Éditeur(s) : Paris : Firmin Didot Frères
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Ville de Pointe-à-Pitre. Réseau des bibliothèques
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/PAP11020
PAP11020

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Ethnobotany Research and Applications
Résumé :  
We examined the limitations of parataxonomic inventories for developing management plans for woody plant resources in tropical rain forests of southwestern Amazonia. Using compilations of herbarium labels, forest personnel interviews and published species descriptions, we assessed the accuracy of common names as parataxonomic units (PUs). We identified 384 common names for 310 harvested woody plant species in the Brazilian state of Acre, of which only 50% were unique to a single taxonomic species. About 10% of common names referred to more than one species, more than half of which included multiple genera. For the 106 species from the Acre sample common to the MAP region including Madre de Dios, Peru and Pando, Bolivia, we identified 198 common names. Splitting was much more frequent in this sample, with more than 80% of species having more than one common name. When the Acre sample was expanded to 131 species from the Brazilian Amazon region, including the states of Amazonas and Para, we identified 740 common names, with nearly 90% of species being represented by more than one common name. Errors and inaccuracy of parataxonomy may contribute to market instability if product orders can not be homogenized within regional markets, and to unsustainable harvests if species are mistakenly lumped into single parataxonomic units. We discuss several programs currently being implemented by our collaborative team in the region to address this issue, including field guides based on digital photography, field courses, and workshops featuring discussions between regional inventory personnel and botanists.
Ethnobotany Research and Applications

hal-01032130
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032130

Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Collectivité territoriale de Guyane. Bibliothèque Alexandre-Franconie
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FRA11050
FRA11050

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : Functional aspects of biodiversity were investigated in a lowland tropical rainforest in French Guyana (5°2'N, annual precipitation 2200 mm). We assessed leaf '15N as a presumptive indicator of symbiotic N2 fixation, and leaf and wood cellulose '13C as an indicator of leaf intrinsic water-use efficiency (CO2 assimilation rate/leaf conductance for water vapour) in dominant trees of 21 species selected for their representativeness in the forest cover, their ecological strategy (pioneers or late successional stage species, shade tolerance) or their potential ability for N2 fixation. Similar measurements were made in trees of native species growing in a nearby plantation after severe perturbation (clear cutting, mechanical soil disturbance). Bulk soil '15N was spatially quite uniform in the forest (range 3-5‰), whereas average leaf '15N ranged from m0.3‰ to 3.5‰ in the different species. Three species only, Diplotropis purpurea, Recordoxylon speciosum (Fabaceae), and Sclerolobium melinonii (Caesalpiniaceae), had root bacterial nodules, which was also associated with leaf N concentrations higher than 20 mg gm1. Although nodulated trees displayed significantly lower leaf '15N values than non-nodulated trees, leaf '15N did not prove a straightforward indicator of symbiotic fixation, since there was a clear overlap of '15N values for nodulated and non-nodulated species at the lower end of the '15N range. Perturbation did not markedly affect the difference '15Nsoil m '15Nleaf, and thus the isotopic data provide no evidence of an alteration in the different N acquisition patterns. Extremely large interspecific differences in sunlit leaf '13C were observed in the forest (average values from m31.4 to m26.7‰), corresponding to intrinsic water-use efficiencies (ratio CO2 assimilation rate/leaf conductance for water vapour) varying over a threefold range. Wood cellulose '13C was positively related to total leaf '13C, the former values being 2-3‰ higher than the latter ones. Leaf '13C was not related to leaf '15N at either intraspecific or interspecific levels. '13C of sunlit leaves was highest in shade hemitolerant emergent species and was lower in heliophilic, but also in shade-tolerant species. For a given species, leaf '13C did not differ between the pristine forest and the disturbed plantation conditions. Our results are not in accord with the concept of existence of functional types of species characterized by common suites of traits underlying niche differentiation; rather, they support the hypothesis that each trait leads to a separate grouping of species.
ISSN: 0029-8549

hal-01032378
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032378
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050593

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : Tree mortality in tropical forests is a complex ecological process for which modelling approaches need to be improved to better understand, and then predict, the evolution of tree mortality in response to global change. The mortality model introduced here computes an individual probability of dying for each tree in a community. The mortality model uses the ontogenetic stage of the tree because youngest and oldest trees are more likely to die. Functional traits are integrated as proxies of the ecological strategies of the trees to permit generalization among all species in the community. Data used to parametrize the model were collected at Paracou study site, a tropical rain forest in French Guiana, where 20,408 trees have been censused for 18 years. A Bayesian framework was used to select useful covariates and to estimate the model parameters. This framework was developed to deal with sources of uncertainty, including the complexity of the mortality process itself and the field data, especially historical data for which taxonomic determinations were uncertain. Uncertainty about the functional traits was also considered, to maximize the information they contain. Four functional traits were strong predictors of tree mortality: wood density, maximum height, laminar toughness and stem and branch orientation, which together distinguished the light-demanding, fast-growing trees from slow-growing trees with lower mortality rates. Our modelling approach formalizes a complex ecological problem and offers a relevant mathematical framework for tropical ecologists to process similar uncertain data at the community level.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01190561
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01190561
PRODINRA : 208582
PUBMED : 23675500
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0063678

