Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Physiological Society
Résumé : International audience
The IL-33/ST2 axis plays a protective role in T-cell-mediated hepatitis, but little is known about the functional impact of endogenous IL-33 on liver immunopathology. We used IL-33-deficient mice to investigate the functional effect of endogenous IL-33 in concanavalin A (Con A)-hepatitis. IL-33(-/-) mice displayed more severe Con A liver injury than wild-type (WT) mice, consistent with a hepatoprotective effect of IL-33. The more severe hepatic injury in IL-33(-/-) mice was associated with significantly higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta and a larger number of NK cells infiltrating the liver. The expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and IL-17 was not significantly varied between WT and IL-33(-/-) mice following Con A-hepatitis. The percentage of CD25(+) NK cells was significantly higher in the livers of IL-33(-/-) mice than in WT mice in association with upregulated expression of CXCR3 in the liver. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) strongly infiltrated the liver in both WT and IL-33(-/-) mice, but Con A treatment increased their membrane expression of ST2 and CD25 only in WT mice. In vitro, IL-33 had a significant survival effect, increasing the total number of splenocytes, including B cells, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and the frequency of ST2(+) Treg cells. In conclusion, IL-33 acts as a potent immune modulator protecting the liver through activation of ST2(+) Treg cells and control of NK cells.
ISSN: 0193-1857

hal-01366372
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01366372
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01366372/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01366372/file/Ablation%20of%20interaction%20between%20IL-33%20and%201%20ST2.pdf
DOI : 10.1152/ajpgi.00097.2016

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The CoPanFlu-France cohort of households was set up in 2009 to study the risk factors for infection by the pandemic influenza virus (H1N1pdm) in the French general population. The authors developed an integrative data-driven approach to identify individual, collective and environmental factors associated with the post-seasonal serological H1N1pdm geometric mean titer, and derived a nested case-control analysis to identify risk factors for infection during the first season. This analysis included 1377 subjects (601 households). The GMT for the general population was 47.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 45.1, 49.2). According to a multivariable analysis, pandemic vaccination, seasonal vaccination in 2009, recent history of influenza-like illness, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, social contacts at school and use of public transports by the local population were associated with a higher GMT, whereas history of smoking was associated with a lower GMT. Additionally, young age at inclusion and risk perception of exposure to the virus at work were identified as possible risk factors, whereas presence of an air humidifier in the living room was a possible protective factor. These findings will be interpreted in light of the longitudinal analyses of this ongoing cohort.
ISSN: 1932-6203

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/
hal-01122215
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122215
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122215/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122215/file/journal.pone.0060127.pdf
PUBMED : 23613718

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Background: Influenza is an important cause of serious illness and death, particularly in elderly and high-risk groups. Objectives Aim of this study was to identify factors associated with poor outcomes among adults hospitalized in France for laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza. Study design Patients hospitalized for influenza were identified in a prospective, multicenter study carried out in French hospitals during three consecutive influenza seasons (2012–2015). Influenza virus infection was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were compared according to the virus type and subtype. Risk factors for complications, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death were analyzed by backward stepwise logistic regression. Results The study population consisted of 566 patients, of whom 56% were older than 65 years and 82% had underlying chronic illnesses. Type A influenza viruses infected 422 patients (75%), including subtype H3N2 in 239 patients (57%). The prior vaccine coverage rate was 38%. Complications occurred in 255 patients (45%), consisting mainly of pneumonia (n = 143, 30%) and respiratory failure (n = 116, 20%). Eighty-three patients (15%) were admitted to an ICU, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 4% (n = 21). Sixty-six patients (12%) received oseltamivir. Age over 65 years was the only identified risk factor for complications. Risk factors for ICU admission were an absence of vaccination, no oseltamivir administration before admission, pre-existing chronic respiratory disease, and current smoking. Age over 65 years and ICU admission were risk factors for death. Conclusions Older individuals and patients with underlying conditions are most at risk of influenza complications. Vaccination and early oseltamivir administration, both of which are recommended for these patients, appear to reduce ICU admissions
ISSN: 1386-6532

hal-01302409
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01302409
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01302409/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01302409/file/Factors%20associated%20with%20poor%20outcomes.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.04.005

