Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0003-4975

hal-01563338
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-01563338
DOI : 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.03.093
PUBMED : 27262916

Résumé : Preliminary analysis of the impact of an environmental change on ichtyologic fauna marinates and fishing in Guyanese water enter within the framework of the program CHALOUPE (dynamic Change of the exploited marine biodiversity and the viability of the Fisheries) coordinated by Ifremer Cayenne and financed by the ANR (National Agency of Research). The study focuses on: -analysis temporal variations of various environmental parameters (sea surface temperature and salinity, the phenomenon El Niño) -fish physical characteristics (tolerances of temperature and salinity, maximum height, distribution…) - analysis of the unloadings per unit of effort of the inshore fishing and an economic analysis of the selling price of fish Data are found on data bases and are given by scientists. The statistical studies and the cartographic representations show that there is an increase in temperature of water in Guiana since the end of the Nineties. The model AquaMaps® simulates the potential consequences of this reheating on the fish distribution. Certain stocks of fishing are weakened. For the moment, if the composition of the captures of inshore fishing changes, that seems more due to a change of fishing strategy than due to an impact of the climatic change. In addition, the average value of the capture increased for reason commercial.
Les analyses de l’impact d’un changement environnemental sur la faune ichtyologique marine et la pêche dans les eaux guyanaises entrent dans le cadre du programme CHALOUPE (CHAngement gLObal, dynamiqUe de la biodiversité marine exploitée et de la viabilité des Pêcheries) coordonné par l’Ifremer Cayenne et financé par l’ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche). L’étude porte sur : -l’analyse des variations temporelles de différents paramètres environnementaux (température et salinité de surface des eaux, le phénomène El Niño) à l’échelle de quelques décennies -les caractéristiques physiques des poissons (tolérances de températures et de salinité (taille maximum, répartition…) ; -l’analyse des débarquements par unité d’effort de la pêche côtière depuis les années 70 ; -une analyse économique de la pêche ; Les données sont récoltées à partir de bases de données et au près de différents chercheurs. Les études statistiques et les représentations cartographiques démontrent qu’il y a bien une augmentation de température des eaux en Guyane depuis la fin des années 90. Le modèle statistique sous AquaMaps® permet de simuler les conséquences potentielles de ce réchauffement sur la répartition des poissons. Dans un tel contexte, certains stocks de pêche sont fragilisés. Pour le moment, si la composition des captures de la pêche côtière se modifie dans le même temps, cela semble plus du fait de changement de stratégie de pêche que du fait de l’impact du changement climatique. Par ailleurs, la valeur moyenne de la capture a augmenté pour des raisons commerciales.

Droits : 2006 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00077/18855/16429.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00077/18855/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Aims: The aims of this study were to compare short-and long-term outcomes for clinical T2N0 oesophageal cancer with analysis of (i) primary surgery (S) versus neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery (NS), (ii) squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma subsets; and (iii) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods: Data were collected from 30 European centres from 2000 to 2010. Among 2944 included patients, 355 patients (12.1%) had cT2N0 disease; 285 (S) and 70 (NS), were compared in terms of short-and long-term outcomes. Propensity score matching analyses were used to compensate for differences in baseline characteristics.Results: No significant differences between the groups were shown in terms of in hospital morbidity and mortality. Nodal disease was observed in 50% of S-group at the time of surgery, with 20% pN2/N3. Utilisation of neoadjuvant therapy was associated with significant tumour downstaging as reflected by increases in pT0, pN0 and pTNM stage 0 disease, this effect was further enhanced with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. After adjustment on propensity score and confounding factors, for all patients and subset analysis of squamous cell and adenocarcinoma, neoadjuvant therapy had no significant effect upon survival or recurrence (overall, loco-regional, distant or mixed) compared to surgery alone. There were no significant differences between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in short-or long-term outcomes.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a surgery alone treatment approach should be recommended as the primary treatment approach for cT2N0 oesophageal cancer despite 50% of patients having nodal disease at the time of surgery.
ISSN: 0959-8049

hal-01666517
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01666517
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.11.024