Éditeur(s) : Trembly McDougal, Daniel
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Provenance : Archives départementales de Guadeloupe
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/ADG18185
ADG18185

Éditeur(s) : Basse-Terre : Imp. du Gouvernement
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 17
Provenance : Archives départementales de Guadeloupe
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/ADG18132
ADG18132

Éditeur(s) : Paris : Editions Duchartres & Van Buggenhoudt
Résumé : Récit de l'histoire des flibustiers: les frères de La Coste au XVIIème siècle
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 17
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Fondation Clément
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FCL18014
FCL18014

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé :  
In tropical rainforests, the origin of the interspecific variability in trunk CO2 efflux (Et) and of seasonal variations in Et have not yet been explained. We conducted a study to test which biotic and abiotic determinants would contribute to these variations. Et and a set of wood anatomical and functional characteristics were measured on trees in two habitats (Terra Firme forest vs. seasonal flooded forest) in a Neotropical rainforest over a 18-months' period including a range of climatic and soil water conditions. The large variability in Et (0.33 to 3.15 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 in Terra Firme forest) was associated with tree diameter and growth respiration (Eg), although maintenance respiration (Em) was the main component of Et. Neither wood properties nor sapflow density were correlated with trunk CO2 efflux. The large seasonal variations in Et were correlated with diameter growth and surface soil water content (SWC). These data underlined the absence of clearly identified biotic determinants, beside growth, to explain the interspecific variability in Et. We emphasized the fast response of growth and maintenance respiration processes to seasonal variations in SWC that potentially has consequences on the carbon cycle in the ecosystem under upcoming climatic changes.
23. New Phytologist Symposium. Carbon cycling in tropical ecosystems
Guangzhou, China

hal-01032199
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032199

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IM Publications
Résumé : The preparation of tropical wood surface sections for time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging is described, and the use of delayed extraction of secondary ions and its interest for the analysis of vegetal surface are shown. The method has been applied to the study by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging with a resolution of less than one micron of a tropical wood species, Dicorynia guianensis, which is one of the most exploited wood in French Guiana for its durable heartwood. The heartwood of this species exhibits an economical importance, but its production is not controlled in forestry. Results show an increase of tryptamine from the transition zone and a concomitant decrease of inorganic ions and starch fragment ions. These experiments lead to a better understanding of the heartwood formation and the origin of the natural durability of D. guianensis.
ISSN: 1469-0667

hal-01532634
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01532634
DOI : 10.1002/jms.3762
PRODINRA : 383376

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Gravitropism is necessary for plants to control the orientation of their axes while they grow in height. In woody plants, stem re-orientations are costly because they are achieved through diameter growth. The functional diversity of gravitropism was studied to check if the mechanisms involved and their efficiency may contribute to the differentiation of height growth strategies between forest tree species at the seedling stage. Seedlings of eight tropical species were grown tilted in a greenhouse, and their up-righting movement and diameter growth were measured during three months. Morphological, anatomical and biomechanical traits were measured at the end of the survey. Curvature analysis was used to analyse the up-righting response along the stems. Variations in stem curvature depend on diameter growth, size effects, the increase in self-weight, and the efficiency of the gravitropic reaction. A biomechanical model was used to separate these contributions. Results showed that (1) gravitropic movements were based on a common mechanism associated to similar dynamic patterns, (2) clear differences in efficiency (defined as the change in curvature achieved during an elementary diameter increment for a given stem diameter) existed between species, (3) the equilibrium angle of the stem and the anatomical characters associated to the efficiency of the reaction also differed between species, (4) the differences in gravitropic reaction were related to the light requirements: heliophilic species, compared to more shade-tolerant species, had a larger efficiency and an equilibrium angle closer to vertical. This suggests that traits determining the gravitropic reaction are related to the strategy of light interception and may contribute to the differentiation of ecological strategies promoting the maintenance of biodiversity in tropical rain forests.
ISSN: 0022-0957

hal-00797023
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00797023
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00797023/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00797023/file/Functional_diversity_gravitropic_Almeras_al.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Paris
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Provenance : Université Caen Normandie. Service commun de la documentation
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/CAE19032
CAE19032