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer and depends on complex signaling networks that are chiefly supported by protein kinase activities. Therapeutic strategies have been used to target specific kinases but new methods are required to identify combined targets and improve treatment. Here, we propose a small interfering RNA genetic screen and an integrative approach to identify kinase networks involved in the proliferation of cancer cells. The functional siRNA screen of 714 kinases in HeLa cells identified 91 kinases implicated in the regulation of cell growth, most of them never being reported in previous whole-genome siRNA screens. Based on gene ontology annotations, we have further discriminated between two classes of kinases that, when suppressed, result in alterations of the mitotic index and provoke cell-cycle arrest. Extinguished kinases that lead to a low mitotic index mostly include kinases implicated in cytosolic signaling. In contrast, extinguished kinases that result in a high mitotic index mostly include kinases implicated in cell division. By mapping hit kinases in the PhosphPOINT phosphoprotein database, we generated scale-free networks consisting of 449 and 661 protein-protein interactions for kinases from low MI and high MI groups, respectively. Further analyses of the kinase interactomes revealed specific modules such as FER- and CRKL-containing modules that connect three members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, suggesting a tight control of the mitogenic EGF-dependent pathway. Based on experimental studies, we confirm the involvement of these two kinases in the regulation of tumor cell growth. Based on a combined approach of large kinome-wide siRNA screens and ontology annotations, our study identifies for the first time two kinase groups differentially implicated in the control of cell proliferation. We further demonstrate that integrative analysis of the kinase interactome provides key information which can be used to facilitate or optimize target design for new therapeutic strategies. The complete list of protein-protein interactions from the two functional kinase groups will provide a useful database for future investigations.
ISSN: 1471-2164

hal-01118475
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118475
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1169
PUBMED : 25540073

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
Lead in childhood is well known to be associated with poor neurodevelopment. As part of a study on maternal anemia and offspring neurodevelopment, we analyzed blood lead level (BLL) with no prior knowledge of lead exposure in 225 mothers and 685 offspring 1 to 2 years old from Allada, a semi-rural area in Benin, sub-Saharan Africa, between May 2011 and May 2013. Blood samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Environmental assessments in households and isotopic ratio measurements were performed for eight children with BLL extgreater 100 µg/L. High lead levels (BLL extgreater 50 µg/L) were found in 44% of mothers and 58% of children. The median BLL was 55.1 (interquartile range 39.2-85.0) and 46.6 (36.5-60.1) µg/L, respectively. Maternal BLL was associated with offspring's consumption of piped water and animals killed by ammunition. Children's BLL was associated with presence of paint chips in the house and consumption of animals killed by ammunition. In this population, with 98% of children still breastfed, children's BLL was highly associated with maternal BLL on multivariate analyses. Environmental measures and isotopic ratios supported these findings. Offspring may be highly exposed to lead in utero and probably via breastfeeding in addition to lead paint exposure
ISSN: 1660-4601

hal-01296778
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01296778
DOI : 10.3390/ijerph13030316
PUBMED : 26978384

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Landes Bioscience
Résumé : International audience
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Autophagy

hal-00735751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735751
PUBMED : 22966490