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Mammalian spermatogenesis is a process that involves a complex expression program in both somatic and germ cells present in the male gonad. A number of studies have attempted to define the transcriptome of male meiosis and gametogenesis in rodents and primates. Few human transcripts, however, have been associated with testicular somatic cells and germ cells at different post-natal developmental stages and little is known about their level of germline-specificity compared with non-testicular tissues. METHODS: We quantified human transcripts using GeneChips and a total of 47 biopsies from prepubertal children diagnosed with undescended testis, infertile adult patients whose spermatogenesis is arrested at consecutive stages and fertile control individuals. These results were integrated with data from enriched normal germ cells, non-testicular expression data, phenotype information, predicted regulatory DNA-binding motifs and interactome data. RESULTS: Among 3580 genes for which we found differential transcript concentrations in somatic and germ cells present in human testis, 933 were undetectable in 45 embryonic and adult non-testicular tissues, including many that were corroborated at protein level by published gene annotation data and histological high-throughput protein immunodetection assays. Using motif enrichment analyses, we identified regulatory promoter elements likely involved in germline development. Finally, we constructed a regulatory disease network for human fertility by integrating expression signals, interactome information, phenotypes and functional annotation data. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide broad insight into the post-natal human testicular transcriptome at the level of cell populations and in a global somatic tissular context. Furthermore, they yield clues for genetic causes of male infertility and will facilitate the identification of novel cancer/testis genes as targets for cancer immunotherapies.
ISSN: 0268-1161

hal-00877243
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00877243
DOI : 10.1093/humrep/des301
PUBMED : 22926843

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Landes Bioscience
Résumé : International audience
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Autophagy

hal-00735751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735751
PUBMED : 22966490

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : Fire-free forest conversion with organic inputs as an alternative to slash-and-burn could improve agro-ecosystem sustainability. We assessed soil carbon mass changes in a sandy-clayey and well-drained soil in French Guiana after forest clearing by the chop-and-mulch method and crop establishment. At the experimental site of Combi, native forest was cut down in October 2008; woody biomass was chopped and incorporated into the top 20 cm of soil. After about one year of legume and grass cover, three forms of land management were compared: grassland (Urochloa ruziziensis), maize/soybean crop rotation with disk tillage and in direct seeding without tillage. There were four replicates. We measured 14.16 kg m(-2) of carbon in 2 mm-sieved soil down to 2 m depth for the initial forest. Forest clearing did not induce significant soil compaction; neither did any specific agricultural practice. In converted soils, C stocks were measured in the 0-30 cm layer after each crop for three years. Carbon mass changes for soil fractions <2 mm (soil C stock) and >2 mm (soil C pool) in the 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers were assessed on an equivalent soil mass basis. One year and 1.5 years after deforestation, higher C stocks (+0.64 to 1.16 kg C m(-2) yr(-1)) and C pools (+0.52 to 0.90 kg C m(-2) yr(-1)) were measured in converted soils, compared to those of the forest into the top 30 cm of soil. However, the masses of carbon in these converted soils declined later. The highest rates of carbon decrease were measured between 1.5 and 2 years after forest conversion in the <2 mm soil fraction, from 0.46 kg Cm-2 yr(-1) (in grassland soils) to 0.71 kg C m(-2) yr(-1) (in cropland under no tillage). The carbon pool declined during the third year at rates of 0.41 kg C m(-2) yr(-1) (cropland under disk tillage) to 0.76 kg C m(-2) yr(-1) (grassland soils). Three years after forest conversion, C masses in the top 30 cm of soils for grassland showed similar values than for forest. In comparison, the carbon stock in cropped soils managed under no tillage in direct seeding (without mulch) was significantly 17% and 16% lower than in forest and grassland soils, respectively. None of the studied agricultural practices succeeded in accumulating carbon from the chopped forest biomass.
ISSN: 0167-8809

hal-01032438
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032438
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2013.11.009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Pituitary adenomas are currently classified by histological, immunocytochemical and numerous ultrastructural characteristics lacking unequivocal prognostic correlations. We investigated the prognostic value of a new clinicopathological classification with grades based on invasion and proliferation. This retrospective multicentric case-control study comprised 410 patients who had surgery for a pituitary tumour with long-term follow-up. Using pituitary magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of cavernous or sphenoid sinus invasion, immunocytochemistry, markers of the cell cycle (Ki-67, mitoses) and p53, tumours were classified according to size (micro, macro and giant), type (PRL, GH, FSH/LH, ACTH and TSH) and grade (grade 1a: non-invasive, 1b: non-invasive and proliferative, 2a: invasive, 2b: invasive and proliferative, and 3: metastatic). The association between patient status at 8-year follow-up and age, sex, and classification was evaluated by two multivariate analyses assessing disease- or recurrence/progression-free status. At 8 years after surgery, 195 patients were disease-free (controls) and 215 patients were not (cases). In 125 of the cases the tumours had recurred or progressed. Analyses of disease-free and recurrence/progression-free status revealed the significant prognostic value (p < 0.001; p < 0.05) of age, tumour type, and grade across all tumour types and for each tumour type. Invasive and proliferative tumours (grade 2b) had a poor prognosis with an increased probability of tumour persistence or progression of 25- or 12-fold, respectively, as compared to non-invasive tumours (grade 1a). This new, easy to use clinicopathological classification of pituitary endocrine tumours has demonstrated its prognostic worth by strongly predicting the probability of post-operative complete remission or tumour progression and so could help clinicians choose the best post-operative therapy.
ISSN: 0001-6322

