South America -- Peru
Caribbean
South America
Caribbean area
Latin America

Éditeur(s) : Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida ( Gainesville, Fla )
Résumé : (Dates or Sequential Designation) 1999-
Latest issue consulted: 2002.
Mexico
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Dominican Republic
Uruguay
Jamaica
Trinidad and Tobago
Bolivia
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Venezuela
Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Paraguay
Latin America
Latin America
Latin America

AEW7530
48447906
000990589
2004233277

South America -- Peru -- Caribbean
North America -- Mexico -- Caribbean
North America -- Jamaica -- Caribbean

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Ecological Society of America
Résumé : Tropical plant diversity is extraordinarily high at both local and regional scales. Many studies have demonstrated that natural enemies maintain local diversity via negative density dependence, but we know little about how natural enemies influence beta-diversity across habitats and/or regions. One way herbivores could influence plant beta-diversity is by driving allocation trade-offs that promote habitat specialization across resource gradients. We therefore predicted that increasing resource availability should be accompanied by increasing herbivory rates and decreasing plant allocation to defense. Second, relative abundances within plant lineages are predicted to reflect patterns of habitat specialization and allocation trade-offs. A phylogenetic context is vital not only to compare homologous plant traits (including defense strategies) across habitat types, but also to connect evolutionary trade-offs to patterns of species diversification in each phylogenetic lineage. We tested these predictions for trees in white-sand, clay terra firme, and seasonally flooded forests in Peru and French Guiana that represent the range of soil fertility, forest structure, and floristic compositions found throughout the Amazon region. We established 74 0.5-ha plots in these habitats and sampled all trees. Within 12 representative plots we marked newly expanding leaves of 394 saplings representing 68 species, including the most abundant species in each plot in addition to species from five focal lineages: Swartzia and Inga (Fabaceae), Protieae (Burseracaeae), Bombacoideae (Malvaceae), and Micropholis (Sapotaceae). We measured total leaf production rates for each sapling and calculated relative herbivory impact as the ratio between herbivory rate and leaf production rate. Herbivory rates averaged 2.1% per month, did not correlate with leaf production rate, and were similar across habitats. Relative herbivore impacts exceeded leaf production rates for most species. Leaf production rate averaged 2.8%, was significantly higher in seasonally flooded forests than the other two habitats, and exhibited significant correlations with specific leaf area. Species with high herbivory rates exhibited significantly lower relative abundances in terra firme forests. Overall, focal species within lineages present contrasting patterns regarding their herbivory rates and leaf production rate within habitats. These results highlight why a lineage-based approach is necessary when attempting to connect hypotheses regarding evolutionary trade-offs to community assembly patterns.
ISSN: 0012-9658

hal-01032418
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032418

South America -- Peru -- Cusco -- Cusco -- Cusco
Caribbean
South America
Caribbean area
Latin America

Droits : Copyright, Erich Kesse, 2008. May be used under terms of Creative Commons license allowing Attribution + Noncommercial + ShareAlike (by-nc-sa)

South America -- Peru -- Departamento de Cuzco -- Provincia del Cuzco -- Cuzco
Caribbean
South America
Caribbean area
Latin America

South America -- Peru -- Departamento de Cuzco -- Provincia del Cuzco -- Cuzco -- San Blas
Caribbean
South America
Caribbean area
Latin America

Droits : Copyright photographer. Permission granted to University of Florida to digitize and display this item for non-profit research and educational purposes. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00087544/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : 1. Trade-offs among functional traits reveal major plant strategies that can give insight into species distributions and ecosystem processes. However, current identification of plant strategies lacks the integration of root structural traits together with leaf and stem traits. 2. We examined correlations among 14 traits representing leaf, stem and woody root tissues. Traits were measured on 1084 individuals representing 758 Neotropical tree species, across 13 sites representative of the environmental variation encompassed by three widespread habitats (seasonally flooded, clay terra firme and white-sand forests) at opposite ends of Amazonia (French Guiana and Peru). 3. Woody root traits were closely aligned with stem traits, but not with leaf traits. Altogether leaf, stem and woody root traits delineated two orthogonal axes of functional trade-offs: a first axis defined by leaf traits, corresponding to a leaf economics spectrum, and a second axis defined by covarying stem and woody root traits, corresponding to a wood economics spectrum. These axes remained consistent when accounting for species evolutionary history with phylogenetically independent contrasts. 4. Despite the strong species turnover across sites, the covariation among root and stem structural traits as well as their orthogonality to leaf traits were strongly consistent across habitats and regions. 5. We conclude that root structural traits mirrored stem traits rather than leaf traits in Neotropical trees. Leaf and wood traits define an integrated whole-plant strategy in lowland South American forests that may contribute to a more complete understanding of plant responses to global changes in both correlative and modelling approaches. We suggest further meta-analyses in expanded environmental and geographic zones to determine the generality of this pattern.
ISSN: 0269-8463

hal-01032415
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032415
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02020.x

