Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : In order to provide reliable scientific advice and support for fisheries management, it is necessary to evaluate the biological and economic sustainability of complex fisheries, such as multi-species multi-fleet fisheries. Existing policy-screening modelling tools are not fully suitable in this purpose due to either an over-simplified description of population dynamics, or due to the lack of consideration of economic aspects. In this paper, we present a package that enables quantitative bioeconomic assessment of management scenarios. Population dynamics is described through spatially- and seasonally-explicit models. Exploitation dynamics is characterized by several fishing activities with specific spatial and seasonal features, and practiced by several kinds of vessels with specific technical characteristics. Exploitation costs and revenues are considered at several levels: the fishing trip, the fishing unit (vessel and crew), and the vessel owner. The model is generic and can be used for different types of fisheries. A database is attached to the software for the storage and updating of information for each fishery. This includes the specification of model dimensions and of the parameters describing populations and exploitation. Several model assumptions regarding either population or exploitation may be adapted to suit a specific fishery. Both policies and corresponding fishers' response may be interactively specified through JAVA (TM) scripts. This version of ISIS-Fish allows for the calculation of biological and economic consequences of a range of policies, including conventional ones like catch and effort controls, and alternative policies such as marine protected areas. To facilitate policy-screening in a high-dimension parameter space, the software includes features, like interfaces for sensitivity analysis and simulation queues. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ecological Modelling (0304-3800) (Elsevier), 2009-04 , Vol. 220 , N. 7 , P. 1013-1033

Droits : 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6782.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.007
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6782/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD The Royal Society
Résumé : International audience
Conservation commonly requires trade-offs between social and ecological goals. For tropical small-scale fisheries, spatial scales of socially appropriate management are generally small— the median no-take locally managed marine area (LMMA) area throughout the Pacific is less than 1 km 2. This is of particular concern for large coral reef fishes, such as many species of grouper, which migrate to aggregations to spawn. Current data suggest that the catchment areas (i.e. total area from which individuals are drawn) of such aggregations are at spatial scales that preclude effective community-based management with no-take LMMAs. We used acoustic telemetry and tag-returns to examine reproductive migrations and catchment areas of the grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus at a spawning aggregation in Papua New Guinea. Protection of the resultant catchment area of approximately 16 km 2 using a no-take LMMA is socially untenable here and throughout much of the Pacific region. However, we found that spawning migrations were skewed towards shorter distances. Consequently, expanding the current 0.2 km 2 no-take LMMA to 1–2 km 2 would protect approximately 30–50% of the spawning population throughout the non-spawning season. Contrasting with current knowledge, our results demonstrate that species with moderate reproductive migrations can be managed at scales congruous with spatially restricted management tools.
ISSN: 2054-5703

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01297717
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01297717
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01297717/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01297717/file/150694.full.pdf
DOI : 10.1098/rsos.150694

Éditeur(s) : Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls
Résumé : Coastal uses have deeply evolved these last decades and high anthropogenic pressures on coastal ecosystems have affected the sustainability of these areas with respect to the services and the resources they may provide. Traditional fisheries management has failed to avoid overexploitation of most coastal marine resources. Management measures based on an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) are thus required. Spatial management covers various ranges of properties that may enhance usual regulatory means. If spatial considerations are explicitly integrated in fisheries management, the latter may contribute to zoning design in order to balance the economic, social and biological values of natural marine resources. While traditional fisheries management approaches protect resource based on population numbers, Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) protect ecosystem in space. Besides their ecological effects on fish assemblages within its boundaries, MPAs can enhance adjacent artisanal fisheries. MPAs can thus ensure the sustainability of fisheries and at the same time maintain non-fisheries benefits of marine ecosystems to society.
Vie et Milieu (0240-8759) (Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls), 2006-12 , Vol. 56 , N. 4 , P. 301-305

Droits : 2007 Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-2598.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2598/