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Two of the crucial aspects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are (i) viral persistence in reservoirs (precluding viral eradication) and (ii) chronic inflammation (directly associated with all-cause morbidities in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-controlled HIV-infected patients). The objective of the present study was to assess the potential involvement of adipose tissue in these two aspects. Adipose tissue is composed of adipocytes and the stromal vascular fraction (SVF); the latter comprises immune cells such as CD4+ T cells and macrophages (both of which are important target cells for HIV). The inflammatory potential of adipose tissue has been extensively described in the context of obesity. During HIV infection, the inflammatory profile of adipose tissue has been revealed by the occurrence of lipodystrophies (primarily related to ART). Data on the impact of HIV on the SVF (especially in individuals not receiving ART) are scarce. We first analyzed the impact of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection on abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues in SIVmac251 infected macaques and found that both adipocytes and adipose tissue immune cells were affected. The adipocyte density was elevated, and adipose tissue immune cells presented enhanced immune activation and/or inflammatory profiles. We detected cell-associated SIV DNA and RNA in the SVF and in sorted CD4+ T cells and macrophages from adipose tissue. We demonstrated that SVF cells (including CD4+ T cells) are infected in ART-controlled HIV-infected patients. Importantly, the production of HIV RNA was detected by in situ hybridization, and after the in vitro reactivation of sorted CD4+ T cells from adipose tissue. We thus identified adipose tissue as a crucial cofactor in both viral persistence and chronic immune activation/inflammation during HIV infection. These observations open up new therapeutic strategies for limiting the size of the viral reservoir and decreasing low-grade chronic inflammation via the modulation of adipose tissue-related pathways
ISSN: 1553-7366

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01207287
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01207287
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01207287/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01207287/file/journal.ppat.1005153.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005153

Éditeur(s) :  :
Extrait de : Monde - Hebdomadaire international d'information littéraire, artistique, scientifique et sociale
Résumé : N°222 du journal hebdomadaire Monde, p. 8 concernant l'or en Guyane française
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : ORkidé|Association Le Planeur Bleu (Cacao), Collection Philippe Soler
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/ORK13061
ORK13061

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Résumé : International audience
alpha- and beta-spectrins are components of molecular scaffolds located under the lipid bilayer and named membrane skeletons. Disruption of these scaffolds through mutations in spectrins demonstrated that they are involved in the membrane localization or the maintenance of proteins associated with them. The ubiquitous alphaII-spectrin chain bears in its central region a unique domain that is sensitive to several proteases such as calpains or caspases. The conservation of this region in vertebrates suggests that the proteolysis of alphaII-spectrin by these enzymes could be involved in important functions. To assess the role of alphaII-spectrin cleavage in vivo, we generated a murine model in which the exons encoding the region defining this cleavage sensitivity were disrupted by gene targeting. Surprisingly, homozygous mice expressing this mutant alphaII-spectrin appeared healthy, bred normally, and had no histological anomaly. Remarkably, the mutant alphaII-spectrin assembles correctly into the membrane skeleton, thus challenging the notion that this region is required for the stable biogenesis of the membrane skeleton in nonerythroid cells. Our finding also argues against a critical role of this particular alphaII-spectrin cleavage in either major cellular functions or in normal development.
ISSN: 0021-9258

inserm-00284621
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00284621
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00284621/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00284621/file/Meary_-_JBC_2007.pdf
PUBMED : 17374614

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
AbstractBackgroundSuicide rates in prison are high and their risk factors are incompletely understood. The objective of the present study is to measure the risk of suicide and its predictors in the only prison of multicultural French Guiana.MethodsAll new prisoners arriving between September 2013 and December 2014 were included. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used and socio-demographic data was collected. In order to identify the predictors of suicide risk multivariate logistic regression was used.ResultsOf the 707 prisoners included 13.2% had a suicidal risk, 14.0% of whom had a high risk, 15.1% a moderate risk and 41.9% a low risk. Predictive factors were depression (OR 7.44, 95% CI: 3.50–15.87), dysthymia (OR 4.22, 95% CI: 1.34–13.36), panic disorder (OR 3.47, 95% CI: 1.33–8.99), general anxiety disorder (GAD) (OR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.13–4.22), men having been abused during childhood (OR 21.01, 95%, CI: 3.26–135.48), having been sentenced for sexual assault (OR 7.12, 95% CI: 1.98–25.99) and smoking (OR 2.93, 95%, CI 1.30–6.63).ConclusionThe suicide risk was lower than in mainland France, possibly reflecting the differences in the social stigma attached to incarceration because of migrant populations and the importance and trivialization of drug trafficking among detainees. However, there were no differences between nationalities. The results reemphasize the importance of promptly identifying and treating psychiatric disorders, which were the main suicide risk factors.
ISSN: 1471-244X

inserm-01517176
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01517176
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01517176/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01517176/file/12888_2017_Article_1320.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/s12888-017-1320-4