Éditeur(s) : A. Combette ( Paris )
Résumé : From: Atlas Universel Illustre.
Extensive illustrations surround the smaller map. A colorful framework of landscape, animals, people, with steel gengravings of cities.
Engraved by Laguillermie.
Illustrations by Raimond Bonheur.
(Funding) Funded in part by the University of Florida, the Florida Heritage Project of the State University Libraries of Florida, the Institute for Museum and Library Services, and the U.S. Department of Education's TICFIA granting program.
Mexico
Belize
Guatemala
Honduras
El Salvador
Costa Rica
Nicaragua
Panama
Cuba
Cayman Islands
Jamaica
Haiti
Dominican Republic
Puerto Rico
United States Virgin Islands
British Virgin Islands
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Guadeloupe
Dominica
Montserrat
Martinique
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Barbados
Grenada
Trinidad and Tobago
Netherlands Antilles
Aruba
Colombia
Venezuela
Guyana
French Guiana
Suriname
Argentina
Chile
Brazil
Uruguay
Paraguay
Ecuador
Peru
Falkland Islands
South America
South America
Early Maps
South America

Droits : This item is presumed to be in the public domain. The University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries respect the intellectual property rights of others and do not claim any copyright interest in this item. Users of this work have responsibility for determining copyright status prior to reusing, publishing or reproducing this item for purposes other than what is allowed by fair use or other copyright exemptions. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions may require permission of the copyright holder. The Smathers Libraries would like to learn more about this item and invite individuals or organizations to contact Digital Services (UFDC@uflib.ufl.edu) with any additional information they can provide.
002730767
ANK8537
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF90000235/00001

Éditeur(s) : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ( Rome )
Résumé : (Statement of Responsibility) by R.F. Watters.
(Internal Comments) by R.F. Watters.
(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references (p. 300-302).
Venezuela
Mexico
Peru
Latin America
Latin America
Latin America
Amérique latine

00675241

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer-Verlag
Résumé : The Chile-Argentina Patagonian Cordillera is a natural laboratory to study the interactions between oceanic and continental lithosphere during the subduction of an active spreading ridge beneath a continent. Subduction of the South Chile spreading ridge, which separates the Nazca plate from the Antarctic plate, started around 15–14 Ma at the southern tip of Patagonia. Presently, the southernmost segment of the Chile Ridge enters the Peru-Chile trench at 46°S, at the site of the Chile Triple Junction (CTJ). We review the main events which occurred on land in the CTJ region (46–47°S), related with processes of ridge subduction. We summarize tectonic, sedimentary, and magmatic features in a 30 Ma-to Present chronological table. A preridge subduction stage, from 30 to 15 Ma, is characterized by the onset and growth of Patagonian relief and by a shift from marine to continental detrital sedimentation in the foreland at 20–22 Ma. The change from pre-ridge subduction to ridge subduction is marked on land by a transition from calc-alkaline to alkaline volcanism, at 14–12 Ma, and by the onset of eruption of very large fl ood basalt provinces (future volcanic plateaus) following rapid erosion of the eastern foreland belt. Post-plateau basaltic volcanism (<4 Ma) is coeval with a period of tectonic and morphological rejuvenation during which the eastern foreland of the Cordillera has been affected by extensional/transtensional tectonics. We place these events in the framework of a tectonomagmatic model involving the opening of slab windows due to both slab tear and ridge axis subduction.
Subduction Zone Geodynamics

hal-00421053
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00421053
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-87974-9_12

Éditeur(s) : Department of State Department of State
Résumé : (Acquisition) Collected for University of Florida's Institutional Repository by the UFIR Self-Submittal tool. Submitted by Margarita Vargas-Betancourt.
(Publication Status) Unpublished
In July 2012, Elenita M. Tapawan, who was then Information Resource Officer, at the Embassy of the U.S. in Mexico invited me to participate as an international speaker for State Department library partners in Latin America. As stated above, on October 24 and November 20, 2012, Natalie Baur (University of Miami) and I presented two webinars on the tools used to develop special collections. There were 273 participants from eight different countries (Peru, Paraguay, Ecuador, Colombia, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Chile, and Venezuela).

