Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Ecological Society of America
Résumé : Herbivory is viewed as a major driver of plant evolution and the mostimportant energy pathway from plants to higher trophic levels. Therefore, understandingpatterns of herbivory on plants remains a key focus in evolution and ecology. Theevolutionary impacts of leaf herbivory include altering plant fitness, local adaptation, theevolution of defenses, and the diversification of plants as well as natural enemies. Leafherbivory also impacts ecological processes such as plant productivity, communitycomposition, and ecosystem nutrient cycling. Understanding the impact of herbivory onthese ecological and evolutionary processes requires species-specific, as opposed tocommunity-level, measures of herbivory. In addition, species-specific data enables the use ofmodern comparative methods to account for phylogenetic non-independence. Althoughhundreds of studies have measured natural rates of leaf consumption, we are unaware of anyaccessible compilation of these data. We created such a data set to provide the raw dataneeded to test general hypotheses relating to plant–herbivore interactions and to test theinfluence of biotic and abiotic factors on herbivory rates across large spatial scales. A largerepository will make this endeavor more efficient and robust. In total, we compiled 2641population-level measures for either annual or daily rates of leaf herbivory across 1145 speciesof vascular plants collected from 189 studies. All damage measures represent naturaloccurrences of herbivory that span numerous angiosperm, gymnosperm, and fern species. Toenable researchers to explore the causes of variation in herbivory and how these mightinteract, we added information about the study sites including: geolocation, climateclassification, habitat descriptions (e.g., seashore, grassland, forest, agricultural fields), andplant trait information concerning growth form and duration (e.g., annual vs. perennial). Wealso included extensive details of the methodology used to measure leaf damage, includingseasons and months of sampling, age of leaves, and the method used to estimate percentagearea missing. We anticipate that these data will make it possible to test important hypothesesin the plant–herbivore literature, including the plant apparency hypothesis, the latitudinalherbivorydefense hypothesis, the resource availability hypothesis, and the macroevolutionaryescalation of defense hypothesis.
ISSN: 0012-9658

hal-01601627
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01601627
DOI : 10.1890/13-1741.1
PRODINRA : 397136
PUBMED : 24870043

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : 1. Functional traits are posited to explain interspecific differences in performance, but these relationships are difficult to describe for long-lived organisms such as trees, which exhibit strong ontogenetic changes in demographic rates. Here, we use a size-dependent model of tree growth to test the extent to which of 17 functional traits related to leaf and stem economics, adult stature and seed size predict the ontogenetic trajectory of tree growth.[br/] 2. We used a Bayesian modelling framework to parameterize and contrast three size-dependent diameter growth models using 16 years of census data from 5524 individuals of 50 rain forest tree species: a size-dependent model, a size-dependent model with species-specific parameters and a size-dependent model based on functional traits.[br/] 3. Most species showed clear hump-shaped ontogenetic growth trajectories and, across species, maximum growth rate varied nearly tenfold, from 0.58 to 5.51 mm year(-1). Most species attained their maximum growth at 60% of their maximum size, whereas the magnitude of ontogenetic changes in growth rate varied widely among species.[br/] 4. The Trait-Model provided the best compromise between explained variance and model parsimony and needed considerably fewer parameters than the model with species terms.[br/] 5. Stem economics and adult stature largely explained interspecific differences in growth strategy. Maximum absolute diameter growth rates increased with increasing adult stature and leaf delta(13)C and decreased with increasing wood density. Species with light wood had the greatest potential to modulate their growth, resulting in hump-shaped ontogenetic growth curves. Seed size and leaf economics, generally thought to be of paramount importance for plant performance, had no significant relationships with the growth parameters.[br/] 6. Synthesis. Our modelling approach offers a promising way to link demographic parameters to their functional determinants and hence to predict growth trajectories in species-rich communities with little parameter inflation, bridging the gap between functional ecology and population demography.
ISSN: 0022-0477