Éditeur(s) : Ecole nationale supérieure agronomique de Rennes
Résumé : Describe and gain understanding on fluctuations in animal population over time and space is a central goal of population ecology. This is also crucial to ensure the sustainable management of exploited resources, particularly those with complex population dynamics such as the bluefin tuna. The goal of this work is to collect bluefin tuna catches from the ancestral Mediterranean and Atlantic trap fisheries to (i) characterise long-term fluctuations in bluefin tuna population migrating in the Mediterranean, (ii) analyse their causes et (iii) assess their implications for fisheries management. The bluefin tuna main biological and ecological characteristics are first detailed. Then, the first part presents the trap fishery, and the process of collect and validation of the historical catches. This leads to develop a data base of 54 time-series more than 20 years long, the longest ones spanning about four centuries. Mean historical catches were around 15 000 tons/year ([7 000;25 000]). Time-series are analysed in a second part. Temporal variability of trap catches may be decomposed in three components: 100-year-long periodic fluctuations, 20-year cycles and inter-annual variations. These medium- to long-term fluctuations, representing more than 50% of the variability in the time-series, were synchronous all around the western Mediterranean and adjacent North Atlantic. In contrast, short-term variability was synchronous at a local scale only. It is argued that long-term fluctuations in trap catches could be considered as a proxy for those in abundance, and a synthetic time-series is computed to depict them. Biological and ecological processes that could cause such long-term fluctuations are discussed in a third part. We tested whether long-term fluctuations in Atlantic bluefin tuna might be related to large-scale environmental changes, using long time-series of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Length of the Day index (LOD, a proxy of the atmospheric circulation index ACI) and the temperature. Spectral analyses of trap catches, LOD and temperature displayed similar spectra with peak at low frequency, whereas those of the NAO exhibited a broad band spectrum. Regression analyses and tests of correlation did not reveal any clear relationship between trap catches on the one hand and NAO and LOD on the other hand. In contrast, long-term fluctuations in trap catches appear to be negatively and significantly related to long-term trends in temperature. Underlying processes that could explain such a relationship are discussed, with special focus on changes in migration patterns. Finally, implications of such fluctuations in term of fisheries management are discussed in a fourth part. A simulation framework, in which a simulated population dynamics model is coupled with a VPA, is built to test the pertinence of the diagnostic of stock assessment according to different scenarios on fluctuations origins and population status. In the hypothesis of fluctuations linked to variations in the recruitment, VPA appears able to reconstruct the fluctuations but the predictions may be biased if natural fluctuations are not taking into account. In the hypothesis of fluctuations linked to changes in migration pattern, VPA is not able to reconstruct the population dynamics. In a precautionary approach, quotas which follow may be unsuitable in the best case, at worst dangerous if they are defined in comparison with a reference point. The concept of cible reference points, fixe and unique over time, appears not relevant for bluefin tuna; estimate trajectory reference pertinent may prove to be more pertinent.
Décrire et comprendre les fluctuations spatio-temporelles des espèces animales constituent les enjeux majeurs de l'écologie. La question est également cruciale pour réussir la gestion durable des ressources exploitées, en particulier celle du thon rouge, grand pélagique migrateur à la dynamique complexe. L'objectif de ce travail est de collecter les captures historiques de thon rouge par les madragues méditerranéennes et proche atlantiques pour (i) caractériser les fluctuations à long terme de la population migrante en Méditerranée, (ii) étudier leur déterminisme et (iii) évaluer leurs implications en terme de gestion des pêcheries. Après avoir décrit les principales caractéristiques biologiques et écologiques du thon rouge, la première partie présente la pêcherie à la madrague, puis le processus de collecte et de validation des données historiques de captures. Ce dernier conduit à la mise en place d'une base de données de 54 séries de plus de 20 ans, dont les plus longues s'étendent sur près de 4 siècles. Les productions historiques sont estimées à environ 15 000 tonnes/an ([7 000;25 000]). Les séries historiques de captures sont analysées dans la seconde partie. Leur variabilité temporelle peut être décomposée en trois composantes : de larges cycles pseudo-séculaires, des variations périodiques d'une vingtaine d'années et des fluctuations inter-annuelles. Les fluctuations à moyen et long terme, expliquant plus de la moitié de la variance des séries, sont synchrones à l'échelle du bassin méditerranéen occidental et du proche Atlantique. La variabilité inter-annuelle, en revanche, n'est synchrone qu'à une échelle locale. On montre finalement que les fluctuations à long terme des captures peuvent être considérées comme de bons indices des tendances des abondances de la population de thons rouges migrants en Méditerranée. Une série synthétique est construite pour les décrire. Les processus biologiques et écologiques susceptibles d'être à l'origine de ces fluctuations sont discutés dans la troisième partie. L'hypothèse d'un forçage environnemental à grande échelle est testée en utilisant des indices à long terme de l'Oscillation Nord Atlantique (NAO), de la longueur du jour (LOD, un indicateur de l'indice de circulation atmosphérique ACI) et de la température. Les analyses spectrales sur les séries de captures, du LOD et des températures révèlent des spectres similaires, avec un pic sur les basses fréquences, alors que celles sur le NAO conduisent à une large bande spectrale. Les régressions et les tests de corrélations ne montrent aucune relation significative entre les captures par les madragues et le NAO et le LOD. En revanche, les fluctuations à long terme des captures apparaissent significativement et négativement corrélées avec les fluctuations à long terme des températures. Les processus sous-jacents susceptibles d'expliquer une telle relation, en particulier des changements migratoires, sont discutés. Finalement, les implications des fluctuations pour la gestion de la pêcherie sont discutées dans une quatrième partie. Un cadre de simulation, couplant un modèle de dynamique de population à une VPA, est élaboré pour tester la pertinence des diagnostics d'évaluation de stock selon différents scénarios d'origine des fluctuations et d'état de la population. Dans l'hypothèse de fluctuations liées à des variations du recrutement, la VPA apparaît capable de reconstruire les fluctuations mais les prédictions sont biaisées lorsqu'il n'est pas tenu compte des fluctuations naturelles du stock. Dans l'hypothèse de fluctuations liées à des changements migratoires, la VPA est alors incapable de reproduire la dynamique de la population. Dans une approche de précaution, les quotas qui en découlent peuvent se révéler au mieux inappropriés, au pire dangereux s'ils sont définis par rapport à un point de référence. Ce concept de point cible, fixe et unique dans le temps, apparaît inapproprié pour le thon rouge ; estimer des "trajectoires de référence" serait sans doute plus pertinent.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/these-65.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/65/