Éditeur(s) : Paris : Gallimard
Extrait de : Carnet de voyage
Résumé : Deuxième édition
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 18
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Collectivité territoriale de Guyane. Bibliothèque Alexandre-Franconie
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FRA12009
FRA12009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : 16 p.
National audience
The objective of this paper is to present an approach for experimenting territorial prospective analysis based on spatial modelling. This approach is carried out in the framework of the DESCARTES project which aims at developing a spatial simulation tool to support the design and analysis of different scenarios for land-use allocation in Reunion Island in terms of environmental services. The spatial modelling tool is composed of two complementary applications: (i) the Ocelet modelling language and its land dynamics simulation environment, and (ii) the Margouill@ platform. The first demonstrator, a model of farm land consumption by urbanization, was developed and presented during workshops in order to test the role of the spatial simulation tool in support of a collaborative innovation process among stakeholders, and to foster new research on social learning, spatial simulation of environmental services, and scale change issues.
L'objectif de cet article est de présenter une démarche de construction d'un exercice de prospective territoriale basé sur un outil de modélisation spatiale. Cette démarche est mise en œuvre dans le cadre du projet ANR DESCARTES dont l'objectif est de construire un outil de simulation cartographique pour analyser différents scénarios d'affectation de l'usage des sols à l'Ile de La Réunion, en termes de services environnementaux. La plateforme de simulation cartographique est composée de deux applications complémentaires (i) le langage de modélisation Ocelet et son environnement de simulation de paysages dynamiques, et (ii) la plateforme Margouill@. Le développement puis la présentation, en atelier, d'un premier démonstrateur sur la consommation des terres agricoles par l'urbanisation a permis de tester l'outil cartographique comme support d'un processus d'innovation collective entre les parties prenantes, et d'ouvrir de nouveaux champs de recherche sur l'analyse de la démarche par les apprentissages, la spatialisation et la simulation prospective des services écosystémiques, et la prise en compte du changement d'échelle.
Acte de la Conférence Internationale de Géomatique et d'Analyse Spatiale
Brest, France

cirad-00850243
http://hal.cirad.fr/cirad-00850243
http://hal.cirad.fr/cirad-00850243/document
http://hal.cirad.fr/cirad-00850243/file/SAGEO-Brest2013-version_finale.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Karger
Résumé : International audience
Cell Physiol Biochem
Tübingen, Germany

hal-01122597
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122597
DOI : 10.1159/000335868

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a particularly severe disease characterized by a high rate of recurrence and death even after surgical resection. Molecular characterization of HCC helps refine prognosis and may facilitate the development of improved therapy. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases have recently been identified as cellular factors associated with cancer. Also, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type IIIα (PI4KA) is necessary for the propagation of the hepatitis C virus, a major etiological factor for HCC. METHODS: Reverse transcription, quantitative real-time PCR was used to assay PI4KA mRNA. The expression levels were investigated both in a collection of molecularly and clinically characterized hepatic tissues from 344 patients with diverse liver diseases and in human hepatocyte cell lines whose proliferative and differentiation status was controlled by specific culture conditions. Analytical microarray data for 60 HCC and six normal liver tissue samples were exploited to study correlations between PI4KA mRNA levels and cell proliferation markers in vivo. Postoperative disease-specific survival and time to recurrence in a set of 214 patients with HCC were studied by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: PI4KA mRNA was more abundant in HCC than normal healthy tissues. This upregulation correlated significantly with both poor differentiation and the active proliferation rate in HCC. These associations were confirmed with in vitro models. Moreover, patients with HCC who had been treated by surgical resection and had higher PI4KA mRNA concentrations in their tumor tissue exhibited a higher risk of tumor recurrence (median time: 20 months versus 49 months, P = 0.0012) and shorter disease-specific survival (first quartile time: 16 months versus 48 months, P = 0.0004). Finally, the abundance of PI4KA mRNA proved to be an independent prognostic marker of survival for cases of HCC (hazard ratio = 2.36, P = 0.0064). CONCLUSIONS: PI4KA mRNA could be used as a new molecular marker to improve established prognostic models for HCC. These findings also indicate possible new lines of research for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches targeting PI4KA.
ISSN: 1471-2407