hal-01032387
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032387
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01883.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nordic Ecological Society
Résumé : Niche differentiation and ecological filtering are primary ecological processes that shape community assembly, but their relative importance remains poorly understood. Analyses of the distributions of functional traits can provide insight into the community structure generated by these processes. We predicted the trait distributions expected under the ecological processes of niche differentiation and environmental filtering, then tested these predictions with a dataset of 4672 trees located in nine 1-ha plots of tropical rain forest in French Guiana. Five traits related to leaf function (foliar N concentration, chlorophyll content, toughness, tissue density and specific leaf area), and three traits related to stem function (trunk sapwood density, branch sapwood density, and trunk bark thickness), as well as laminar surface area, were measured on every individual tree. There was far more evidence for environmental filtering than for niche differentiation in these forests. Furthermore, we contrasted results from species-mean and individual-level trait values. Analyses that took within-species trait variation into account were far more sensitive indicators of niche differentiation and ecological filtering. Species-mean analyses, by contrast, may underestimate the effects of ecological processes on community assembly. Environmental filtering appeared somewhat more intense on leaf traits than on stem traits, whereas niche differentiation affected neither strongly. By accounting for within-species trait variation, we were able to more properly consider the ecological interactions among individual trees and between individual trees and their environment. In so doing, our results suggest that the ecological processes of niche differentiation and environmental filtering may be more pervasive than previously believed.
ISSN: 0030-1299

hal-01032397
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032397
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.19110.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
We assessed the extent of recent environmental changes on leaf morphological (stomatal density, stomatal surface, leaf mass per unit area) and physiological traits (carbon isotope composition, δ(13)C(leaf) , and discrimination, Δ(13)C(leaf) , oxygen isotope composition, δ(18)O(leaf) ) of two tropical rainforest species (Dicorynia guianensis; Humiria balsamifera) that are abundant in the Guiana shield (Northern Amazonia). Leaf samples were collected in different international herbariums to cover a 200 year time-period (1790-2004) and the whole Guiana shield. Using models describing carbon and oxygen isotope fractionations during photosynthesis, different scenarios of change in intercellular CO(2) concentrations inside the leaf (C(i)), stomatal conductance (g), and photosynthesis (A) were tested in order to understand leaf physiological response to increasing air CO(2) concentrations (C(a)). Our results confirmed that both species displayed physiological response to changing C(a) . For both species, we observed a decrease of about 1.7‰ in δ(13)C(leaf) since 1950, without significant change in Δ(13)C(leaf) and leaf morphological traits. Furthermore, there was no clear change in δ(18)O(leaf) for Humiria over this period. Our simulation approach revealed that an increase in A, rather than a decrease in g, explained the observed trends for these tropical rainforest species, allowing them to maintain a constant ratio of C(i)/C(a) .
ISSN: 0140-7791

halsde-00675165
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00675165
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02333.x
PUBMED : 21486302

Éditeur(s) : Rancho Torreon del Molino, Universidad Veracruzana Rancho Torreon del Molino, Universidad Veracruzana ( Veracruz )
Résumé : "El Instituto de Suelos de Cuba y la Universidad Veracruzana de Mexico crean la aplicación de un SIG a partir de la cartografia de suelos y factores limitantes a escala detalladaz de una entidad productiva dedicada a pastos en el tropico, estacionalmente humedo"--leaf 4.
(Statement of Responsibility) autores, Alberto Hernandez J., ... et al..
Mexico
Cuba
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Cuba
Cuba
Cuba

754651292
ocn754651292

Éditeur(s) : Perrin Perrin ( Paris )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(System Details) Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
"Published twenty October, nineteen hundred and eight ..."--1st prelim. leaf.
(Statement of Responsibility) Pierre de Vaissière.
Haiti
Haiti
Haïti
Haïti
Haiti
Haiti
Haïti
Haïti
Haiti

591151533
ocn591151533
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00021556/00001

Éditeur(s) : University of Florida University of Florida ( Gainesville Fla )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references (leaf 10).
(Statement of Responsibility) submitted by: Dalton L. Brown.
Typescript.
"To Dr. Peter Hildebrand to fulfill requirements for AEB 5167 (Fall 1995)."
(Funding) Electronic resources created as part of a prototype UF Institutional Repository and Faculty Papers project by the University of Florida.
Jamaica -- Cornwall -- Trelawny
Jamaica
Trelawny, Parish of