Résumé : The full exploitation of the world fishery resources has drastically modified the prospects and conditions for progress in fisheries. It was detenninant in the change of the Ocean Regime. Moreover, it widened considerably the range of issues which have to be addressed for an efficient use of marine living resources. Assessment approaches for complex fisheries, carrying capacity of basins and management of bivalve mollusc stocks, natural variability of fish stocks and management implications, methods for access regulation, economic rent, resources and use rights allocation, nature of aitisanal fisheries, strategies for fishery development in Third World countries, international dimensions of fisheries, etc. are among the issues reviewed in this book by scientists of international repute.
La pleine exploitation des ressources halieutiques mondiales a profondément modifié les perspectives et les conditions de progrès de la pêche. Elle a pesé lourd dans l'acccptalion du nouveau régime des océans. Surtout, elle a considérablement élargi le champ des questions à aborder pour mieux valoriser les ressources vivantes de l'océan. Méthodes d'évaluation de pêcheries complexes, capacité biotique des bassins et aménagement des cheptels coquilliers, variabilité naturelle des stocks et conséquences pour l'aménagement des pêches, méthodes de régulation de l'accès, rente économique, allocation de ressources communes et de droits d'usage, spécificité des pêches artisanales, stratégies de développement de la pêche dans les pays du Tiers Monde, dimensions internationales de la pêche, etc. figurent parmi les thèmes qu'abordent dans cet ouvrage des spécialistes de notoriété mondiale.

Droits : Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer, IFREMER, 1989
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/rapport-1511.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1511/

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : In the Caribbean, snappers (Lutjanidae) and groupers (Serranidae) are often heavily exploited by artisanal or industrial fisheries. This paper analyzes the catches of an artisanal fishery selectively targeting these species with a moderate fishing pressure in the Bay Islands (Honduras), and discusses the implications on the understanding of the early stages of development of reef fisheries. Although snappers and groupers are targeted with handlines and spearguns in the whole archipelago, the differences in species diversity and size structure of the catch reveals various exploitation patterns. In most areas, a depletion is observed for the most vulnerable snapper and grouper species, and most other species are mainly exploited in their juvenile phase; clear signs of an intensification process are apparent in one of the areas. The comparison of the relative production in the Bay Islands with other reef fisheries in the Caribbean suggests that higher values may be related to moderate fishing pressure and appropriate combinations of fishing effort and selectivity. This example shows how fisheries strictly targeting a high quality resource with selective fishing techniques can be quite productive even at high levels of effort, but also that they are progressively lead to broaden their species range (sooner or later at the expense of the most vulnerable, often large-sized, species) while increasingly using less selective gears.
Fisheries Research (0165-7836) (Elsevier), 2005-06 , Vol. 73 , N. 1-2 , P. 159-169