hal-00875723
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875723
DOI : 10.1007/s00401-013-1084-y
PUBMED : 23400299

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: In the context of recent guidelines on invasive candidiasis (IC), how French intensive care units (ICUs) are managing IC? METHODS: This is a prospective observational multicenter cohort study. During 1 year (2012-2013), 87 French ICUs enrolled consecutive patients with suspected or proven IC (SIC or PIC) and receiving systemic antifungal therapy (SAT). Data were collected up to 28 days after inclusion. RESULTS: We studied 835 patients, 291 with PIC and 544 with SIC. At SAT initiation, patients with SIC were significantly more severe (SAPS II 50.1 ± 18.7 vs. 46.2 ± 18.0). Severe sepsis or septic shock prompted to initiate empiric SAT in 70 % of SIC. Within 4 days in median, the initial SAT was modified in 49 % of patients with PIC vs. 33 % patients with SIC. Modifications were most often motivated by mycological results, and de-escalation was the most frequent change. Regarding compliance to IC management guidelines, echinocandin was used for 182 (62.5 %) patients with PIC, and 287 (52.7 %) of those with SIC; central venous catheter was removed in 87 (54.3 %) of patients with candidaemia, and 43 of the remaining patients received echinocandin; and de-escalation was undertaken after 5 days of SAT in 142 patients, after 10 days in 13 patients. As 20.6 % of SIC were secondarily documented, 403/835 (48 %) patients had finally a proven IC. Candida albicans was the main pathogen (65.3 %), then Candida glabrata (15.9 %). The 28-day mortality rates were 40.0 % in candidaemia, 25.4 % in cIAI, and 26.7 % in deep-seated candidiasis. In the overall population of patients with proven IC, four independent prognostic factors were identified: immunosuppression (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.977: 1.03-3.794 95 % confidence interval (CI), p = 0.04), age (OR = 1.035; 1.017-1.053 95 % CI; p  extless 0.001), SAPS extgreater46 on ICU admission (OR = 2.894; 1.81-4.626 95 % CI; p  extless 0.001), and surgery just before or during ICU stay (OR = 0.473; 0.29-0.77 95 % CI; p  extless 0.001). CONCLUSION: When SAT is initiated in French ICUs, the IC is ultimately proven for 48 % of patients. Empiric SAT is initiated in severely ill ICU patients. The initial SAT is often adapted, with de-escalation to fluconazole when possible. Mortality rate remains high
ISSN: 2110-5820

hal-01259216
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01259216
DOI : 10.1186/s13613-015-0103-7
PUBMED : 26743881

