Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Binding of ligand FasL to its receptor Fas triggers apoptosis via the caspase cascade. FasL itself is homotrimeric, and a productive apoptotic signal requires that FasL be oligomerized beyond the homotrimeric state. We generated a series of FasL chimeras by fusing FasL to domains of the Leukemia Inhibitory Factor receptor gp190 which confer homotypic oligomerization, and analyzed the capacity of these soluble chimeras to trigger cell death. We observed that the most efficient FasL chimera, called pFasL, was also the most polymeric, as it reached the size of a dodecamer. Using a cellular model, we investigated the structure-function relationships of the FasL/Fas interactions for our chimeras, and we demonstrated that the Fas-mediated apoptotic signal did not solely rely on ligand-mediated receptor aggregation, but also required a conformational adaptation of the Fas receptor. When injected into mice, pFasL did not trigger liver injury at a dose which displayed anti-tumor activity in a model of human tumor transplanted to immunodeficient animals, suggesting a potential therapeutic use. Therefore, the optimization of the FasL conformation has to be considered for the development of efficient FasL-derived anti-cancer drugs targeting Fas.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-00873684
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00873684
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00873684/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00873684/file/Functional_Characterization-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0054000

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Few studies have explored the consequences of environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides for gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine pesticide that was used intensively, and almost exclusively, in the French West Indies until 1993. We investigated the impact of prenatal exposure to chlordecone on the occurrence of GDM, GH and PE by studying 779 pregnant women enrolled in a prospective mother-child cohort (Timoun Study) in Guadeloupe between 2004 and 2007. Chlordecone exposure was determined by assaying maternal plasma and information about pregnancy complications was obtained from midwives, pediatricians and hospital medical records after delivery. The risks of GH (n=65), PE (n=31) and GDM (n=71) were estimated by multiple logistic regression including potential confounders. Levels of chlordecone plasma concentration in the third (OR=0.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1, 0.5) and fourth quartiles (OR=0.3; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7) were associated with a statistically significant decrease in the risk of GH. A log10 increase in chlordecone concentration was significantly associated with lower risk of GH (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.6). No significant associations were observed between the chlordecone exposure and the risk of PE or GDM. This study suggests an inverse association between chlordecone exposure during pregnancy and GH. Further studies are required to determine the underlying mechanism, or the potential unknown confounding factors, resulting in this association.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01061391
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01061391
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01061391/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01061391/file/Saunders_et_al._Final_version_main_manuscript.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2014.03.024

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Molds and allergens are common indoor biocontaminants. The aims of this study were to assess the concentrations of common molds in indoor air and floor dust and the concentrations of house dust mite, cat and dog allergens in mattress dust in French dwellings, and to assess predictors of these concentrations. A sample of 150 houses in Brittany (western France) was investigated. Airborne Cladosporium and Penicillium were detected in more than 90% of the dwellings, Aspergillus in 46% and Alternaria in only 6% of the housings. Regarding floor dust samples, Cladosporium and Penicillium were detected in 92 and 80% of the housings respectively, Aspergillus in 49% and Alternaria in 14%. House dust mite allergens Der p1 and Der f1 were detected in 90% and 77% of the mattress dust samples respectively and Can f1 and Fel d1 in 37% and 89% of the homes. Airborne and dustborne mold concentrations, although not statistically correlated (except for Aspergillus) shared most of their predictors. Multivariate linear models for mold levels, explaining up to 62% of the variability, showed an influence of the season, of the age of the dwelling, of aeration habits, presence of pets, smoking, signals of dampness, temperature and relative humidity. Allergens in the dust of the mattress were strongly related to the presence of pets and cleaning practices of bedsheets, these factors accounting for 60% of the variability. This study highlights ubiquitous contamination by molds and underlines complex interaction between outdoor and indoor sources and factors
ISSN: 0048-9697

hal-01165440
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01165440
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01165440/file/Molds%20and%20allergens%20in%20French%20dwellings%20rev2_clean%20version.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.039
PUBMED : 26094801

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
L’objectif était d’identifier des formes d’organisation du travail et d’étudier leur association avec les douleurs de l’épaule et le syndrome de la coiffe des rotateurs (SCR) chez les salariés, à partir des données du programme de surveillance épidémiologique des troubles musculo-squelettiques mis en œuvre dans les Pays de la Loire.
16ème colloque de l'ADEREST
Lyon, France

hal-01301201
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01301201
DOI : 10.1016/j.admp.2015.04.036