Droits : 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-512.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2004.12.008
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/512/

Résumé : Monitoring n°27 of the Paluel nuclear power plant takes into account studies conducted between March and September 2004. Impacts on hydrology, Microbiology, phytoplankton, zooplankton, fisheries, intertidal phytobenthos and zoobenthos are reported. This power plant has been in operation for twenty years.
L'étude n°27 du site électronucléaire de Paluel (département de la Seine-Maritime) concerne l'année 2004. Sont étudiés les domaines benthique, halieutique et pélagique. L'année 2004 est la 21ème année de fonctionnement de la Centrale.

Droits : 2005 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/rapport-1026.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1026/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : This paper develops a comparative overview of the development of Fish Aggregating Devices (or fads) by the tropical purse seine fisheries in various ocean areas (Atlantic, Indian, Western and Eastern Pacific Oceans). First, a comparative review of fishery statistics is developed. Recent catches on fads by purse seiners can be estimated at a level of one million tons yearly. This comparison allows to describe the fishing zones and catch trends over time, the species composition and size taken in the various fad fisheries. Skipjack tuna is the dominant species in most fad fisheries, but significant amounts of yellowfin and bigeye are also frequently taken under fads. The paper also presents an overview of various observer data concerning the by-catches of the various fisheries using fads. This comparison allows to estimate the total worldwide yearly by-catches at about 100,000 t, and their species composition in each ocean. The fad technology used in the various oceans by purse seiners is described. The recent use of fads by purse seiners has introduced major uncertainties in most stock assessments, because analyses are hampered by changes in the fishing effort in a fad fishery, by changes in fishing zones and in sizes caught. As a last point, the management of fads presently done or in view by the various tuna bodies are introduced. It appears that the present massive use of fads worldwide is perhaps an unsafe fishing mode, which could produce serious overfishing of many stocks. There is then a consensus that the use of fads needs to be controlled and limited to sustainable biological levels.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15278/12664.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15278/

Éditeur(s) : Edp Sciences S A
Résumé : Moored FADs (MFADs) have been a key area for development in Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles) since the late 1980's. The main objectives underpinning the development of MFADs were to (i) reduce fishing pressure on coastal fishing resources; (ii) boost fishermen's incomes; and (iii) increase local consumption of locally generated fishery products as a proportion of overall consumption. This paper gives an overview of the current structure of Guadeloupe's fishing fleet and fisheries, with a specific focus on MFAD fleets in a relatively unstructured environment with regard to regulation, and so how these fleets operate in a context of unrestricted development of private MFADs. In addressing the following key issues, this paper aims to: assess the economic performance of fleets operating on MFADs, understand why the MFAD fishing activity has not developed more than it has, and suggest how better MFAD management could improve the situation. Socio-economic information on a trip and fleet level basis were collected and stored on a fisheries information system to analyse the relative attractiveness of MFAD fishing and assess the overall economic performance of MFAD fleets as compared to other non-MFAD fleets. Non-monetary variables were also tested to explain the degree of dependence on MFADs. In 2008, economic returns from FADs were relatively low, both in terms of wages for the crews and in terms of profit for vessel owners. Earnings were higher than coastal fishing activities, but seem to have been very sensitive to the indicators used in our analysis. MFADs are expected to become much more attractive as a result of MFAD regulation, especially through the establishment of collective MFADs.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (Edp Sciences S A), 2013-01 , Vol. 26 , N. 1 , P. 97-105