Droits : All rights reserved by the submitter.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/IR00001560/00001

Résumé : Planta anual, muy aromática, erecta, de hasta 2 m de altura, cubierta de largas vellosidades. Hojas alternas u opuestas de 3 a 10 cm de largo, bipinnatifidas. Flores masculinas verdosas en largos capítulos terminales, flores femeninas en las axilas de las hojas. Fruto en aquenio ovoide, anguloso y espinoso, de 3 a 4 mm de largo.
Plante annuelle, très aromatique, à tige érigée, pouvant atteindre 2 m de hauteur, couverte de longues villosités. Feuilles alternes ou opposées, de 3 à 10 cm de long, bipinnatifides. Fleurs mâles verdâtres à longs capitules terminaux, fleurs femelles dans l';axe des feuilles. Fruit akène ové, anguleux et épineux, de 3 à 4 mm de long.
Annual plant, very aromatic, up to 2 m high, covered by long hairs.  Leaves, alternate or opposite, 3-10 cm long, bipinnatifid.  Male flowers greenish, in long terminal clusters; female flowers grouped in leaf axils.  Fruit keeled, 2- 2.5 up to 4 mm long.
América tropical, desde México hasta Perú, incluyendo la Cuenca del Caribe.
Amérique tropicale, du Mexique jusqu';au Pérou, y compris le Bassin de la Caraïbe.  
Tropical America, from Mexico to Peru, including the Caribbean Basin.

http://www.tramil.net/fototeca/plant104

South America -- Peru -- Departamento de Cuzco -- Provincia del Cuzco -- Cuzco -- San Blas
Caribbean
South America
Caribbean area
Latin America

Éditeur(s) : U.S. Govt. Print. Off. U.S. Govt. Print. Off. ( Washington )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
Hearings held May 17-Aug. 3, 1978.
Mexico
El Salvador
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Jamaica
Guatemala
Belize
Colombia
Peru
Ecuador
United States
United States

04477035
78603735

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : Tropical forests contain an important proportion of the carbon stored in terrestrial vegetation, but estimated aboveground biomass (AGB) in tropical forests varies two-fold, with little consensus on the relative importance of climate, soil and forest structure in explaining spatial patterns. Here, we present analyses from a plot network designed to examine differences among contrasting forest habitats (terra firme, seasonally flooded, and white-sand forests) that span the gradient of climate and soil conditions of the Amazon basin. We installed 0.5-ha plots in 74 sites representing the three lowland forest habitats in both Loreto, Peru and French Guiana, and we integrated data describing climate, soil physical and chemical characteristics and stand variables, including local measures of wood specific gravity (WSG). We use a hierarchical model to separate the contributions of stand variables from climate and soil variables in explaining spatial variation in AGB. AGB differed among both habitats and regions, varying from 78 Mg ha−1 in white-sand forest in Peru to 605 Mg ha−1 in terra firme clay forest of French Guiana. Stand variables including tree size and basal area, and to a lesser extent WSG, were strong predictors of spatial variation in AGB. In contrast, soil and climate variables explained little overall variation in AGB, though they did co-vary to a limited extent with stand parameters that explained AGB. Our results suggest that positive feedbacks in forest structure and turnover control AGB in Amazonian forests, with richer soils (Peruvian terra firme and all seasonally flooded habitats) supporting smaller trees with lower wood density and moderate soils (French Guianan terra firme) supporting many larger trees with high wood density. The weak direct relationships we observed between soil and climate variables and AGB suggest that the most appropriate approaches to landscape scale modeling of AGB in the Amazon would be based on remote sensing methods to map stand structure.
ISSN: 1354-1013

hal-01374829
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01374829
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02432.x
PRODINRA : 183370

