sustained virological response (SVR) rates in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients. There are limited data regarding the use of telaprevir plus peg-IFN/RBV in this population. HIV type 1-infected patients who previously failed ≥12 weeks of peg-IFN/RBV for HCV genotype 1 coinfection were enrolled in a single-arm, phase 2 trial. Patients with cirrhosis and previous null response were excluded. Authorized antiretrovirals were tenofovir, emtricitabine, efavirenz, atazanavir, and raltegravir. All patients received peg-IFN alfa-2a (180 µg/week) plus RBV (1000-1200 mg/day) for 4 weeks, followed by telaprevir (750 mg or 1125 mg every 8 hours with efavirenz) plus peg-IFN/RBV for 12 weeks and peg-IFN/RBV for 32-56 weeks according to virological response at week 8. The primary endpoint was the SVR rate at 24 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR24). Sixty-nine patients started treatment; SVR24 was achieved in 55 (80% [95% confidence interval, 68%-88%). SVR24 was not influenced by baseline fibrosis stage, IL28B genotype, antiretroviral regimen, HCV subtype, CD4 cell count, previous response to HCV treatment, HCV RNA level, or HCV RNA decline at week 4. HCV treatment was discontinued for adverse events (AEs) in 20% of patients, including cutaneous (4%), psychiatric (4%), hematological (6%), and other AEs (6%). Peg-IFN or RBV dose reduction was required in 23% and 43% of patients, respectively. Seventy percent of patients required erythropoietin, blood transfusions, or RBV dose reduction for anemia. Two patients died during the study. No HIV breakthrough was observed. Despite a high discontinuation rate related to toxicity, a substantial proportion of treatment-experienced HIV-coinfected patients achieved SVR24 with a telaprevir-based regimen. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01332955.
ISSN: 1058-4838

hal-01118447
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118447
PUBMED : 25139963
DOI : 10.1093/cid/ciu659

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Résumé : Read More: http://library.seg.org/doi/10.1190/geo2015-0411.1
International audience
Understanding the role of the unsaturated zone in aquifer recharge and contaminant attenuation processes is a major challenge for the protection and management of karstic water resources. We present the potential of the magnetic resonance soundings (MRS) geophysical method for characterizing the vadose zone of karst aquifers composed of epikarst and infiltration layers. To investigate the hydraulic functioning of the Durzon karst system located on the Larzac plateau (southern France), we used the MRS method at 16 sites. The MRS results have been compared with available geologic information and to core water content measurements. The remarkable spatial variability of the MRS response observed in the study area makes it possible to determine ranges of water storage properties in relation to the lithology of the investigated carbonate formations (dolomite, marly, and siliceous limestone). All soundings found either constant or increasing MRS water content with depth, which demonstrates that the infiltration zone might be the major water storage entity for permanent water storage, with important consequences for recharge quality and quantity. These results show the feasibility and potential of the MRS method for the characterization of the karst unsaturated zone and for understanding the vertical distribution of water content, which impacts the overall functioning of karst systems.Read More: http://library.seg.org/doi/10.1190/geo2015-0411.1
ISSN: 0016-8033

hal-01412654
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01412654
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01412654/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01412654/file/mazilli2016.pdf
DOI : 10.1190/GEO2015-0411.1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Febrile illness is a common cause of attendance at emergency departments. The purpose of this study was to describe infectious aetiologies of fever in a tropical setting. We prospectively included 1443 febrile patients, all French Guiana residents, who presented at Cayenne Hospital emergency department. This report will propose an overview of aetiologies of febrile illness in French Guiana, and tropical diseases such as malaria and arbovirus infections are discussed. Almost 30% of fevers remained unexplained. Further prospective multicentre studies are warranted to improve the diagnosis of overlooked pathogens in French Guiana. Such studies would lead to conclusions of specific interest in the travel medicine field.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene / Transactions of the Royal Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

pasteur-00584097
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00584097
DOI : 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.011
PUBMED : 18640694

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Publié en septembre 2013 dans le "Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction" vol.42 n°5 p.413-444
We review the epidemiological literature on the possible impact of chemical and physical factors on pregnancy outcome. Effects of in-utero exposures on child health are not considered here. The highest levels of evidence concern the effects of passive smoking (on fetal growth), of lead (pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal growth), of some Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB; on fetal growth) and, to a lesser extent, of atmospheric pollutants (on fetal growth and preterm delivery). For the other compounds, in particular non-persistent chemicals, the literature, which is generally based on poor exposure assessment, is less informative. In conclusion, the last decades have witnessed the development of mother-child cohorts in which exposure biomarkers have been assayed, allowing a large number of publications. For some persistent compounds, for which efficient exposure assessment approaches have been used, the literature indicates a likely impact on pregnancy outcomes. With the exception of air pollutants, the literature on non-persistent compounds is little conclusive; the assay of exposure biomarkers in repeated biological samples collected at relevant time points could help further increase knowledge regarding any health impact.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00916684

hal-00916684
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00916684
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00916684/document
DOI : 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.02.012