Droits : EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2013
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00137/24836/22914.pdf
DOI:10.1051/alr/20013044
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00137/24836/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : In early 1980s, fad fisheries were introduced from the Philippines to Japan, mainly to Okinawa. The fisheries have well developed becoming one of the main fisheries in Okinawa where 210 fads are approved to deploy in 1999. The annual catch by roughly 1 000 boats (most of them are small) is 2500-4000 mt; average catch from one fad is about 20 mt; average catch by one boat on one day is 73 kilogrammes. fads are also important for easing the fishing pressures on bottom fish stocks. Most of the fads were deployed and managed by local fishermen's groups that have improved the structures of the system to withstand typhoons. The catches are strongly depending on the sites, usually the farther offshore, the better the catches. A variety of fishing methods are devised targeting each species and the size of the fish. Being most abundant and having relatively higher prices, yellowfin tuna is the most important and consists 68% of the total production. There have been conflicts among fishermen on the use of fads since the early stage of the fisheries development. Now, the number of fads is regulated by a management committee. Conflicts between fishermen and sport fishermen have become problems; on the other hand, the sport fishing could lead to further development of the fisheries. Degraded fish meat caused by high meat temperature and occasional oversupply have been major marketing problems since prices are strongly related to the meat quality and the fish supply.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15281/12667.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15281/

Résumé : Monitoring n°25 of the Paluel nuclear power plant takes into account studies conducted between March and September 2002. Impacts on hydrology, microbiology, phytoplankton, zooplankton, fisheries, intertidal phytobenthos and zoobenthos are reported. This power plant has been in operation for nineteen years.
L'étude de surveillance n°25 du site électronucléaire de Paluel (département de la Seine-Maritime) concerne l'année 2002. Sont étudiés les domaines benthique, halieutique et pélagique. L'année 2002 est la 19ème année de fonctionnement de la Centrale.

Droits : 2003 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/rapport-1025.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1025/

Résumé : The brown shrimp Penaeus subtilis growth parameters has been studied by a lot of biologist since the fisheries of the three Guyana and Brazil has been created. The following through of the French Guyana’s fisheries had hallowed us to have an important database about shrimp boat lending. This atabase had permit us to fine the values used for predictive models helped by software like FISAT 2 in this case. This database had permit us to follow the evolution of the growth parameters along the fifteen last years. This study had given us different results which are interesting. First, the L∞ values used by the COPACO workshop (Isaac et al, 1992) are under evaluated and the K values aren’t. in a second time, the K values of the female brown shrimp are decreasing in a significant way since 1989, this case is not the male’s one. At last, we haven’t fond a link between meteorological variation in French Guyana (rainfall, river’s flow, sunshine) or biological data (biomass, density) and the K variations. A ecosystemic model feasibility study had been done for the French Guyana littoral. The data that are existing in the literature aren’t sufficient to build a model of this ecosystem. Future studies will perhaps provide the data that are missing to realize a first model
Les paramètres de croissance de la crevette Penaeus subtilis ont été étudiés par de nombreux auteurs depuis la création de la pêcherie sur le bouclier des Guyanes. Cependant le suivi permanent de cette pêcherie a permis d’avoir une base de données importante sur les débarquements des crevettiers et ainsi de chercher à affiner les estimations utilisées dans les modèles d’évaluation avec l’aide de logiciel prévus à cet effet comme FISAT 2 utilisé ici. Ces données peuvent permettre aussi de suivre l’évolution de ces paramètres au fil des années.Il ressort de cette étude plusieurs résultats intéressants. En premier lieu, les valeurs de L∞utilisées par le groupe de travail de la COPACO (Isaac et al, 1992) sont sous-évaluées et les valeurs de K ne le sont pas forcément. En second lieu, le K des femelles présente une tendance à la diminution sur les quinze dernières années (1989 – 2003), ce qui ne semble pas être le cas des mâles. Enfin, nous ne pouvons rattacher facilement les variations de K enregistrées à aucune donnée météorologique ne concernant que la Guyane (pluviosité, débit des fleuves, insolation), ni à certaines données biologiques (biomasse, densité). La faisabilité d’un modèle écosystémique du littoral a aussi été étudiée. Il en ressort que dans l’état actuel des connaissances sur l’écosystème du littoral guyanais la réalisation d’un modèle n’est pas possible. Mais des campagnes d’études à venir pourraient permettre de recueillir suffisamment de données pour pouvoir dresser un premier modèle.