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Persistent organic pollutants have not been conclusively associated with length of gestation or with preterm birth. Chlordecone is an organochlorine pesticide that has been extensively used to control the banana root borer population in the French West Indies. Data from the Timoun Mother-Child Cohort Study conducted in Guadeloupe between 2004 and 2007 were used to examine the associations of chlordecone concentrations in maternal plasma with the length of gestation and the rate preterm birth in 818 pregnant women. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression for length of gestation and a Cox model for preterm birth. The median plasma chlordecone concentration was 0.39 µg/L (interquartile range, 0.18-0.83). No correlation was observed with plasma concentrations of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (ρ = 0.017) or polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (ρ = -0.016), the other main organochlorine compounds detected. A 1-log10 increase in chlordecone concentration was associated with a decreased length of gestation (-0.27 weeks; 95% confidence interval: -0.50, -0.03) and an increased risk of preterm birth (60%; 95% confidence interval: 10, 130). These associations may result from the estrogen-like and progestin-like properties of chlordecone. These results are of public health relevance because of the prolonged persistence of chlordecone in the environment and the high background rate of preterm births in this population.
ISSN: 0002-9262

hal-01010740
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01010740
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01010740/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01010740/file/Chlordecone%20Exposure%20final.pdf
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwt313

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that a Mediterranean dietary pattern during pregnancy may influence pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) during pregnancy on fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preterm delivery (PTD) in a French Caribbean island where the population is largely of African descent and presents dietary patterns similar to MD. METHODS: Using data from the TIMOUN Mother-Child Cohort Study conducted in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) between 2004 and 2007, we analysed data for 728 pregnant women who delivered liveborn singletons without any major congenital malformations. Degree of adherence to MD during pregnancy was evaluated with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire based on nine dietary criteria. Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyse birth outcomes while taking potential confounders into account. RESULTS: Overall there was no association between MD adherence during pregnancy and the risk of PTD or FGR. However, pre-pregnancy body mass index was a strong effect modifier, and MD adherence was associated with a decreased risk of PTD specifically in overweight and obese women (adjusted odds ratio 0.7, 95% confidence interval 0.6, 0.9) (P heterogeneity <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Caribbean diet during pregnancy may carry some benefits of MD and may contribute to reduce the risk of PTD in overweight and obese pregnant women.
ISSN: 0269-5022

hal-00988172
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00988172
DOI : 10.1111/ppe.12113
PUBMED : 24754337

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : National audience
Objectif L’objectif était d’identifier des formes d’organisation du travail et d’étudier leur association avec les douleurs de l’épaule et le syndrome de la coiffe des rotateurs (SCR) chez les salariés, à partir des données du programme de surveillance épidémiologique des troubles musculo-squelettiques mis en œuvre dans les Pays de la Loire. Méthodes Entre 2002 et 2005, la participation volontaire de 83 médecins du travail a permis d’inclure par tirage au sort 3710 salariés lors de leur visite médicale périodique. Seize variables organisationnelles ont été recueillies par auto-questionnaire. Les symptômes de l’épaule ont été recueillis à l’aide d’un questionnaire de type nordique et le SCR a été diagnostiqué par le médecin à l’aide d’un examen clinique standardisé. Une classification ascendante hiérarchique (CAH) des variables organisationnelles puis des salariés ont permis d’identifier les différentes formes d’organisation du travail. Les associations entre les formes d’organisation du travail et les douleurs de l’épaule et le SCR ont été étudiées par des régressions logistiques ajustées sur des facteurs individuels, biomécaniques et psychosociaux. Résultats Cinq classes d’organisation du travail ont été identifiées. Une classe de salariés s’est révélée fortement exposée aux contraintes organisationnelles : – travail en équipe postée ; – polyvalence ; – faible latitude décisionnelle ; – répétitivité des tâches ; – rythme de travail imposé par : – le déplacement automatique d’un produit ou d’une pièce/la cadence automatique d’une machine, – la dépendance immédiate vis-à-vis du travail des collègues, – des normes de production ou des délais à respecter, – des contrôles ou une surveillance permanents. À l’inverse, elle était moins exposée au rythme de travail imposé par une demande extérieure (public, client) que l’ensemble de l’échantillon. Par rapport à cette classe, les salariés des quatre autres classes avaient un risque plus faible de douleurs de l’épaule au cours des 12 derniers mois (OR de 0,6 [0,5–0,7] à 0,8 [0,6–0,9]), permanentes au cours des 12 derniers mois (OR de 0,6 à 0,8 [0,5–1,0]) et au cours des 7 derniers jours (OR de 0,6 [0,4–0,9], à 0,8 [0,6–1,0]). L’association était non significative pour le SCR (p = 0,11). Conclusions L’étude a montré une association significative entre les douleurs de l’épaule et l’exposition à des contraintes organisationnelles. Ces résultats seront à confirmer à l’aide de modèles à équations structurelles
16e colloque scientifique de l’ADEREST
Lyon, France

hal-01187141
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187141
DOI : 10.1016/j.admp.2015.04.036

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0002-9262

hal-01010674
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01010674
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwt315
PUBMED : 24401564