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Medical Association (AMA)
Résumé : International audience
IMPORTANCE Although frequently used in treating intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis, empirical antifungal therapy, initiated for suspected fungal infection, has not been shown to improve outcome. OBJECTIVE To determine whether empirical micafungin reduces invasive fungal infection (IFI)-free survival at day 28. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study of 260 nonneutropenic, nontransplanted, critically ill patients with ICU-acquired sepsis, multiple Candida colonization, multiple organ failure, exposed to broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, and enrolled between July 2012 and February 2015 in 19 French ICUs. INTERVENTIONS Empirical treatment with micafungin (100mg, once daily, for 14 days) (n = 131) vs placebo (n = 129). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end pointwas survival without proven IFI 28 days after randomization. Key secondary end points included new proven fungal infections, survival at day 28 and day 90, organ failure, serum (1-3)-beta-D-glucan level evolution, and incidence of ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. RESULTS Among 260 patients (mean age 63 years; 91 [35%] women), 251 (128, micafungin group; 123, placebo group) were included in the modified intent-to-treat analysis. Median values were 8 for Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, 3 for number of Candida-colonized sites, and 99 pg/mL for level of (1-3)-beta-D-glucan. On day 28, there were 82 (68%) patients in the micafungin group vs 79 (60.2%) in the placebo group who were alive and IFI free (hazard ratio [HR], 1.35 [95% CI, 0.87-2.08]). Results were similar among patients with a (1-3)-beta-D-glucan level of greater than 80 pg/mL (n = 175; HR, 1.41 [95% CI, 0.85-2.33]). Day-28 IFI-free survival in patients with a high SOFA score (> 8) was not significantly different when compared between the micafungin vs placebo groups (HR, 1.69 [95% CI, 0.96-2.94]). Use of empirical micafungin decreased the rate of new invasive fungal infection in 4 of 128 patients (3%) in the micafungin group vs placebo (15/123 patients [12%]) (P =.008). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among nonneutropenic critically ill patients with ICU-acquired sepsis, Candida species colonization at multiple sites, and multiple organ failure, empirical treatment with micafungin, compared with placebo, did not increase fungal infection-free survival at day 28.
ISSN: 0098-7484

hal-01405822
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01405822
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2016.14655
PUBMED : 27706483

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0305-7453

hal-01470808
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01470808
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkw352
PUBMED : 27609051

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 1198-743X

hal-01118417
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118417
DOI : 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.11.027
PUBMED : 25630459

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Mutations in the telomerase complex (TERT and TR) are associated with pulmonary fibrosis and frequent hematologic manifestations. The aim of this study was to characterize the prognosis of lung transplantation in patients with TERT or TR mutations. METHODS: Patients with documented TERT or TR mutations who received a lung transplant between 2007 and 2013 in France were identified via an exhaustive search of the lung transplantation network, one expert genetic laboratory, and the clinical research network on rare pulmonary diseases. RESULTS: There were 9 patients (7 men) with TERT (n = 6) or TR (n = 3) mutations who received a single (n = 8) or a double (n = 1) lung transplant for pulmonary fibrosis. Median age was 50 years (range, 35-61 years) at diagnosis and 52 years (range, 37-62 years) at the time of lung transplantation. Thrombocytopenia was present in 7 patients before lung transplantation. After lung transplantation, 6 patients developed myelodysplasia and/or bone marrow failure, directly contributing to death in 4 cases. Anemia was observed in 9 patients, and neutropenia was observed in 3 patients. The median survival after lung transplantation was 214 days (range, 59-1,709 days). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with mutations of the telomerase complex are at high risk of severe hematologic complications after lung transplantation, in particular, bone marrow failure. Specific recommendations should be developed for appropriate guidance regarding hematologic risk assessment before transplantation and management of the post-transplantation immunosuppressive regimen.
ISSN: 1053-2498

hal-01146848
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146848
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146848/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01146848/file/Severe%20hematological%20complications%20after%20lung%20transplantation_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.healun.2014.11.010

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
An original karstic system in a coastal alluvial plain located in a carbonate environment (Cassis, Provence -- SE France) was studied using a multi-method approach (electrical resistivity tomography, gravimetric, passive seismic survey), combined with geomorphologic methods, surface observations and drilling. Limestone dissolution and/or cavity collapse led to the development of a polje, which was filled rapidly by erosion of Aptian marls. The combination of several dating and paleoenvironmental proxies indicates that the polje was filled during a glacial period (MIS 6, 8 or 10, i.e. in the 130-360 ka age range). This discovery has implications for the understanding of karst processes. The connection between the polje and the three km-long Bestouan underwater karstic conduit with submarine outlet is strongly suggested by sedimentological studies and geophysical prospections.
ISSN: 0169-555X

hal-01054334
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01054334
DOI : 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.02.021

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Poster
We deployed a temporary local seismic network in the North Tanzanian Divergence (NTD) for 6 months in 2007 (35 stations, SEISMOTANZ'07 experiment). The region is characterized by major changes in the magmatic/tectonic nature of the rift, at the place where the eastern branch of the East African Rift enters the Tanzanian craton. More than 200 earthquakes were accurately located south of Lake Manyara.
Iceland in the Central Northern Atlantic : hotspot, sea currents and climate change
Plouzané, France

hal-00482059
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-00482059
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-00482059/document
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-00482059/file/poster_albaric.pdf