Droits : 2004 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00077/18859/16433.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00077/18859/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
1. The use of targets to provide measurable objectives and benchmarks for management, conservation, andrestoration of ecosystems is commonplace. In the marine and coastal realms, targets have been successful insetting sustainable limits to fisheries harvests, thresholds for pollutants, and recommended amounts ofrepresentative habitat included in marine protected area (MPA) networks. Quantifiable targets can dissuadegovernments from making dubious claims about investments in ocean protection that sound impressive butcannot be verified. Examples are presented where protection targets have been used successfully for marinemanagement, and instances where measurable and meaningful benchmarks serve to allow tracking of true progress.2. However, the setting of targets can also be a double-edged sword. In some cases, targets have proven useful,but in many instances, interventions made to fulfil targets not only give a false illusion of progress or even success,they present opportunity costs that impede further conservation.3. Some of these issues were raised in the 2003 article ‘Dangerous Targets?: Unresolved issues and ideologicalclashes around marine protected areas’ that appeared in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and FreshwaterEcosystems. Since its publication, the article’s warnings about how targets can sometimes be dangerous andcounter-productive have led to intense debate among scientists and policy-makers alike, and the paper has beencited in more than 500 publications. Yet today, more than a dozen years after the first ‘Dangerous Targets’publication, new targets are driving more MPA designations and conservation strategies than ever before, andthe ‘dangerous’ aspects of target setting have been largely ignored.4. This paper discusses old ‘dangers’ in the context of new developments in marine conservation, including thelingering problem of having simplistic metrics drive marine policies, and the unintended result that can often occurwhen outputs (percentage of area under MPA designation) do not align with true outcomes of effectivemanagement and conservation. Newly emerging ‘dangers’ in letting areal targets (percentage of area underMPA designation) drive MPA designations are also discussed, including how the rush to fulfil obligations toprotect a certain proportion of area is taking place in planning, separate from broader level, and potentiallymore holistic, marine spatial planning (MSP).5. The paper suggests five recommendations that would allow policy-makers to use targets more effectively,including: (1) increase transparency in planning, especially around specific goals and objectives of MPAestablishment; (2) use time-based areal targets when representativity is a goal of the protected area strategy; (3)
ISSN: 1052-7613

hal-01380963
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01380963
DOI : 10.1002/aqc.2675

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a main target for the fisheries at Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) off the south of Okinawa island. Catch and weight composition of the tuna were monitored at a fisheries cooperative market from 1989 to 1998. Some distinct weight groups (considered to represent cohorts) appeared in the catch and the weight of these groups increased monthly - presumably as individual tuna grew. Although small, light weight fish were caught year-round, the 2 kg weight group that was recruited in May grew to about 15 kg by May of the next year. There was a significant seasonal cycle in the monthly catches. The catch of heavier weight groups decreased in winter indicating the tuna moved out of this FAD area. At one of huge FADs (Nirai), fifteen nautical miles southeast of Okinawa island (depth about 1.300 m), a current meter (Aanderaa RCM-7) recorded current and water temperature from June 1995 to March 1996. The current meter was attached to the FAD at 4 m depth. When typhoons attacked Okinawa, the water temperature drastically dropped. Typically, average current speed was 29 cm/s and eastward current was most frequent. Being affected by tide, the current was averaged over twenty-five hours. Current speed was correlated with the yellowfin catch in 120 daily sets at the FAD; the weaker the current speed, the greater the catch. Although not significant, the catch was greater with northeastward current than with southwestward current.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15300/12662.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15300/

Éditeur(s) : Inter-research
Résumé : Marine protected areas (MPAs) have the potential to enhance the long-term sustainability of coastal resources, and the artisanal fisheries which depend on them. However, recreational fisheries, which are increasing their impacts on coastal resources worldwide, may reduce the benefits that MPAs provide to declining artisanal fisheries. Here we used the Bonifacio Straits Natural Reserve (BSNR) Corsica as a study case to simulate the combined effects on coastal resources of artisanal and recreational fishing efforts. The BSNR ecosystem was modelled using mass-balance modelling of trophic interactions. This model was compared to another built on a non-protected area from the same region. We aggregated fishing fleets into artisanal and recreational categories, and we simulated various combinations of fishing effort over a 20 yr dynamic simulation using Ecosim. We showed that fishing activities have an additional top-down effect on the food web and that they decrease the targeted group's biomass, such as piscivorous species. We found, for some trophic groups, non-trivial patterns of biomass variation through trophic cascades. Our trophic approach revealed that some groups may suffer a biomass decrease when MPAs are set or enforced, due to the combined effect of artisanal and recreational fisheries. Overall, our results illustrate the value of modelling to manage MPAs, as a complementary tool to surveys. Models provide the opportunity to anticipate the potential consequences, at the ecosystem level, of socio-political decisions that aim to sustain coastal resources while managing artisanal and recreational fisheries.
Marine Ecology-progress Series (0171-8630) (Inter-research), 2010-08 , Vol. 412 , P. 207-221