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley/Blackwell
Résumé : International audience
This article documents the addition of 512 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia, Bashania fangiana, Bashania fargesii, Chaetodon vagabundus, Colletes floralis, Coluber constrictor flaviventris, Coptotermes gestroi, Crotophaga major, Cyprinella lutrensis, Danaus plexippus, Fagus grandifolia, Falco tinnunculus, Fletcherimyia fletcheri, Hydrilla verticillata, Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus, Leavenworthia alabamica, Marmosops incanus, Miichthys miiuy, Nasua nasua, Noturus exilis, Odontesthes bonariensis, Quadrula fragosa, Pinctada maxima, Pseudaletia separata, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Podocarpus elatus, Portunus trituberculatus, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhinella schneideri, Sarracenia alata, Skeletonema marinoi, Sminthurus viridis, Syngnathus abaster, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) chinensis, Verticillium dahliae, Wasmannia auropunctata, and Zygochlamys patagonica. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Chaetodon baronessa, Falco columbarius, Falco eleonorae, Falco naumanni, Falco peregrinus, Falco subbuteo, Didelphis aurita, Gracilinanus microtarsus, Marmosops paulensis, Monodelphis Americana, Odontesthes hatcheri, Podocarpus grayi, Podocarpus lawrencei, Podocarpus smithii, Portunus pelagicus, Syngnathus acus, Syngnathus typhle,Uroteuthis (Photololigo) edulis, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvauceli and Verticillium albo-atrum. This article also documents the addition of nine sequencing primer pairs and sixteen allele specific primers or probes for Oncorhynchus mykiss and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; these primers and assays were cross-tested in both species.
ISSN: 1755-098X

hal-01094222
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01094222
DOI : 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02916.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Over the last decades, the prevalence of childhood respiratory conditions has dramatically increased worldwide. Considering the time spent in enclosed spaces, indoor air pollutants are of major interest to explain part of this increase. This study aimed to measure the concentrations of pollutants known or suspected to affect respiratory health that are present in dwellings in order to assess children's exposure. Measurements were taken in 150 homes with at least one child, in Brittany (western France), to assess the concentrations of 18 volatile organic compounds (among which four aldehydes and four trihalomethanes) and nine semi-volatile organic compounds (seven phthalates and two synthetic musks). In addition to descriptive statistics, a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate grouping of contaminants. Formaldehyde was highly present and above 30 μg/m(3) in 40% of the homes. Diethyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, and dimethylphthalate were quantified in all dwellings, as well as Galaxolide and Tonalide. For each chemical family, the groups appearing in the PCA could be interpreted in term of sources. The high prevalence and the levels of these compounds, with known or suspected respiratory toxicity, should question regulatory agencies to trigger prevention and mitigation actions.
ISSN: 0905-6947

hal-01162378
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01162378
DOI : 10.1111/ina.12225
PUBMED : 26010323

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The aim was to identify patterns of work organization characteristics using data from epidemiological surveillance program of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) implemented in the Pays de la Loire region between 2002 and 2005. A total of 3710 workers were included and completed a administered questionnaire including 16 organizational variables. Ascendant hierarchical clustering (AHC) of organizational variables and AHC of workers had identified five patterns of work organization characteristics: technical constraints and weak decision latitude; internal/external demand and mean decision latitude; weak pace constraints and mean decision latitude; internal/external demand and high decision latitude; weak pace constraints and high decision latitude. Relationships with MSD diagnosed by occupational physicians were then studied.
The specific health programs (SHP) are one of the four mechanisms of prevention planned by the Health and Safety at work Law in the province of Quebec. If the Law appoints only a responsible doctor, it is in reality Health at work teams (HWT) that develop these SHP. In this communication, based on the model of the working situation and the diagram of inter professional practices of collaboration, we study the practices of inter professional collaboration (CIP) in the HWT. The observed practices vary between independent practices, in parallel, of consultation, of dialogue and in shared services. Formalization of the teams, coordination of communication, leadership, respect and professional identities influence particularly the practices of CIP.
L’objectif était d’identifier des patterns de caractéristiques d'organisation du travail à partir des données du programme de surveillance épidémiologique des troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) mis en œuvre dans les Pays de la Loire entre 2002 et 2005. Au total, 3 710 salariés ont été inclus et ont répondu à un questionnaire comportant notamment 16 variables organisationnelles. Une classification ascendante hiérarchique (CAH) des variables organisationnelles puis une CAH des salariés ont permis d’identifier cinq patterns de caractéristiques d’organisation du travail : contraintes techniques et faible latitude décisionnelle ; demande interne/externe et latitude décisionnelle moyenne ; faibles contraintes de rythme et latitude décisionnelle moyenne ; demande externe/interne et forte latitude décisionnelle ; faibles contraintes de rythme et forte latitude décisionnelle. Les associations avec les TMS diagnostiqués par des médecins du travail ont ensuite été étudiées.
Actes du 50ème congrès de la Société d'Ergonomie de Langue Française
Paris, France

halshs-01307785
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01307785