74333665

Éditeur(s) : Ministerio de Agricultura, Dirección General de Investigación y Extensión Agricola, Ministerio de Agricultura, Dirección General de Investigación y Extensión Agricola,
Résumé : "Guatemala, noviembre de 1968"--Leaf 16.
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala

155116602

Éditeur(s) : Socioeconomia Rural, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia Agricolas, Sector Publico Agricola Socioeconomia Rural, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia Agricolas, Sector Publico Agricola
Résumé : Cover title.
"Guatemala, C.A., August, 1979."
"Prepared for presentation in the Symposium on Socio-economic Constraints to Crop Protection, IX International Congress of Plant Protection, Washington, D.C., August 5-11, 1979."
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 17).
(Funding) Electronic resources created as part of a prototype UF Institutional Repository and Faculty Papers project by the University of Florida.
Guatemala
Caribbean
Guatemala
Guatemala

ocm7150

Résumé : Title from PDF caption (LLMC Digital, viewed on Nov. 11, 2011)
Manuscript.
"Ce mémoire est écrit de la main du général Rochambeau"--Margin note on leaf 1.
Signed and dated at end: Philadelphie, 14 Fuctidor an 2e, Le General Rochambeau.
Martinique
France
Great Britain
Martinique
France

760307396
ocn760307396

Éditeur(s) : Imprenta universal Imprenta universal ( San José Costa Rica )
Résumé : (Internal Comments) arreglada y anotada por Jose´ Francisco Trejos.
(Statement of Responsibility) arreglada y anotada por José Francisco Trejos.
"Esta obra es, en parte resumida y en parte ampliada con la geografía económica y política, una segunda edición de la primera publicada por mí ... la cual se seguirá editando tal como se publicó."--3d prelim. leaf.
Costa Rica
Costa Rica
Costa Rica
COSTA RICA

AAQ6970
01862985
000140831
39009288

Éditeur(s) : Sector Publico Agropecuario y de Alimentacion, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia Agricolas, Sector Publico Agropecuario y de Alimentacion, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia Agricolas,
Résumé : Cover title.
"Guatemala, Febrero, 1990"
"Disciplina de apoyo: socioeconomia rural."
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 17).
(Funding) Electronic resources created as part of a prototype UF Institutional Repository and Faculty Papers project by the University of Florida.
Guatemala -- Huehuetenango.
Caribbean
Guatemala
Huehuetenango

ocm7151

Éditeur(s) : Griffith & Farran Griffith & Farran ( London )
Résumé : Spine title.
In verse.
Some illustrations are hand-colored and all pages printed on one side of leaf only.
Has been attributed to William Newman, the illustrator.
(Funding) Preservation and Access for American and British Children's Literature, 1870-1889 (NEH PA-50860-00).
England -- London

Droits : This item is presumed to be in the public domain. The University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries respect the intellectual property rights of others and do not claim any copyright interest in this item. Users of this work have responsibility for determining copyright status prior to reusing, publishing or reproducing this item for purposes other than what is allowed by fair use or other copyright exemptions. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions may require permission of the copyright holder. The Smathers Libraries would like to learn more about this item and invite individuals or organizations to contact The Department of Special and Area Studies Collections (special@uflib.ufl.edu) with any additional information they can provide.
002226932
ALG7228
62331785

Résumé : Arbolito con ramas irregulares, armado con espinas gruesas, rígidas y filosas. Hojas de 5 a 7.5 cm de largo, elíptico-ovales, crenadas; pecíolos alados. Flores blancas de 2 cm de largo. Frutos redondos de 3 a 6 cm, verdoso amarillentos, con abundante pulpa ácida. Semillas pequeñas blancas, ovales.
Arbuste aux branches irrégulières, armé de fortes épines, rigides et coupantes. Feuilles de 5 à 7,5 cm de long, elliptico-ovales, crénelées; pétioles en forme d’aile. Fleurs blanches de 2 cm de long. Fruits ronds de 3 à 6 cm, vert jaune, avec une abondante pulpe acide. Pépins blancs, ovales.
Small tree with irregular branches up to 5 m tall, with thick, rigid, sharp thorns. Leaf elliptical, dark green, slightly leathery and aromatic, 4-8 cm x 2-5cm, petiole narrowly winged; inflorescence a raceme; flowers white, fragrant, 1.5 cm long; fruit sub-spherical, 5-6 cm long, yellow when ripe, with very acid pulp, seeds white, small, oval.
Nativa de Asia, cultivada en regiones tropicales y subtropicales.
Originaire d’Asie, cultivée dans les régions tropicales et subtropicales.
Native to Asia, cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions.