Droits : Inter-Research 2010
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00013/12436/9246.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00013/12436/9247.pdf
DOI:10.3354/meps08679
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00013/12436/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are increasingly used for biodiversity conservation and the management of sustainable fisheries. The use of taxonomic surrogates in routine monitoring of the reserve effects on fish assemblages may represent a promising method due to its substantial technical and economic benefits. However, higher taxonomic ranks should be used as surrogates with caution, especially for fish, where the approach is still virtually undocumented. This study aims to shed light on relationships between taxonomic relatedness and ecological similarity, which is crucial to assess the relevance of species surrogacy to reflect species-level information and detect changes in fish related to protection regimes. By analyzing data from a Mediterranean MPA, we show that rather being related to taxonomic relationships, the ability of higher taxa to reflect species-level patterns was explained in terms of aggregation level and distribution of species within taxa. Null models using random aggregations of species were created to identify the best surrogates able to depict changes in responses of assemblages to protection observed at the species-level. Comparison of null model predictions with the more classical higher-taxon approach revealed that the latter was not reliable because, unlike null model outcomes, surrogates determined empirically were not relevant for other subsequent independent monitoring. The effectiveness of species surrogates to depict changes in responses of assemblages to protection observed at the species-level depended (1) on the numerical resolution of the aggregation and (2) the magnitude of differences between protected and unprotected locations. Such findings suggest that surrogacy approaches may be applied for routine monitoring of Mediterranean reef fish communities, although mere empirical determinations of sufficient taxonomy seems to be not reliable, legitimizing the use of alternative methods based on null models. Guidelines for the careful use of species surrogacy in the ecological evaluation of MPAs on fish assemblages are provided.
ISSN: 0006-3207

hal-01174428
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01174428
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.06.002

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : This paper discusses the hypothesis that small tunas and the various species found in association with drifting fads (such as "mahi-mahi", rainbow runner, wahoo, etc.) may be biologically trapped by such a strong association. Massive seeding of drifting artificial fads was observed worldwide during recent years. In this hypothesis, we suggest that fads may alter some biological characteristics of epipelagic populations associated with them: migration, growth, condition factors, predation and natural mortality. As fads are most often used in the equatorial currents, they tend to exhibit zonal drift. Therefore, the associated populations would be artificially transferred from one part of the ocean to another, when they would show different movement patterns in the absence of fads. Natural logs were probably beneficial in terms of ecology and evolution, because they tend to accumulate in convergence areas, most often considered as rich forage areas. Now, fads are seeded in offshore areas, which are not necessarily favourable for tuna feeding. This apparently strong association between fishes and drifting fads may then produce an unexpected biological impact on tuna populations and their associated fauna. The plan is to test this hypothesis in the Atlantic, developing an ad hoc research programme based on tagging, biological and physiological studies, in association to an analysis of high resolution fishery data before and after the development of the fad fishery.Original Abstract: Cet article discute l'hypothese selon laquelle les petits thons et les differentes especes associees a des DCP derivants (comme les coryphenes, elagatis, thazards, etc.) pourraient etre pris dans un piege biologique resultant de cette forte association. Le deploiement massif de DCP artificiels derivants a ete constate a l'echelle mondiale au cours des dernieres annees. Dans cette hypothese, ces DCP, colonises en permanence par de grandes fractions de populations epipelagiques, pourraient modifier les caracteristiques biologiques des especes concernees: leur migration, leur croissance, leurs facteurs de condition, la predation et la mortalite naturelle. Les DCP etant plus frequemment utilises dans les courants equatoriaux, ils tendent a deriver zonalement. Ainsi, les populations associees seraient artificiellement transferees d'un bord a l'autre de l'ocean, alors qu'elles manifesteraient d'autres types de deplacements en l'absence de DCP. Les debris naturels etaient probablement benefiques sur le plan de l'ecologie et de l'evolution car ils s'accumulent dans des zones de convergence le plus souvent considerees comme des zones riches en nourriture. Maintenant, les DCP sont mouilles au large, dans des zones qui peuvent ou non etre favorables a l'alimentation des thons. Cette association apparemment forte entre poissons et DCP derivants pourrait alors causer un impact biologique inattendu sur les populations pelagiques (thons et faune accompagnante). L'objectif est de tester cette hypothese dans l'Atlantique au moyen d'un programme de recherche s'appuyant sur du marquage et des etudes biologiques et physiologiques, parallelement a une analyse des donnees de peche (tailles et CPUE, avant et apres le deploiement des DCP derivants).