Résumé : Arbol pequeño con tallo único raras veces ramificado, frondoso en la parte superior. Hojas grandes de 20 a 60 cm, usualmente palmado 7-lobuladas. Flores macho estaminadas en panículas de 10 cm o más; flores hembras con corola amarilla, pétalos en espiral. Fruto globoso o subgloboso de hasta 30 cm de diámetro, amarillo o anaranjado, con zumo lechoso; numerosas semillas negras.
Petit arbre à tige unique rarement ramifiée, terminée par un bouquet de grandes feuilles de 20 à 60 cm, habituellement digitées. Fleurs mâles garnies d';étamines formant des panicules de 10 cm ou davantage, fleurs femelles à corolle jaune avec pétales en spirale. Fruit sphérique ou formant un globe légèrement allongé dont le diamètre peut atteindre 30 cm, jaune ou orangé, avec un suc laiteux; nombreuses graines noires.
Small tree, short-lived, soft-wooded, single-stem with milky sap, rarely with branches; Leaves alternate, palmate, seven-lobed, bunched at the top with petioles, 20-60 cm long; male flowers born on long pendant racemes or panicles ca.10 cm long; female flowers 1-3 in short cyme with greenish-yellow corolla, petals in spiral; fruit globose or subglobose ca 30 cm in diameter, yellow to orange, with milky sap numerous black seeds with a pulpy coat.
Originaria de América Tropical, ampliamente cultivada en los trópicos.
Originaire d';Amérique tropicale, très cultivée sous les tropiques.
Native to tropical America, cultivated in tropical regions around the world.

http://www.tramil.net/fototeca/plant110

Éditeur(s) : Paris : Librairie ancienne Honoré Champion
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 17
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Fondation Clément
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FCL18007
FCL18007

Éditeur(s) : Washington : United States Bureau of the Census

Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Institut des Hautes Études de l'Amérique latine, Bibliothèque Pierre-Monbeig
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/IHE14009
IHE14009

Résumé : Publiée dans le cadre du premier Congrès international d'histoire coloniale à Paris
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Ville de Pointe-à-Pitre. Réseau des bibliothèques
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/PAP11103
PAP11103

Éditeur(s) : London : J. Callow
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Archives départementales de Guadeloupe
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/ADG17111
ADG17111

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
The future of tropical managed forests is threatened by climate change. In anticipation of the increase in the frequency of drought episodes predicted by climatic models for intertropical regions, it is essential to study commercial trees' resilience and vulnerability to water stress by identifying potential interaction effects between selective logging and stress due to a lack of water. Focusing on 14 species representing a potential or acknowledged commercial interest for wood production in the Guiana Shield, a joint model coupling growth and mortality for each species was parametrized, including a climatic variable related to water stress and the quantity of aboveground biomass lost after logging. For the vast majority of the species, water stress had a negative impact on growth rate, while the impact of logging was positive. The opposite results were observed for the mortality. Combining results from growth and mortality models, we generate vulnerability profiles and ranking from species apparently quite resistant to water stress (Chrysophyllum spp., Goupia glabra Aubl., Qualea rosea Aubl.), even under logging pressure, to highly vulnerable species (Sterculia spp.). In light of our results, forest managers in the Guiana Shield may want to conduct (i) a conservation strategy of the most vulnerable species and (ii) a diversification of the logged species. Conservation of the already-adapted species may also be considered as the most certain way to protect the tropical forests under future climates.
ISSN: 1999-4907

hal-01315432
https://hal-sde.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01315432
DOI : 10.3390/f7050105

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : While Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, the abundance of trees is skewed strongly towards relatively few 'hyperdominant' species. In addition to their diversity, Amazonian trees are a key component of the global carbon cycle, assimilating and storing more carbon than any other ecosystem on Earth. Here we ask, using a unique data set of 530 forest plots, if the functions of storing and producing woody carbon are concentrated in a small number of tree species, whether the most abundant species also dominate carbon cycling, and whether dominant species are characterized by specific functional traits. We find that dominance of forest function is even more concentrated in a few species than is dominance of tree abundance, with only ≈1% of Amazon tree species responsible for 50% of carbon storage and productivity. Although those species that contribute most to biomass and productivity are often abundant, species maximum size is also influential, while the identity and ranking of dominant species varies by function and by region.
ISSN: 2041-1723

hal-01204225
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204225
DOI : 10.1038/ncomms7857
PRODINRA : 305614
PUBMED : 25919449

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD De Gruyter
Résumé : A method for measuring shrinkage resulting from drying in the three anisotropic directions is developed and tested. Measurements are performed on sawn discs, a technique which simplifies preparation and enables large numbers of measurements. Shrinkage values can be represented as a map of the disc surface; the results indicate that comparisons between shrinkage distribution and tension wood distribution on the discs show a clear relationship and can be measured with relatively high accuracy in reference to the "shrinkage map". In the long term, this method could be useful in the timber industry as a means for choosing the direction in which logs are cut depending on their type of wood composition.
ISSN: 0018-3830

hal-00004531
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00004531
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00004531/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00004531/file/Holzforschung2003_Clair-Jaouen-Beauchene-Fournier_ccsd.pdf