http://www.tramil.net/fototeca/plant32

Éditeur(s) : Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologâia Agrâicolas Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologâia Agrâicolas ( Guatemala C.A )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references (leaf 16).
(Statement of Responsibility) Manuela Tucux.
Caption title.
Guatemala -- Sololâa
Guatemala
Sololâa (Dept.)
Guatemala
Sololâa (Dept.)
Guatemala
Sololâa (Dept.)

74810744

Résumé : Arbusto de hasta 7 m de altura, tronco delgado, recto. Hojas corto-pecioladas, elípticas a oblongas, brillantes, subcoriáceas, de 7 a 15 cm. Flores en grupos axilares, fragantes, generalmente sésiles; cáliz truncado; pétalos blancos. Baya oblonga a globosa, de 10 a 16 mm, de color rojo al madurar.
Arbuste pouvant atteindre 7 m de haut, tronc mince, droit. Feuilles à petit pétiole, elliptiques à oblongues, brillantes, épaisses, de 7 à 15 cm. Fleurs en groupes axillaires, odorantes, généralement sessiles; calice tronqué; pétales blancs. Baie oblongue à arrondie,de 10 à 16 mm, de couleur rouge une fois parvenue à maturité.
Shrub, up to 7 m tall with stem branching; leaves opposite, petiole ca. 1 cm long, leaf blade dark green, shiny, obovate, oblanceolate or broadly elliptical, 10-40cm x 5-15 cm; inflorescence in axillary clusters, flowers white, fragrant, generally sessile; fruit a berry, oblong to globose 12-25 mm long, red when ripe.
Originaria de Africa, cultivada en las regiones tropicales.
Originaire d';Afrique, cultivée dans les régions tropicales.
Native to Africa, cultivated in tropical regions.

http://www.tramil.net/fototeca/plant138

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD CSIRO Publishing
Résumé :  
Leaf traits of tropical tree species display an important inter-specific diversity, as detected for instance in the large range of values of leaf mass : area ratio (LMA). They also demonstrate a large irradiance-elicited plasticity, but there is still debate whether this plasticity differs among species. To address this question, leaf traits were recorded on saplings from 12 rainforest tree species in French Guiana, grown under approximately 5, 10 and 20% relative irradiance. Fifteen structural and physiological leaf traits related to photosynthesis were measured. The irradiance-elicited plasticity was quantified using a relative distance plasticity index. A large inter-specific diversity was detected for all leaf traits. A principal component analysis opposed species with a large mass-based photosynthesis, respiration, N content and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, to species with a large leaf mass : area ratio, LMA. The two pioneer species used in this study displayed the largest photosynthetic capacity (and lowest LMA) and ranked at one end of the species continuum. Relative irradiance affected almost all traits with the exception of mass-based photosynthesis.Aweak interaction was found between species and relative irradiance and the species ranking was maintained among relative irradiance treatments for the majority of the traits. A principal component analysis of the values of relative-distance plasticity index failed to reveal any consistent patterns of traits or species.Weconcluded that irradiance-elicited plasticity of leaf traits was similar among species irrespective ofLMA and successional status, despite the occurrence of a large inter-specific diversity for the investigated traits
ISSN: 1445-4408

hal-01032129
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032129
DOI : 10.1071/FP09119