inserm-00934294
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00934294
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00934294/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00934294/file/1471-2407-14-7.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2407-14-7

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: The potential interest of antifungal treatment of non-immunocompromized patients with sepsis, extra-digestive Candida colonization and multiple organ failure is unknown. It represents three-quarters of antifungals prescribed in Intensive Care Units. It may allow early treatment of invasive fungal infection in the incubation phase but expose patients to unnecessary antifungal treatments with subsequent cost and fungal selection pressure. As early diagnostic tests for invasive candidiasis are still considered to be insufficient, the potential interest in this strategy needs to be demonstrated. METHODS: This prospective multicenter, double blind, randomized-controlled trial is conducted in 23 French Intensive Care Units. All adult patients, mechanically ventilated for more than four days with sepsis of unknown origin and with at least one extradigestive fungal colonization site and multiple organ failure are eligible for randomization. Patients with proven invasive candidiasis are not included. After a complete mycological screening, patients are allocated to receive micafungin 100 mg intravenously once a day or placebo for 14 days. We plan to enroll 260 patients. The main objective is to demonstrate that micafungin increases survival of patients without invasive candidiasis at day 28 as compared to placebo. Other outcomes include day 28 and 90 survival and organ failure evolution. Additionally, pharmacokinetics of micafungin in enrolled patients will be measured and evolution of fungal biomarkers and susceptibility profiles of infecting fungi will also be followed. DISCUSSION: This study will help to provide guidelines for treating non-immunocompromized patients with fungal colonization multiple organ failure and sepsis of unknown origin.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT01773876.
ISSN: 1745-6215

inserm-00913515
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00913515
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00913515/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00913515/file/1745-6215-14-399.pdf
PUBMED : 24261608

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Background: Sleep disturbances are one of the main complaints of patients with trauma-related disorders. The original Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Addendum for PTSD (PSQI-A) is self-report instrument developed to evaluate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-specific sleep disturbances in trauma-exposed individuals. However, to date, the PSQI-A has not yet been translated nor validated in French.Objective: The present study aims to: a) translate the PSQI-A into French, and b) examine its psychometric properties.Method: Seventy-three adult patients (mean age=40.3 [SD=15.0], 75% females) evaluated in a specialized psychotraumatology unit completed the French versions of the PSQI-A, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R).Results: The French version of the PSQI-A showed satisfactory internal consistency, inter-item correlations, item correlations with the total score, convergent validity with PTSD and anxiety measures, and divergent validity with a depression measure.Conclusion: Our findings support the use of the French version of the PSQI-A for both clinical care and research. The French version of the PSQI-A is an important addition to the currently available instruments that can be used to examine trauma-related sleep disturbances among French-speaking individuals.
ISSN: 2000-8066

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01532051
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01532051
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01532051/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01532051/file/02_06_2017_Validation.pdf
DOI : 10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.19298