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Tout en étant une des régions les plus pauvres du Pérou, le sud andin est la destination touristique nationale par excellence où se trouve le sanctuaire archéologique de Machu Picchu, un des sites du patrimoine mondial les plus prisés au monde. Le boom du développement touristique des années 1990 à rapidement transformé la région de Cuzco en une destination écotouristique et de tourisme culturel. Cette étude présente le développement du tourisme dans la région en général, ainsi que les effets sur quelques communautés spécifiques s’étant intégrées au système touristique international grâce au développement du chemin de l’inca, une randonnée de quatre jours servant de porte d’entrée à Machu Picchu. Les hommes des communautés paysannes des hauts plateaux andins avoisinant Ollantaytambo ont été sollicités pour transporter l’équipement nécessaire au service des randonneurs étrangers. Ces habitants représentaient une main d’œuvre accessible, abordable, voire exploitable, capable physiquement de transporter des poids lourds en haute altitude. Aujourd’hui, la Fédération des Porteurs Daniel Estrada est composée de 6200 porteurs provenant de différentes communautés de la vallée. Essentiellement quechuas, ces communautés rurales marginalisés survivent sur des terres arides ; leur niveau d’éducation ne dépasse souvent pas le primaire ; les villages ne disposent pas d’eau potable, de services d’égouts, d’électricité, de téléphone, d’accès à des services de santé ; les habitations sont faites d’adobe. Étant donné la vulnérabilité de ces populations, l’intégration à un système offrant de nouvelles possibilités de revenus s’avérait souhaitable, malgré les conditions d’emploi déplorables.
While one of the poorest regions of Peru, the Andean south is a national tourist destination and the site of the archaeological sanctuary and one of the most popular sites in the world, Machu Picchu. The boom of tourism development in the 1990s quickly transformed the Cuzco region to an ecotourism and cultural tourism destination. This paper presents the development of tourism in the region in general, as well as the effects for some communities as they are integrated into the international tourism system through the development of the Inca Trail, a four-day hike which leads to Machu Picchu. Men in the peasant communities in the Andean highlands surrounding Ollantaytambo are asked to carry the equipment needed by foreign hikers during the ascent. These people represent an available and affordable workforce, physically capable of carrying heavy weight at high altitudes. Today, the Daniel Estrada Federation of Carriers is composed of 6200 carriers from different communities in the valley. Mainly Quechua, these marginalized rural populations survive in an arid environment; their education often does not exceed the primary level; the villages lack drinking water, sewage services, electricity, telephones, and access to health services; and the houses are made of adobe. Given the vulnerability of these populations, the integration of a system offering new revenue opportunities proved desirable, in spite of the deplorable employment conditions.
Pérou

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.6550
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/6550

Éditeur(s) : Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6
Résumé : In the equatorial zone, Pleistocene is present without disturbance. Two main regions can be here distinguished. The eastern part of the area is ruled by the Peru current ; the central part is typically equatorial.
A l'Equateur, le Pléistocène est présent sans hiatus apparent. A cette latitude, deux régions peuvent être distinguées. L'une, à l'Est, est fortement influencée par le courant de Humboldt ; l'autre, centrale, est typiquement équatoriale.

Droits : Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00034/14547/11808.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00034/14547/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 1354-1013

hal-01107919
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01107919
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02432.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : 1. Arthropods represent most of global biodiversity, with the highest diversity found in tropical rain forests. Nevertheless, we have a very incomplete understanding of how tropical arthropod communities are assembled. 2. We conducted a comprehensive mass sampling of arthropod communities within three major habitat types of lowland Amazonian rain forest, including terra firme clay, white-sand and seasonally flooded forests in Peru and French Guiana. We examined how taxonomic and functional composition (at the family level) differed across these habitat types in the two regions. 3. The overall arthropod community composition exhibited strong turnover among habitats and between regions. In particular, seasonally flooded forest habitats of both regions comprised unique assemblages. Overall, 17.7% (26 of 147) of arthropod families showed significant preferences for a particular habitat type. 4. We present a first reproducible arthropod functional classification among the 147 taxa based on similarity among 21 functional traits describing feeding source, major mouthparts and microhabitats inhabited by each taxon. We identified seven distinct functional groups whose relative abundance contrasted strongly across the three habitats, with sap and leaf feeders showing higher abundances in terra firme clay forest. 5. Our novel arthropod functional classification provides an important complement to link these contrasting patterns of composition to differences in forest functioning across geographical and environmental gradients. This study underlines that both environment and biogeographical processes are responsible for driving arthropod taxonomic composition while environmental filtering is the main driver of the variance in functional composition.
ISSN: 0021-8790

hal-01531619
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01531619
PRODINRA : 349695
PUBMED : 26346553
DOI : 10.1111/1365-2656.12445