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15303/12636.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15303/

Résumé : In order to provide economic indicators for fisheries, analysis of contribution and economic dependencies of the Bay of Biscay fishing fleets to major commercial species catching in the ICES VIII area is conducted. 9 species are considered (regarding the importance of their landings in this area): Sole, Norway Lobster, Sea bass, Hake, Anglerfish, Anchovy, Sardine, Cuttlefish and Monkfish. The landings data are provided by the Harmonie database of the Fisheries Information System of Ifremer and the analysis per specie is done for the 2005 year on one side and over the period 2000-2005 on the other side. A stock slip is built for each species and presents : - Key figures on landings in the Bay of Biscay (total landings, average price, number of vessels concerned and share in the national landings) - Assessment of the concentration of landings - Assessment of the fleets' contribution to these total landings - Assessment of the fleets' economic dependence to the species based on the income share depending on this species.
Dans le cadre de l'élaboration des indicateurs économiques sur les pêcheries, une analyse de la contribution et de la dépendance des flottilles du Golfe de Gascogne aux espèces commerciales majeures capturées dans la zone CIEM VIII est présentée. Les 9 espèces principales retenues sont (par ordre décroissant d'importance dans les débarquements totaux en valeur dans la zone VIII en 2005) : la sole, la langoustine, le bar, le merlu, la baudroie, l'anchois , la sardine, la seiche et le calmar. L'analyse des débarquements par stock est menée à partir des données disponibles dans la base Harmonie du SIH de l'Ifremer à deux niveaux : en coupe instantanée (année 2005) a été choisie comme année de référence (sauf pour l'anchois - année de référence 2004 et en tendance de 2000 à 2005. Chaque fiche stock présente : - des chiffres clés sur la production de cette espèce dans le Golfe de Gascogne (débarquements totaux, prix moyen, nombre de navires impliqués, part dans les débarquements nationaux). - une analyse du niveau de concentration des débarquements - une analyse de la contribution par flottilles à ces débarquements par ordre décroissant des contributions au débarquement total en valeur de l'espèce - une analyse de la dépendance mesurée à partir de la contribution de l'espèce aux Chiffre d'affaires (ou débarquements totaux en valeur) de chaque flottille contributrice.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/rapport-4697.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4697/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Until recently, our ability to implement and assess spatial marine management approaches has been limited by a lack of information regarding processes that bind marine ecosystems, including habitat locations, larval and adult movement, trophic interactions, and fisher behavior. However, recent advances in habitat-mapping technologies, genetics, marine microchemistry, animal tracking and numerical modeling have greatly enhanced our knowledge of these processes. Although these advances have yet to be fully integrated into management decisions, they have the potential to revolutionize spatial marine management. Nevertheless, this revolution will require advances in our ability to share and integrate data into models of marine ecosystems.
ISSN: 1877-3435

hal-00609464
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00609464
DOI : 10.1016/j.cosust.2010.02.002

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : For most fisheries, increasing the local production of pelagic fish is the main objective of Fish Aggregating Devices (fads). This does not rule out the existence of a larger-scale impact, especially on the migratory behaviour of fish. The analysis of data collected during 25 experimental fishing surveys around Martinique between 1995 and 1997 has led to the hypothesis that fads influence the migratory behaviour of young dolphinfish. Unlike recent studies of dolphinfish migration in the Caribbean, which tend to show an annual migration pattern with a seasonal passage through the French West Indies, the experimental fishing surveys done over more than a year on a monthly basis on a single cohort, show that the migratory pattern of part of the regional stock could be disrupted. This analysis has made it possible to estimate an average growth rate for this species during the first year of life.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15321/12635.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15321/