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Since the 1950s, Friedman's curves served as reference to guide obstetrical practice around the world. However, recent studies have suggested guidelines based on Freidman's results were too stringent and induce inappropriate and excessive interventionism. The committee aimed to redefine the structure and the normal duration of the labor, as well as the criterion to be fulfilled to consider a labor as abnormal. Several recommendations have been produced based on a systematic literature review. Labor dystocia should not be diagnosed during the latency phase. The beginning of the active phase of the 1st stage of labor has been established between 5 and 6 cm of cervical dilatation, which is later than previously suggested. Rate of cervical dilatation is considered as abnormal below 1 cm per 4 hour during the first part of the active phase, and blow 1 cm per 2 hour above 7 cm of dilatation. A maximum duration for the 2nd stage of labor cannot be defined in the French context, based on the literature. However, exceeding 3 hours, the risk-benefit balance becomes less beneficial. These new guidelines would help to reduce the use of oxytocin and caesarian delivery for labor dystocia. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS
Revue Sage - Femme

hal-01467546
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467546
PUBMED : 28483643
DOI : 10.1016/j.sagf.2016.10.006

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
With the growing use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications (SSRIs) for the treatment of depression during the perinatal period, questions have been raised about the longterm impact of these medications on development. We aimed to investigate how developmental SSRI exposure may alter affect-related behaviors and associated molecular processes in offspring using a rodent model of maternal stress and depression. For this purpose, prenatally stressed or non-stressed male offspring were exposed to fluoxetine (5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle, via lactation, until weaning. Primary results show that postnatal fluoxetine exposure differentially altered anxiety-like behavior by increasing anxiety in non-stressed offspring and decreasing anxiety in prenatally stressed offspring. In the hippocampus, developmental fluoxetine exposure decreased BDNF IV and TrkB mRNA expression. Prenatal stress alone also decreased escape behaviors and decreased hippocampal BDNF IV mRNA expression. These data provide important evidence for the long-term programming effects of early-life exposure to SSRIs on brain and behavior.
ISSN: 0012-1630

hal-01305478
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01305478
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01305478/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01305478/file/Developmental%20SSRIs%2C%20anxiety%20and%20BDNF_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1002/dev.21385

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society of Nephrology
Résumé : International audience
Since the recent publication of data showing favorable outcomes for patients with HIV-1 and ESRD, kidney transplantation has become a therapeutic option in this population. However, reports have documented unexplained reduced allograft survival in these patients. We hypothesized that the unrecognized infection of the transplanted kidney by HIV-1 can compromise long-term allograft function. Using electron microscopy and molecular biology, we examined protocol renal transplant biopsies from 19 recipients with HIV-1 who did not have detectable levels of plasma HIV-1 RNA at transplantation. We found that HIV-1 infected the kidney allograft in 68% of these patients. Notably, HIV-1 infection was detected in either podocytes predominately (38% of recipients) or tubular cells only (62% of recipients). Podocyte infection associated with podocyte apoptosis and loss of differentiation markers as well as a faster decline in allograft function compared with tubular cell infection. In allografts with tubular cell infection, epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules frequently contained abnormal mitochondria, and both patients who developed features of subclinical acute cellular rejection had allografts with tubular cell infection. Finally, we provide a novel noninvasive test for determining HIV-1 infection of the kidney allograft by measuring HIV-1 DNA and RNA levels in patients' urine. In conclusion, HIV-1 can infect kidney allografts after transplantation despite undetectable viremia, and this infection might influence graft outcome.
ISSN: 1046-6673

hal-01121764
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01121764
DOI : 10.1681/ASN.2013050564
PUBMED : 24309185
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC3904571

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This paper addresses the problem of word spotting in handwritten documents. The method is segmentation-free and follows the query-by-string paradigm. In the paper, we focus on the first step of the whole bio-inspired process that is based on two filtering steps, which are a global filtering followed by a more local filtering after a change of observation scale. The contribution of this approach is the use and the generalization of the Haar-Like-Features for the analysis of the document images, inspired from the famous visual perception principle. Different pieces of information are extracted from the whole image before drawing a conclusion, after a process of accumulation of votes. The method is evaluated using the IAM Handwriting Database.
17th Biennial Conference of the International Graphonomics Society
Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe

hal-01165920
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165920
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165920/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165920/file/IGS_2015_submission_33.pdf