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : Patterns of leaf production and leaf fall directly influence leaf area index and forest productivity. Here, we focused on Cecropia sciadophylla individuals inhabiting the extremes of the gradient in seasonality in rainfall at which C. sciadophylla occurs. In Colombia and French Guiana we compared the intra-annual variation in leaf production as well as the intra-annual fluctuation in internode length on a total of 69 saplings ranging in size from 1 to 2 m. The mean rate of leaf production was similar to 2 leaves mo(-1) in both populations, and the rate of leaf production was constant throughout the year. Our results showed monthly variation in internode length and the number of live leaves per sapling in the seasonal habitat and variation only in internode length in the everwet habitat. Because the rate of leaf production is constant at both localities, the difference in number of live leaves per sapling at the seasonal site must reflect seasonal variation in leaf life span. We show that in Cecropia, internode length can serve as an indicator of precipitation seasonality. Finally an open question is whether leaf production in other pioneer species is also independent of climatic seasonal cues. This information could allow us to link growth and climate of secondary forest species and better understand how past and future climate can affect plant growth trajectories.
ISSN: 0266-4674

hal-01032402
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032402
DOI : 10.1017/S0266467413000394

Résumé : Planta de 6 a 10 m, estolonífera. Hojas pecioladas, de hasta 2 m, arregladas en espiral, simples, enteras, ampliamente elípticas, penninervadas. Inflorescencias espiciformes que crecen desde el cormo a través del pseudo tallo, recurvo-colgantes; flores blanco-amarillentas, en cimas a lo largo del eje principal, cubiertas por brácteas grandes. Fruto cilíndrico de hasta 30 cm, amarillo o verdoso al madurar.
Plante de 6 à 10 m, stolonifère. Feuilles pétiolées, pouvant atteindre 2 m, disposées en spirale, simples, entières, largement elliptiques, penniformes. Inflorescences spiciformes sortant du pseudo-tronc, recourbées et pendantes; fleurs blanc-jaunâtres, disposées en cymes le long de l’axe principal, couvertes de grandes bractées, les supérieures femelles. Fruit cylindrique pouvant avoir 30 cm de long, jaune ou verdâtre au cours de la période de maturation.
Large perennial herb 2-9 m high with basal corm. Pseudostem composed of leaf sheaths forming the ‘trunk’ of the plant. Leaves blades oblong, entire 1.5-4 m x 0.7-1 m, petiole 30-90 cm long, rounded beneath, channeled above; inflorescences terminal, growing from the pseudostem, erect or drooping; flowers in flat clusters in the axils of spirally arranged broad, dark purple-coloured bracts, functionally unisexual, the lower female the upper male; mature fruit fleshy, cylindrical, 6-35 cm x 2.5-5 cm with greenish, yellow or reddish skin.
Nativa de los trópicos del Viejo Mundo, cultivada en las regiones tropicales de todo el mundo.
Originaire des tropiques de l’;Ancien Monde, cultivée dans les régions tropicales du monde entier.
Native to the tropics of the Old World, cultivated

http://www.tramil.net/fototeca/plant238

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B - Oxford Open Option B
Résumé : Variability of leaf traits related to photosynthesis was assessed in seedlings from 14 tree species growing in the tropical rain forest of French Guiana. Leaf photosynthetic capacity (maximum rate of carboxylation and maximum rate of electron transport) was estimated by fitting a biochemical model of photosynthesis to response curves of net CO2 assimilation rate versus intercellular CO2 mole fraction. Leaf morphology described by leaf mass per unit leaf area (LMA), density and thickness, as well as area- and mass-based nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) concentrations, were recorded on the same leaves. Large interspecific variability was detected in photosynthetic capacity as well as in leaf structure and leaf N and C concentrations. No correlation was found between leaf thickness and density. The correlations between area- and massbased leaf N concentration and photosynthetic capacity were poor. Conversely, the species differed greatly in relativeNallocation to carboxylation and bioenergetics. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that, of the recorded traits, only the computed fraction of total leafNinvested in photosynthesis was tightly correlated to photosynthetic capacity.We also used PCAto test to what extent species with similar shade tolerances displayed converging leaf traits related to photosynthesis. No clear-cut ranking could be detected among the shade-tolerant groups, as confirmed by a one-way ANOVA.We conclude that the large interspecific diversity in photosynthetic capacity was mostly explained by differences in the relative allocation of N to photosynthesis and not by leafNconcentration, and that leaf traits related to photosynthetic capacity did not discriminate shade-tolerance ranking of these tropical tree species.
ISSN: 0829-318X

hal-01031522
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01031522